計(jì)算機(jī)英語 第3版 課后習(xí)題答案 完整版

./參考答案Unit1SectionA〔P8I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdainput;outputVLSIworkstations;mainframesvacuum;transistorsinstructions;softwaredigit;eight;bytemicrominiaturization;chipII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:artificialintelligence人工智能paper-tapereader紙空閱讀機(jī)opticalcomputer光學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)neuralnetwork神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)instructionset指令集parallelprocessing平行處理differenceengine差分機(jī)versatilelogicalelement通用邏輯器件siliconsubstrate硅基vacuumtube真空管〔電子管thestorageandhandlingofdata數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與處理verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit超大規(guī)模集成電路centralprocessingunit中央處理器personalcomputer個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)analoguecomputer模擬計(jì)算機(jī)digitalcomputer數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)general-purposecomputer通用計(jì)算機(jī)processorchip處理器芯片operatinginstructions操作指令inputdevice輸入設(shè)備III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanbeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse<forexample,theageofthemachine>beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.Unit2SectionA〔P34I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:input;output;storageBasicInputOutputSystemflatbedscanners;hand-heldscannersLCD-baseddot-matrixprinters;inkjetprintersdiskdrives;memoryVolatileserial;parallelII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:Functionkey功能鍵voicerecognitionmodule語音識(shí)別模塊touch-sensitiveregion觸感區(qū),觸摸區(qū)addressbus地址總線flatbedscanner平板掃描儀dot-matrixprinter點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)〔針式打印機(jī)parallelconnection并行連接cathoderaytube陰極射線管videogame電子游戲〔港臺(tái)亦稱電玩audiosignal音頻信號(hào)operatingsystem操作系統(tǒng)LCD<liquidcrystaldisplay>液晶顯示〔器inkjetprinter噴墨打印機(jī)databus數(shù)據(jù)總線serialconnection串行連接volatilememory易失性存儲(chǔ)器laserprinter激光打印機(jī)diskdrive磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器BIOS<BasicInputOutputSystem>基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)videodisplay視頻顯示器III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiskread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldisksusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisk,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpyareas<called"pits">onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiskisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa"read-only"disk.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprintedbythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdiskcanstore650megabytesofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisk,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.Unit3SectionA〔P57I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:artificial;instructionslow-level;high-levellow-levelMachinefunctional;logicStatementModuledigitalII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:storageregister存儲(chǔ)寄存器functionstatement函數(shù)語句programstatement程序語句object-orientedlanguage面向?qū)ο笳Z言assemblylanguage匯編語言intermediatelanguage中間語言,中級(jí)語言relationallanguage關(guān)系〔型語言artificiallanguage人造語言datadeclaration數(shù)據(jù)聲明SQL結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言executableprogram可執(zhí)行程序programmodule程序模塊conditionalstatement條件語句assignmentstatement賦值語句logiclanguage邏輯語言machinelanguage機(jī)器語言procedurallanguage過程語言programminglanguage程序設(shè)計(jì)語言runacomputerprogram運(yùn)行計(jì)算機(jī)程序computerprogrammer計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)員III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonicsforinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaderscombinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed"libraries"ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages<closertonaturallanguages>wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.Unit4SectionA〔P81I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:application;operatingassemblerscompilerinterpreterDebuggerLoopdevicedriverJohnvonNeumannII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:inferenceengine推理機(jī)systemcall系統(tǒng)調(diào)用compiledlanguage編譯語言parallelcomputing平行計(jì)算patternmatching模式匹配freememory空閑存interpreterprogram解釋程序libraryroutine庫程序intermediateprogram中間程序,過渡程序sourcefile源文件interpretedlanguage解釋〔性語言devicedriver設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序sourceprogram源程序debuggingprogram調(diào)試程序objectcode目標(biāo)代碼applicationprogram應(yīng)用程序utilityprogram實(shí)用程序logicprogram邏輯程序inkcartridge墨盒programstorageandexecution程序的存儲(chǔ)與執(zhí)行III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.Compilerscollectandreorganize<compile>alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers,binders<聯(lián)編程序>,linkers<連接程序>,andloaders<裝入程序>—finishthetranslation.Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers<PC>andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.Unit7SectionA〔P153I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:Telegraphdots;dashesMediapoint-to-pointAnalogDigitaltext-basedmodemII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:microwaveradio微波無線電digitaltelevision數(shù)字電視DSL數(shù)字用戶線路analogtransmission模擬傳輸on-screenpointer屏幕〔觸摸屏上的指示〔器computerterminal計(jì)算機(jī)終端radiotelephone無線cellulartelephone蜂窩〔移動(dòng)decentralizednetwork分散的網(wǎng)絡(luò)wire-basedinternalnetwork基于普通網(wǎng)線的部網(wǎng)絡(luò)fiber-opticcable光纜faxmachine傳真機(jī)wirelesscommunications無線通信point-to-pointcommunications點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)通信modulatedelectricalimpulse調(diào)制電脈沖communication<s>satellite通信衛(wèi)星telegraphkey電報(bào)電鍵transmissionmedium傳輸媒體cordlesstelephone無繩metalconductor金屬導(dǎo)體III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Datacommunicationsistheprocessoftransmittingandreceivingdatainanorderlywaysothedatathatarrivesatitsdestinationisanaccurateduplicationofthedatathatwassent.Whendatatravelsashortdistance,suchaswhenyousenddatafromyourcomputertoyourprinter,itisreferredtoaslocalcommunications.Whendatatravelsalongdistance,thecommunicationisreferredtoastelecommunications;theprefix"tele"isderivedfromaGreekwordthatmeans"far"or"faroff."Thedifferencebetweenashortdistanceandalongdistanceissomewhatarbitrary<武斷的>.Forexample,ifyourcomputersendsdatatoaprinterinthenextroom,itisregardedaslocalcommunications;ifyouphonethepersoninthenextroom,youaretransmittingdataoveratelecommunicationsdevice.However,thesamebasiccommunicationsconceptsapplytobothlocalcommunicationsandtelecommunications.Basicdatacommunicationsconceptsarethebuildingblocksforunderstandinghowdatatravelsonacommunicationssystem.Theseconceptscomeinhandy<派得上用處>whenyouinstall,configure,orupgradealocalareanetwork.Inaddition,theseconceptshelpyousetupmodems,faxmachines,andcellulardatatransfers.Unit12SectionA〔P272I．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:employeesHackersCrackersdamage;manipulationWormsoftwarepiracyaccess;backupPasswordsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:encryptionprogram加密程序deletioncommand刪除命令authorizeduser授權(quán)的用戶backupcopy備份的副本voltagesurge電涌,浪涌電壓circuitbreaker斷路器electroniccomponent電子器件data-entryerror數(shù)據(jù)輸入錯(cuò)誤electronicbreak-in電路中斷powerline電力線,輸電線detectionprogram檢測程序powersource電源destructivecomputerprogram破壞性計(jì)算機(jī)程序computervirus計(jì)算機(jī)病毒softwarepiracy軟件侵權(quán)hard-diskdrive硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器viruschecker病毒檢查程序primarystorage主存儲(chǔ)器electronicbulletinboard電子公告板surgeprotector浪涌電壓保護(hù)器III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Avirusorotherunwelcomesurprisecanlurkinyourcomputersystemfordaysormonthswitho