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詞形變化填空題的應(yīng)試技巧一、題型分析這個(gè)題型主要考查動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)變化,也就是說(shuō),根據(jù)句子的實(shí)際情況將動(dòng)詞的原形變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)?shù)男问?。還包括少量的試題考查根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)形成的形容詞、名詞和代詞(反身代詞)等的詞形變化。二、應(yīng)試技巧熟練掌握動(dòng)詞詞形變化規(guī)律。注意:動(dòng)詞形式既包括謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式,如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及語(yǔ)氣(直陳、虛擬)等,虛擬語(yǔ)氣為重點(diǎn),幾年來(lái)的考題中都有這方面內(nèi)容;包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種形式。所以做動(dòng)詞的詞形變化時(shí),首先要搞清楚它在句中是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,然后再作相應(yīng)的變化。認(rèn)真學(xué)好并熟習(xí)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)。特別是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞、副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換;通過(guò)加詞綴構(gòu)成具有否定意義的詞。認(rèn)真鉆研相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法講解:主要指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、習(xí)慣搭配等部分。動(dòng)詞是考試的重點(diǎn)。主要包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。詞形變化填空題題型一:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):重點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):重點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,完成時(shí)(1)Seeingviolenceonetelevisionorreadingaboutitinthenewspaperseveryday (make)ustoleratecrimemorethanweshould.(2)Theyusedto (work)twelveorfourteenhoursadayatthattime.(3)Somepeoplethinkrelationsbetweenpeople (deteriorate)somuchthatunderstandingandfriendshiparealmostim-possible.(havedeteriorated)Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhat (happen)toher.(hadhappened)Someproverbs (be)inthelanguagefor1,000years,forexample,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Inthepasttwodecade,research (expand)ourknowledgeaboutsleepanddream.(hasexpanded)詞形變化填空題題型二:動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài):主要掌握各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)式,特別是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去式,完成時(shí)Thenationsthat actively (involve)inearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,Russia,andtheUnitedStates.(areinvolved)詞形變化填空題題型三:動(dòng)詞不定式A. 動(dòng)詞不定式:主要考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及不帶to的不定式,某些動(dòng)詞后固定用不定式等的用法.還要注意動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式和完成式.1.不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)可前置,也可后置。后置時(shí),通常用形式主語(yǔ)it,將不定式后移,使用形式主語(yǔ)it時(shí),有兩種結(jié)構(gòu):for+名詞/代詞+不定式與of+名詞/代詞+不定式,后一種句子中的形容詞可表示不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、性情等,如:Itisimportantforyoutouseyourtimewisely.Itwasbraveofhimtodrivefromthecliff.用在”of+名詞/代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞常見(jiàn)的有:wrong,foolish,rude,silly,stupid,selfish,absurd,bold,careless,cruel,honest,good,careful,polite,nice,thoughtful,considerate,kind,generous等。2.不定式作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式可在大部分系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),該表語(yǔ)僅用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)常用來(lái)表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的行為,或表示未來(lái)的可能性與假設(shè),如:Theobjectiveoftheteachershouldbetomakesurethatthestudentsunderstandwhattheyread.ArewetohandintheexercisesonMonday?但注意“be+still/yet+不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往含有否定的意義,如:Wehavemadesomeachievements.Wearestilltobemodestandprudent.3.不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1) 動(dòng)詞不定式可接在很多動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ),但有少量動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),如:afford,agree,decide,determine,desire,expect,fail,happen,hope,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,tend,intend,threaten,wish,attempt,expect,choose,claim,neglect,hesitate等。(2) 動(dòng)詞不定式一般不單獨(dú)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ),這幾個(gè)介詞是but,besides,except,save,insteadof等。但應(yīng)注意:but,besides,except,save,等介詞一般僅在含有否定意義的句子里才能接不定式作賓語(yǔ),如:Hewilldoanythingforyouexcepttolendyoumoney.TherewasnothingforitbuttogiveTombestandgohome.Insteadof前后所連接的兩個(gè)成份對(duì)等,若前面的一個(gè)成份為不定式,那么后面的成份也應(yīng)用不定式。(3) 有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面要求跟不帶to的不定式,這些不定式有的能作賓語(yǔ),有的不能,常見(jiàn)的有:hadbetter,hadrather,mayjustaswell,ratherthan,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldyouplease…等。Ratherthanleaveeverythingtothelastminute,healwayspreferstostartearly.Youhadbettergonow.It'sgettinglate.Sincesheisangry,wemightaswellleaveheralone.注意:rather/soonerthan位于句首時(shí),其后的不定式必須省掉to,位于句末時(shí),to可省可不省,如:Ratherthangobybus,hewalkstohisofficeeveryday.Hewalkstohisofficeeverydayratherthan(to)gobybus.(4) 動(dòng)詞know后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),只能用結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式,如:Whilestillayoungboy,heknewhowtoplaythepianowell.能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有:consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,imagine,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,think,understand,wonder等Theyaskedhowtogettothestation.Haveyoudecidedwhethergoanouting.(5)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替,并把不定式移到句末,結(jié)構(gòu)為:動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式,能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:feel,think,find,consider,judge,make等,如:Hefeelsitchallengingtobeasupermarketmanager.(6) 一部分動(dòng)詞后面要求跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:feel,let,have,hear,make,notice,observe,see,watch;help后面的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to,如:Onseeingtheyoungchildfallintothelake,Ericsprangtohisfeet,andwenttotherescue.Hehelpedme(to)mowthelawn.4.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)有些名詞要求用不定式作定語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有:ability,ambition, anything,attempt,capability,chance,courage,curiosity,decision,desire,determination,effort,failure,hope,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,order,place,promise,reason,refusal,right,something,strength,struggle,tendency,time,way,wish等,如:Theexaminerwilltestyourabilitytodriveundernormalroadconditions.There'snoneedtobotherhimwithsuchtrifles.(2) 由only,last,next序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞,常用不定式作定語(yǔ),如:ThenextmantocomewasGrey.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.Thisisthethirdcaseofsmallpox(天花)tooccurinthetown.(3) 有時(shí)作定語(yǔ)的不定式與被它修飾的名詞間有主謂、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、使用的工具等,這時(shí),這一不定式后面通常有一個(gè)介詞來(lái)表示這種關(guān)系。如:LittleRuthfoundnoonetoplaywith.Thesmelltellsthebeeswhatkindofflowerstolookfor.注意:不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式后面要跟介詞。如:Astronautscanbeaffectedbyloneliness.Theymayhavetositinthespacecraftforweekswithverylittletodoandnoonetotalkto.5.不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、修飾形容詞等。如:(1)Weeattolive,notlivetoeat.Inordertoovercomedifficulties,wemustworkhard.(inorderto可以置于句首或句尾;soasto通常放在句尾)⑵Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(通常onlyto引出的是”意想不到的”或”不愉快的”結(jié)果)Shewastootiredtowalk.(3) Theylaughedtoseetheclown.Hewasoverjoyedtohearthenews.(4) 不定式常用于修飾下列形容詞:able,afraid,angry,apt,clever,careful,careless,certain,considerate,difficult,eager, easy,fit,happy,interesting,likely,luckily,quick,ready,right,sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrong如:SomeofPicasso'spicturesaredifficulttounderstand.Areyoureadytostartthedictation?Anniseasytogetalongwith.不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)呈動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)要注意:不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式要帶介詞;不定式不能再帶賓語(yǔ),即不能說(shuō):SomeofPicasso'spicturesaredifficulttounderstandthem.Anniseasytogetalongwithher6..不定式的特殊形式:too?to及其變體的意義too?to的意義:too?to中的不定式有否定意義,表示“太…不能”女口:Shespoketoofastforustofollow.too?to變體的意義:too..to的變體通常表示肯定的意義not/nevertoo?to表示:“不太…能”女口:Iamnottoobusytocome.(我不是忙得來(lái)不了)It'snevertoolatetomend.(亡羊補(bǔ)牢,猶未晚已)Wearenevertoooldtolearn.(我們要活到老學(xué)到老)too…notto表示:“很…不會(huì)不”女口:Heistoosmartnottoseeyourpoint.Jackistooconcernedwiththismatternottoattachmuchimportancetoit.but/onlytoo表示:“非?!薄ⅰ疤?。女口:Heisbuttoogladtojoinus.Weareonlytoohappytohaveyouwithus.Youknowonlytoowelltoholdyourtongue.7.不定式的進(jìn)行體、完成體不定式的進(jìn)行體表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如:Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.HeissaidtobestudyinginHarvard.不定式的完成體表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。如:Iamsorrytohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime.Itisnicetohavetalkedtoyou.在shouldlike/wouldlike/love等結(jié)構(gòu)后面,表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作:I'dliketohavegonewithyouonyourhikelastweekend.在表示“打算”、“計(jì)劃”等含義的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞后面,可用不定式的完成體表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn):Weplannedtohavefinishedtheworkbeforesupper.Iwishedtohavereadthestory.Everyonesaiditwasawonderfulstory.8.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一定要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)可能出現(xiàn)在句中,也可能省略:Shedoesn'tliketobetreatedasguest.Tobeinvitedtospeakhereisagreathonor.(2)有些不定式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)已成為固定詞組,需牢記:Womenhavebecomeaforcenottobereckonedwithinsociety.(不可忽視)Thematterisnottobetrifledwith.(鬧著玩的)不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有時(shí)也可表示被動(dòng)含義。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)也是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如:Georgeboughtanewspapertoreadonthetrain.當(dāng)不定式帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:Therearestillthreechaptersformetoreviewbeforetheexam.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以看成是省掉時(shí)。如:Thecoffeeisbitter(forsomeone)totaste.It'sanicedress(forsomeone)towearattheparty.當(dāng)出現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法中時(shí)。如:Iamnottoblame.Thehouseistorent.(=Thehouseistoberent.)Thereisnotimetolose.(Thereisnotimetobelost.)(4)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see, make,hear用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式要保留to。如:Herstudentsdon'thavetobemadetolearn.Wasanyoneseentogoout.詞形變化填空題題型四:分詞分詞:主要考查分詞作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)的用法.注意現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別.另外,還有現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與完成式的區(qū)別.分詞有兩種:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的意思;過(guò)去分詞卻具有被動(dòng)和完成的意味。1.分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,都能作定語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞與它修飾的詞是主東關(guān)系;過(guò)去分詞與它修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。單一的分詞一般作前置定語(yǔ),分詞短語(yǔ)常作后置定語(yǔ)。如:Thecommandergaveanencouragingtalktohismen.Theauthorgaveadetaileddescriptionbasedonhispersonalobservationofnature.2.分詞作表語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ),當(dāng)說(shuō)明我們對(duì)某事的感覺(jué)時(shí),用過(guò)去分詞,如excited,amused,astonished,bored;而談?wù)摰接腥せ騾挓┑鹊哪硞€(gè)人或事務(wù)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞,如disappointing,frustrating,discouraging,convincing。如:Afteralongwalkonahotday,oneoftenfeelsexhausted.Thegamesoundsinteresting.分詞作狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨或方式,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí),要用現(xiàn)在分詞;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作的接受者時(shí),要用過(guò)去分詞。如:Wearingmilitaryuniform,theDefenseMinisterreviewedtheGuardsofHonour.儀仗隊(duì))Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.注意分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如:Comparedwithuniversitiesandcolleges,communitycollegesintheUnitedStatesarequitedifferent.3.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)若賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞;若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用過(guò)去分詞。Ifoundtheparadequiteinterestingtowatch.Ihadneverwatchedonequitelikeitbefore.Whenoneisspeakingtoforeigners,itissometimesdifficulttomakeoneselfunderstood.在”have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)通常不是分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,如:Thesestudentsarequickatlearning.We'llhavethemwtmreatihonedsd.inneThedentistsaidthatifmytoothwentworse,Ishouldhavetohaveitpulledout.分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ),就要采用分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可由with引起;有時(shí)也可將這一分詞短語(yǔ)改為狀語(yǔ)從句,如:Generallyspeaking,theprojectwasquitesuccessful.Takenasawhole,weconsiderthecompositionwellwritten.Judgingfromhisappearances,Tomistheboss.Darknesssettingin,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.Thetrainbeinglate,wemissedourplane.Thestudentshavingdonealltheexercises,theteacherwentontoexplainthetext.Withtheguideleadingtheway,wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,它與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,如:ThemanstandingatthegateismyEnglishteacher.換句話(huà)說(shuō):ThemanisstandingatthegateandheismyEnglishteacher.而過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義,它與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如:thebrokencup,意思是:Someonebrokethecup.或Thecupwasbroken.現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示正在進(jìn)行的或一般的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞則表示過(guò)去的或完成的動(dòng)作。Fallenleaves:leavesthathavefallen.(fallen表示完成的動(dòng)作.)Fallingleaves:leavesthatarefalling.(falling表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.)現(xiàn)在分詞可表示:主動(dòng)的、一般的動(dòng)作。apromisingyoungman:ayoungmanwhopromiseswell有出息、有前途的年輕人apuzzlingproblem:aproblemthatpuzzlespeoplethecomingweek:theweekthatwillcome(現(xiàn)在分詞多數(shù)表示的是所修飾名詞的一種持久性的特點(diǎn)。)主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。adevelopingcountry:acountrythatisdevelopingthesetting/risingsun:thesunthatissetting/rising(現(xiàn)在分詞多數(shù)表示的是所修飾名詞的一種短暫性的特點(diǎn)。)過(guò)去分詞可表示:被動(dòng)的、一般的動(dòng)作。arespectedwriter:awriterwhoisrespected被動(dòng)的、完成的動(dòng)作。thebrokencup:thecupthathasbeenbrokenbeforeboiledwater:waterthathasbeenboiled主動(dòng)的、完成的動(dòng)作。由及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞才有被動(dòng)意義,而由不及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞則不表示被動(dòng),而只表示主動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作。此時(shí),過(guò)去分詞一般表示一種完成的狀態(tài),它們多數(shù)已失去了原動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)。a)fadedcolors:colorsthathavefadedb)departedfriends:friendsthathavedepartedadevelopedcountry:acountrythathasdevelopedamarriedman:amanthathasmarried.詞形變化填空題題型五:動(dòng)名詞1. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)有兩種形式:一種是把動(dòng)名詞置于主語(yǔ)的位置;第二種是用it作形式主語(yǔ),把動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)置于句末,這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用Itisnouse(good)或Itisfoolish,awasteoftime,interesting,nice,better等,如:It‘sawasteoftimetryingtoreasonwithsuchasillyfellow.therebe結(jié)構(gòu)與動(dòng)名詞連用也有兩種形式:一種是therebe+nouse+動(dòng)名詞;另一種是用therebe+no+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),而且后面常帶有賓語(yǔ),如:Thereisnousecryingoversplitmilk.ThereisnosayingwhatJohnwillbedoingnext.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)主要說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容Readingwithoutunderstandingissimplywastingyourtime.2. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ):主要考查動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞,介詞的賓語(yǔ)的用法一般的動(dòng)名詞可作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞只要求動(dòng)名詞作它的賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有:admit,appreciate,avoid,allow,advise,can'thelp,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,favour,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,propose,quit,recall,recollect,can'tstand,resist,risk等,如:Atthecriticalmoment,heconsideredshoutingforhelp.Thisclothwon'tbearwashing.動(dòng)名詞還可作短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),但要注意有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由“動(dòng)詞+to”構(gòu)成,這里的to是介詞,不是不定式的符號(hào),如:Thewayhetalksissimplyintolerable.Iobjecttobeingtreatedlikeachild.Iamusedtogettingupearly.Heislookingforwardtoreceivingareply.3. 有些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同在forget,remember,regret等后面,動(dòng)名詞形式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:DoyourememberbeingintroducedtoProfessorSmith?IshallneverforgetmeetinglatePremierZhouduringhisinspectionofoutfactory.Ibitterlyregrethavingtoldlatethestoryyesterday.try帶動(dòng)名詞形式表示“試一試”;帶不定式表示“設(shè)法”,如:Trypressingthegreenbuttonandseeifthemachinewillstart。Hetriedtowinhisboss‘sfavour.mean帶動(dòng)名詞表示“意味著”;帶不定式表示“企圖、打算”,如:Successmeansworkingveryhard.Johnmeanttodrivethere,buthiscarbrokedown.goon,quit,stop后面的動(dòng)名詞是賓語(yǔ),后面的不定式是目的狀語(yǔ)。Goon后的動(dòng)名詞表示繼續(xù)進(jìn)行原來(lái)的動(dòng)作;后面的不定式表示接著做另一動(dòng)作,如:Hewentonworkinginspiteofthenoisearoundhim.Hegaveusabriefintroductionandwentontoshowusroundthecampus.Quit,stop后的動(dòng)名詞表示停止原來(lái)的動(dòng)作;后面的不定式表示停下去做不定式的動(dòng)作,如Nosoonerhaditstoppedrainingthanpeoplecouldbeseenstrollingalongtheboulevard,orstoppingtoeatordrinkattheoutdoor.demand, deserve,need,requir

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