考研《英語一》2023年杭州市西湖區(qū)深度自測卷含解析

考研《英語一》2023年杭州市西湖區(qū)深度自測卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AfterAida’sparentsfledwar-tornBosniaforSwedenintheearly1990s,theyputtheirfive-year-olddaughterinaschoolfullofnativeSwedesandmadesureshestudiedhardtogetahead.It1.TodaysheisSweden’sministerforuppersecondaryeducation.LikeherfellowacrossEurope,shefacesanew2-makingsurethatafreshwaveofrefugeechildrencanintegrate(融入)assuccessfullyasshedid.Inthecountriesacceptingthemostrefugees-SwedenandGermany-lackof3isnotaproblem.Beforethemigrantpoured,bothcountriesfaced4numbersofpupilsbecauseoflowbirthrates.Thebiggestproblemfortheeducation5isthatrefugeechildrentendtobeconcentratedtogether.Many6schoolsnearrefugeecentersorinimmigrantneighborhoods.Thismeanstheyarepartiallyseparatedandless7tolearnthelocallanguage.Moreover,immigrants8findhousinginpoorareaswithlowereducationstandard.Schoolswheremorethanaquarterofstudentsareimmigrantsusually9worsethanthosewithnoimmigrants.From2002to2012Sweden’s10intheOECD’sProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA)fellmorethan11country’s.TheGermansystemhasits12.InsomeGermanstates,schooldaysarebeing13,andthe14hasmadeabiginvestmentinpreschooleducation.InSweden,meanwhileolderrefugeesarebeingtrainedasteaching15tospeedintegration.Butfarmorecouldbedone.Mostimportantly,Europeangovernmentsneedtotreatrefugeechildrenasan16ratherthanaproblem.17byadesperatedesireforabetterlife,theyandtheirparentstendtobehard-workingand18.Europeanswhoworriedaboutmigrantsstudyingtogether19theirchildrenshouldlake20becauseabouthalfoftherefugees(難民)reachingEuropefromSyriahaveuniversitydegrees,accordingtoUNHCR.1、A．studiedB．workedC．failedD．embarrassed2、A．programB．choiceC．challengeD．success3、A．spaceB．purposeC．knowledgeD．money4、A．decliningB．increasingC．spreadingD．raising5、A．contentB．processC．principleD．system6、A．joinB．joininC．a(chǎn)ttendD．takepartin7、A．possiblyB．likelyC．entirelyD．generally8、A．intendtoB．trendC．devotetoD．tendto9、A．a(chǎn)pplyB．equipC．performD．make10、A．rankB．rangeC．viewD．goal11、A．oneanotherB．theotherC．eachotherD．a(chǎn)nyother12、A．rightB．strengthC．weaknessD．pride13、A．shortenedB．loosenedC．enlargedD．extended14、A．governmentB．schoolC．committeeD．university15、A．managersB．operatorsC．a(chǎn)ssistantsD．secretaries16、A．opportunityB．wonderC．newsD．complaint17、A．StrickenB．GuidedC．DrivenD．Confused18、A．curiousB．a(chǎn)mbitiousC．a(chǎn)nxiousD．eager19、A．a(chǎn)gainstB．withC．orD．in20、A．hopeB．convenienceC．respectD．comfortSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peopletendtoacceptgroupsstandardsofbehaviorandthinkinginagroupwork.Manyillustrations(例證)couldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsishowmuchpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.Aschandothersnoticedthatpeopleinagroupwillagreetostatementsthatarecontrarytotheevidenceoftheirsenses.Itwouldbeamistaketothinkthatonlyparticularchangeablepeoplearechosentotakepartinexperimentsofthistype.Usuallyhighlyintelligentandindependentpeopleareused.Inatypicalexperiment,thisiswhatmayhappen.Theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupwhichisinvestigatingvisualsense.Theparticipantsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecooperatingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard.Oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Whenhisturncomesheisfacedwiththeconsistentopinionoftherestofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknowthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion(視覺假象),orbecausetheywereafraidofbeingdifferent.1、Thepsychologistsareespeciallyinterestedin________.A．theevidenceoftheexperiment. B．thechangesintheattitudesofpeople.C．thedifferenceinpeople’sbehavior D．thedegreeofchangesofpeople’sopinions2、Whymorethanhalfofthevictimschangestheiropinionsintheexperiment?A．Becausetheyhadbeentoldabouttheanswer.B．Becausethoughtthegroupchoicewascorrect.C．Becausetheysubmittedtothegrouppressure.D．Becausetheireyesweresufferingfromillusion.3、Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto________.A．illustratetheinfluenceofgrouppressureonindividualsB．encouragepeopletoactagainstanygroupsopinionC．invitemorevolunteerstojoininAsch'sexperimentD．tellthereadershowtoperformpsychologicalexperimentText2InthisPennsylvaniacity,Pittsburghisshrinkingbutgettingwealthier.Since2000,itspopulationhasdeclinedby95,000whileitsincomepercapita(人均)hasshotup24percent.Thetrendistakingholdinmanyothercities,likeBuffaloinNewYork,ProvidenceinRhodeIslandandNewOrleans.Someoftheseareashavecreatedmorehigh-payingjobsinenergy,healthcareoreducation.Othershavemanagedtoreshapetheirproducingindustryforaneweconomy.Higher-payingjobshaveagreatereffectbecausetheycreatedemandforadditionalservices."ThestoryinPittsburghisverypositive,andotherareasarelookingatitasanexampleofthetransformationthatmightbepossible，”saidGuhanVenkatu,whowroteaneconomichistoryoftheareacalled“RustandRenewal”fortheFederalReserveBankofCleveland.CarnegieMellonUniversityandtheUniversityofPittsburghhavehelpedbringtechjobsandinnovation(革新)totheareabysponsoringtechcentersthathelpgraduatesstartcompanieswithoutmovingtoSiliconValleyorSanFrancisco.ThishashelpedkeepPittsburgh'seducatedyoungpopulationgrowingevenastheentirepopulationinthecityhasdropped.PittsburghhasmoreSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)jobsthanothershrinkingcities,about80,000or7%ofalljobs.STEMjobsaddproductivityandincomegrowthtothearea.Manufacturersofhigh-techmedicalequipmentinthePittsburghareaalsohavedoubledemploymentinthelast10years.However,someexpertsquestionwhethergrowingincomepercapitacanreallymakeupforadecliningpopulation.AccordingtoPatrickAdler,aresearcherattheUniversityofToronto,populationlossdoesmatterifitmeanslower-skilledworkershavefledbecauseofalackofopportunity.What'smore,high-payingjobsineducationandhealthcarecandisappearifthepopulationdeclinestoogreatly.Soit'dbewisetofindwaystoincreasethepopulation.1、InwhataspectdoesPittsburghsetagoodexample?A．Transformingoldenergyintonewenergy.B．Creatingmorewell-paidjobs.C．Prohibitingthemanufacturing.D．Sponsoringhighereducation.2、Howdosomeacademicinstitutionshelpwiththelocaleconomy?A．Byhelpingtoattractmoretalentsfromotherareas.B．Byprovidingmuchtechnicalsupporttolocalcompanies.C．Byhostingtechcentersforlocaleducatedgraduates.D．Byassistinginemployingalargenumberofeducatedyouths.3、WhyisPatrickAdlermentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowthedisadvantageofadecliningpopulation.B．Tosuggestincreasinghigh-payingjobs.C．Toraisedoubtsaboutgrowingincomepercapita.D．Totellareasonwhylower-skilledworkersflee.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowFastJobGrowthIsRelatedtoPopulationGrowthB．HowLess-crowdedCitiesPlanTheirHigh-techEconomyC．WhySomeCitiesAreLosingPeoplebutGettingWealthierD．WhySomeCitiesAreSufferingFromaShrinkingPopulationText3WhenemergencyworkersarriveatanoldfirehouseinNewYorkCity,thewaytheygreeteachotherisnotwhatyoumightexpect.Thesefirstresponderssay,"NiHao!""NiHao"means"hello"inMandarinChinese.Firstrespondersarethefirstemergencyworkerstoarriveatafire,trafficaccidentorotheremergency.Somefirstrespondersarefirefighters,whileotherscanbeEmergencyMedicalTechnicians.InBrooklyn,NewYork,over20firstrespondersarestudyingMandarinChineseforabouttwohoursaweek.Theclassisthefirstofitskind.ItisofferedbytheNewYorkCityFireDepartmentFoundation.TheU.S.CensusBureaurecentlyreportedthatsomeNewYorkneighborhoodsaremadeupmostlyofimmigrants.SomepeoplehavepredictedthattheChinesecommunityislikelytobecomeNewYork'slargestimmigrantgroup.TheythinkthecitywillhavethelargestChinesecommunityoutsideofAsia.TheCensusBureaualsofoundthatalmost200languagesarespokeninthecity.So,knowingdifferentlanguagesisimportant,especiallyifyouareafirstresponder.Lieutenant(中尉,少尉)SteveLeeispresidentoftheFireDepartment'sPhoenixSociety.Hesaysthatfirstrespondersmustbeabletocommunicatequicklyandeffectivelywhenanemergencyhappens.Heexplainsthatfirstrespondersenterneighborhoodsandcommunitiestoassistregardlessofwheretheyarefrom.Manytimesfirstrespondersdonotspeakthesamelanguageasthepeopletheyarecalledtohelp.Headdsthatitisvital,orveryimportant,thatfirstrespondersareabletocommunicatewiththepeoplecallingforhelp.Withouthelpfromhomeownersandothers,Leeadds,discoveringexactlywhereafireisburningcanbearealproblem.Firstrespondersneedtoaskquestionssuchas"Whatbuilding?Whataddress?Whatapartment?"Andthemostimportantquestion,"Isthereanybodyleftinthebuildingandwhere?"1、WhoarefirstrespondersaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Peoplefirstlearningthedisaster. B．Personsleadingtheemergencyrescue.C．Rescuersfirstreachingthedisaster D．Peoplefirstfindthedisaster.2、WhyarethefirstrespondersinNewYorkstudyingtheChineselanguage?A．ToshowrespecttotheChineseimmigrants.B．TolearnaboutChineseculturesmuchbetter.C．TomeettherapidgrowthofChinesepopulation.D．TofindabetterjobinChinesecommunity.3、Whatdofirstrespondersconcernmost?A．Theplacewherethefireoccurs. B．Thepeopletrappedinthefire.C．Thelanguagetocommunicate. D．Thedistancecoveredtothefire.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MandarinBeingaMustforEmergencyWorkersB．NewYork'sEmergencyCrewsLearningMandarinC．LanguageProblemDisturbingFirstResponders'WorkD．ImportanceofLanguagesUsedinEmergencyRescueText4I’dhavetosaythattheschemestoreducestaffabsenceandincreasepunctuality(準時)havebeenabigsuccess.We’veseenthatstaffattendancelevelshaveincreasedfrom88%to93%,andlevelsofpunctualityhaveincreasedfrom79%to91%,whichisfantastic.Andthenumberofdaysthatstaffhavetakenoffforsicknesshasdroppedfromanaverageofninedaysperyeartojustfive.Therehasalsobeenageneralincreaseinmotivationatwork,andwe’veseenoutputincreasebyatleast16%sincethistimelastyear.So,whathavewebeendoingtoimprovethings?Well,forastart,we’vebeenintroducingaschemesothatemployeesgetbonusesifcompanyproductiontargetsandsalesfiguresaremet.Andifthingscarryonastheyare,allemployeeswillhavereceivedabonusbytheendofnextmonth.We’vealsointroducedasystemwherebyemployeesandmanagementsetpersonaltargets.Then,theindividualemployeereceivesabonusifthesetargetsaremet.Andtohelpwithpunctuality,we’veinstalledanewsystemthatrecordsexactlywhattimepeoplearegettinginandleavingtheoffice.Thishashelpedimprovepunctualityratessubstantially.Anotherinitiativehasbeentheinstallationofagamesroomforemployeestouseduringmid-morningandlunchbreaks.We’vefoundthatit’sagreatwaytomotivatestaff,givingthemtimetorelax.Aspartofthis,we’veboughtapingpongtable,abasketballhoopandadartsboard.Andbynextweek,thetwotable-footballtablesthatweorderedlastmonthwillhavearrived.Sinceopeningthegamesroom,staffhavebeenusingitconstantly,especiallythebedsthatweboughttoallowstafftohaveashortnapduringtheday.Alongsimilarlines,we’vealsoorganizedanumberofteambuildingexcursions.1、WhydoestheauthorlistsomefiguresinParagraphOne?A．ToprovetheplansworkwellB．ToshowemployeestobemorepunctualC．TopresenttheproductiongrowsobviouslyD．Toprovetheincreaseofworkers’attendance2、Whathavetheydonetohelpwithpunctuality?A．They’vesetpersonaltargetsB．They’veweakeneddemandsonemployeesC．They’veintroducedaschemetogiveemployeesbonusesD．They’verecordedworkers’comingandleavingbyanewsystem3、Whathasbeenmostpopularinthegamesroom?A．ApingpongtableB．AdartsboardC．AbasketballhoopD．Anapbed4、Asreaders,whomaybenefitmostfromthisarticle?A．StudentsB．ManagersC．TeachersD．FarmersPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)FromTheReadertoNationalTreasure,TVprogramsseekingtotakeadvantage1．Chineseaudience’sgrowinginterestintraditionalculturehadagreatyearin2．Duringatime3．hiringfamouspopstarsandusingsillygimmicks(噱頭)havebecomemajortrendsindrawingyoungerChineseviewers,nooneeverexpectedthattheseslow-pacedandseriousshowsfocusedonChinesetraditionandculturewould4．(accept)sowidelyButthefactisthatshowslikeChinesePoetryConferenceandLettersAlivequicklyclimbedto5．topofthenationalTVratingsThepopularityofthistypeofprogramshowsthatmanyChinese6．(be)eagertolearnmoreabouttraditionalcultureWhileLettersAliveandTheReaderinvitepeoplefromallwalksoflife7．(read)letters,essaysorpoemswrittenbyrespectablewritersandothergreatpeople,NationalTreasurefocusesonthe8．(attract)storiesandhistorybehindnational-levelculturalrelics(遺物)．Onereasonfortheseshows’being9．(huge)successfulmightbetheirhumanfocusLiteraryworks10．(share)intheseshowstalkaboutreallifeandtheyalsoappealtoregularviewersratherthanjustliteratureloversThoughNationalTreasurefocusesonintroducingancient11．(treasure),itfocusesmoreonthehumanstoriesbehindthemDearSir,Inreply1．youradvertisementintoday’sChinaDailyregardingavacancy(空缺)inyouroffice,Iwishtoapplyforthepositionofseniorclerk,2．youhavespecified．IfeelsurethatIcanmeetyourspecialrequirementsthatthecandidate(應試者)musthave3．highcommandofEnglish,forI4．(graduate)fromtheEnglishLanguageDepartmentofWuhanUniversitythreeyearsago．InadditiontomystudyofEnglishintheuniversity,Ihaveworkedforthree5．(year)asasecretaryinthefirmofABCTradingCoLtd．Themainreasonfor6．(change)myemploymentistogainmoreexperiencewithasuperiortradingcompanylike7．(you)．Ibelievethatmyeducationandexperiencewillprove8．(use)forworkinyouroffice．Iamenclosingmyresume,certificateofgraduationandaletterofrecommendationfromthepresidentoftheuniversity．Ishallbegrateful9．youwillgivemeapersonalinterviewatyour10．(convenient)．Verytrulyyours,LiMeiSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)ShouldWeCreateMoreNationalParkstoSaveEndangeredAnimals?Don’tyoufinditworryingthatmoreandmorespeciesofanimalsareinrealdangerofbecomingextinct?1、AndIthinkthebestwaytodothisisforgovernmentstocreatemorenationalparks.2、Ifthisenvironmentisdestroyed—forexample,whenfarmersclearaforestfornewfields,ortreesarecutdownformakingmoney—manyanimalsareunabletosurvive,andmorespeciesarelikelytobecomeextinct.Inaddition,nationalparksprotectanimalsfromthedangerofbeinghunted.Amajorreasonwhymanyspeciesareendangeredisthattheanimalsarekilledbyhunters.Theyhuntanimalstomakemoney.3、Ontheotherhand,somepeoplefightagainstthecreationofnationalparksbecausetheyconsideritwrongtointerferewithnature.Theybelievethatwildanimalsarehappierlivingintheirnaturalenvironment.4、Theyalsopointoutthatafewspeciesaremorelikelytoproduceyounganimalsinthewildthaninnationalparks.Allinall,though,thesedisadvantagesarefarlessimportantthanthebenefitsofnationalparks.5、Asamatteroffact,theyprotectanimalsfromtheirgreatestenemies,thatis,humanbeings.A．Theysaythoughtheanimalsmayfacedanger,theyenjoyafreelife.B．Firstly,nationalparksprotecttheanimals1naturalenvironment.C．Tobeginwith,animalsareimportanttohumans.D．Ipersonallybelievethatwemustsavetheseanimals.E.Thereisaheateddiscussionaboutwhethertocreatemorenationalparks.F.Theseparksallowanimalstoliveinasafeenvironment.G.Somehuntersevenhuntanimalssimplyforsport.Ifyou'regoingabroadforcollege,youmightbethinkingabouthowtogetyourselfasafeandcozyhomefortheyearsahead.Ofcourse,dormitoriesarealwaysagoodplacetostart