翻譯碩士英語模擬試卷1題后含答案及解析

翻譯碩士英語模擬試卷1(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.Vocabulary2.ReadingComprehension3.WritingVocabulary1．Thosepeoplewhoare______aremostwelcometothepoliticians.A．credulousB．credibleC．incredibleD．unbelievable對(duì)的答案：A解析：credulous輕信的，容易被騙的。credible可信的。incredible和unbelievable都表達(dá)“難以置信的”。2．Theoldladyhasdevelopeda______coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.A．perpetualB．permanentC．chronicD．sustained對(duì)的答案：C解析：chronic“慢性的”，慣用來形容持續(xù)時(shí)間長的病癥。perpetual永久的，重要指時(shí)間。permanent永久的，持久的，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物固定不變。sustained持續(xù)不變的，強(qiáng)調(diào)不間斷性。3．Muchas______,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.A．IwouldhavelikedtoB．IwouldliketohaveC．shouldhavetolikeD．Ishouldhavelikedto對(duì)的答案：A解析：muchas放在句首，等同于howevermuch，意為“盡管，不管程度多高”。wouldliketo表達(dá)意愿，過去時(shí)為wouldhavelikedto。4．Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical______.A．considerationsB．obligationsC．observationsD．regulations對(duì)的答案：A解析：consideration考慮，要考慮的事情。obligation義務(wù)，責(zé)任。observation注意；觀察力；言論。regulation管理；規(guī)章。5．Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs______italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.A．rendersB．reckonsC．regardsD．relates對(duì)的答案：A解析：render使；致使。reckon猜想，預(yù)計(jì)。regard注意，認(rèn)作。relate講述，敘述。6．Iwon’tseeyouoffattheairporttomorrow,soIwillwishyou______.A．haveagoodjourneynowB．a(chǎn)goodjourneynowC．wouldhaveagoodjourneynowD．tohaveagoodjourneynow對(duì)的答案：B解析：此處wish接雙賓語表達(dá)祝愿。you和agoodjourney同是賓語。7．ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israeli______?A．disasterB．controversyC．confrontationD．a(chǎn)ggression對(duì)的答案：C解析：confrontation對(duì)抗。controversy論戰(zhàn)，辯論。aggression攻打，侵略。8．Thehiddenroomis______onlythroughasecretbackentrance.A．obtainableB．a(chǎn)chievableC．a(chǎn)ttainableD．a(chǎn)ccessible對(duì)的答案：D解析：accessible可達(dá)成的。obtainable能得到的，可到手的。achievable可完畢的，可有成就的。attainable可得到的。9．Thosewhosupportviolenceontelevisionclaimthatithelpstheviewerto______steamandtogetridofhisfeelingsinaharmlessway.A．letoffB．lashoutC．leaveoffD．leakout對(duì)的答案：A解析：letoffsteam宣泄被壓抑的過剩精力或情感。lashout忽然猛擊，激烈抨擊。leaveoff不再穿某物。leakout泄露，透露。10．Weareonthe______ofanewerainEuropeanrelations.A．thresholdB．a(chǎn)dventC．commencementD．departure對(duì)的答案：A解析：threshold(某事物發(fā)生或運(yùn)作的)起點(diǎn)。onthethresholdof即將開始。theadventof(重要時(shí)期的)來臨。commencement開始。11．Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.A．keepupwithB．giveawaywithC．gobackonD．losesightof對(duì)的答案：C解析：gobackon違反(諾言或合同)。keepupwith懂得正在發(fā)生的事情。giveawaywith泄露(秘密)。losesightof無視。12．NicholasChauvin,aFrenchsoldier,airedhisvenerationofNapoleonBonaparteso______andunceasinglythathebecamethelaughingstockofallpeopleinEurope.A．vociferouslyB．patrioticallyC．verboselyD．loquaciously對(duì)的答案：A解析：vociferously喊叫地，吵鬧地。patriotically愛國地。verbosely冗長地，累贅地。loquaciously多嘴地，饒舌地。13．The______companyhasanexcellentreputation-whichisunderstandable,sinceit’sbeeninbusinessfortwentyyearsandhasthousandsofsatisfiedcustomers.A．upstartB．senileC．flourishingD．fledgling對(duì)的答案：C解析：upstart暴發(fā)戶，新貴。senile衰老的。flourishing繁華的，欣欣向榮的。fledgling無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。14．Onemodelisahigh-fashionshowworeahatso______thatithadtobesupportedwithfourpolescarriedbyfourattendants.A．levyB．volumeC．valorousD．voluminous對(duì)的答案：D解析：levy動(dòng)詞，征收(捐稅，罰款等)。volume名詞，體積，容積，容量。valorous勇敢的，勇武的，無畏的。voluminous寬松的，肥大的。15．Therehasbeenagreatdealof______surroundingtheclosureofthehospital.A．discrepancyB．combatC．disparityD．controversy對(duì)的答案：A解析：discrepancy差別，不一致。combat戰(zhàn)斗。disparity懸殊。controversy論戰(zhàn)。16．Thestoutfellowoverthereis______thegreatmagician,CharlieWilliams,himself.A．nootherbutB．noonethanC．nootherthanD．noneotherthan對(duì)的答案：D解析：noneotherthan不是別的，正是。17．Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.A．needn’tdressupB．didnotneedhavedressedupC．didnotneeddressupD．needn’thavedressedup對(duì)的答案：D解析：needn’thavedone對(duì)過去發(fā)生事情的虛擬，表“本不必要，但事實(shí)上卻”之意。18．Duringtheopera’smostfamousariathetempochosenbytheorchestra’sconductorseemed______,withoutnecessaryrelationtowhathadgonebefore.A．tediousB．melodiousC．capriciousD．cautious對(duì)的答案：C解析：capricious變幻莫測的，重復(fù)無常的。tedious單調(diào)乏味的，沉悶的。melodious音調(diào)優(yōu)美的。cautious謹(jǐn)慎的，小心的。19．Childrenandoldpeopledonotlikehavingtheirdaily______upset.A．habitB．practiceC．routineD．custom對(duì)的答案：C解析：routine常規(guī)，固定而有規(guī)則性的程序。habit習(xí)慣，習(xí)性。practice慣常做的事，習(xí)俗。custom習(xí)俗，習(xí)慣。20．Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout______.A．a(chǎn)ccordinglyB．a(chǎn)ccidentallyC．a(chǎn)rtificiallyD．a(chǎn)dditionally對(duì)的答案：B解析：accidentally偶然地，意外地。accordingly因此，從而。artificially人工地。additionally附加地，另外地。21．Courageouspeoplethinkquicklyandactwithout______.A．hesitationB．complaintC．considerationD．a(chǎn)nxiety對(duì)的答案：A解析：hesitation猶豫，猶豫。complaint埋怨，牢騷。consideration考慮。anxiety焦慮，焦慮。22．Inthepreface______mybook,Iexpressmysinceregratitudetoalltheteachersandfriendswhohavebeenofhelptomeduringmythreeyears’lifeintheuniversity.A．onB．forC．toD．in對(duì)的答案：C解析：prefacetoabook書的前言。23．Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflabor-savingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshuman______andbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.A．interactionB．supervisionC．a(chǎn)vailabilityD．disposition對(duì)的答案：B解析：supervision監(jiān)督，管理。interaction互相影響。availability可用性，實(shí)用性。disposition布署；性情，脾氣。24．Ateighto’clockshelaid______whatevershewasdoingtotellthechildrenastorybeforetheywenttobed.A．a(chǎn)wayB．offC．a(chǎn)sideD．outof對(duì)的答案：C解析：layaside擱置；放棄。layaway貯存。layoff辭退；停止雇用。layout擺開，布置。25．Financialinstitutionswillspendhugesums,rollingournationwidenetworksinBritain,France,SpainandperhapsinGermany.Buttheseedsforthemost______growthwillbesowninAmerica,wheremostbankshavebeenslowtoexperimentwithdigitaldollarsuntilnow.A．spectacularB．splendidC．specifiedD．specialized對(duì)的答案：A解析：該句體現(xiàn)“最引人注目的投資將會(huì)在美國”之意。spectacular引人注目的，杰出的。splendid華麗的，壯麗的，輝煌的。specified具體的。specialized專門的，專科的。26．Ofallthingsbanishthe______outofyourconversation,andneverthinkofentertainingpeoplewithyourownpersonalconcernsofprivateaffairs.A．egotismB．selfishnessC．conscienceD．consciousness對(duì)的答案：A解析：egotism自我中心。selfishness自私自利。conscience良心，道德心。consciousness意識(shí)，知覺。27．TheactorwithwhomIplayedthescene______formebeautifully,whisperingtheopeningwordsofeachofmylines,asdidothersinsubsequentscenes.A．coveredupB．brokeupC．madeupD．stirredup對(duì)的答案：A解析：coverupforsb為某人掩蓋錯(cuò)誤或隱瞞罪行等。breakup解散，崩潰。makeup構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成。stirup惹起麻煩等。28．I’mafraidtheresultofthecomingelectionisa______conclusion.A．foregoneB．foreseenC．predictableD．prospective對(duì)的答案：C解析：predictable可預(yù)知的，預(yù)料中的。foregone先前的，過去的。foreseen預(yù)見的。prospective將來的，盼望中的。A，B，D三項(xiàng)都未體現(xiàn)出預(yù)知的“可能性”這一含義。29．Ashetookhisfootofftheclutchtheear______forwardandthepassengerwasalmostthrownthroughthewindscreen.A．lurchedB．swirledC．staggeredD．wobbled對(duì)的答案：A解析：lurch忽然或無規(guī)則地傾斜。stagger蹣跚。wobble擺動(dòng)，不穩(wěn)定。swirl打漩，盤繞。30．Hethumbedthroughtherose______toseeiftherewasanythinghefanciedforhissouth-facingwall.A．brochureB．catalogueC．pamphletD．booklet對(duì)的答案：B解析：catalogue目錄。brochure涉及推銷材料或產(chǎn)品信息的冊子。pamphlet不裝訂的小本出版物。booklet小冊子。ReadingComprehensionTheincreaseinleisuretime,thehigherstandardofliving,theavailabilityofcarstoawiderrangeofthepopulationand,perhaps,abroadeningofpersonalhorizonshaveallcontributedtoadrasticchangeinthesummerweek-endhabitsoftheBritishpubliC.Now,onmostSaturdaysinthemonthslooselycalledsummer,itispossibletoseefamilysaloonsloadedwithpicnicsandcrammedtoburstingwithseveralgenerationsofpleasure-bentSmiths’.Likecompetitorsinsomegrosslydisorganizedrally,theynosetheirwaythroughtheneatdrabstreetsofcouncilestates,convergingonthemainroads,thencrawlasbesttheycanoutintotheopencountryandtowardsthecoast.Congestionandthefrustrationofwastingprecioustimeatthereceivingendofsomeoneelse’sexhaustfumesgetsthepursuitofenjoymentofftohadstart;tempersbecomefrayed.Children,traditionallythetargetforfathers’ill-humor,aresingledoutforspecialtreatment.Thepastweek’smisdeedsareunearthedandmagnifiedoutofallreasonableproportion;mothersleaptotheirbroods’defenseand,beforelong,vowsthatneveragainwillthisoutingberepeatedarebeinghurledbackandforth.Ofcourse,bythistime,thechildrenhavewiselyextractedthemselvesfromtheargumentandarequietlyamusingthemselvesbylookingattheirirateeldersorgapingattheunfamiliarsightofanimalsinfields,oftensomuchstrangertothemthanthecorrespondingnakedshapestheyarewonttoseeinbutchers’windows.Eventually,temperspartiallyrestored,theseaisinsight.Theparaphernaliaofenjoymentissetuponteemingbeach,sandmysteriouslyappearsineverysandwich,paleindustriallegsareexposedinself-consciousnakedness.Thechildrendriftaway,quitecapableoffindingenoughmagicinthisexciting,wateryworldtooccupythemfullyuntiltheyaregatheredinagain.Fathersandmothers,andquitepossiblysomemembersofapreviousgeneration,settlebacktoreceivethesunanddreamawaythetensionsbroughttoaclimaxbythejourney.Fatherseyewithfurtivelustfulnessandmothersglarewithdisapprovalandenvyastheshapelymatronsoftomorrowsplashandplayandracecoquettishlyaroundthem,sprayingwaterandsandanddisturbinganyhopesofpeace.Atlengththeshadowsdropandchillintheairbringsanendtotheidyll.Thelobsterskinispainfullycoveredupandtheday’sdebrishalf-heartedlycollected.Thefamilyisroundedupandthebriefdreamstroddenintothesandalongwiththewastedpaper.31．Thewritersuggeststhattempersbecomefrayedbecause______.A．therearetoomanycarelessdriversontheroadsB．therearetoomanycarsontheroadsC．thecarsarecrowdedD．thechildrenareirritating對(duì)的答案：B解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句呵知，“交通擁擠以及把貴重時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在接受別人車輛的尾氣上帶來的挫敗感使得追求愉快變成了糟糕的開始”，從而造成tempersbecomefrayed“脾氣煩躁”，由此可判斷因素足路上車太多。32．Howdothefathersreactwhenangry?A．Theystopthechildrenmisbehaving.B．Theycomplainaboutthechildren’swrongdoing.C．Theyareeasytoquarrelwiththemothers.D．Theyshoutattheirwives.對(duì)的答案：B解析：第二段第二句講的是孩子普通是父親發(fā)泄怒氣的目的。第三句仍然描述父親的行為，把孩子上周犯的錯(cuò)重新挖出來并放大。33．Whatdotheyfindwhentheyfinallystop?A．Therearesandwichstallserectedthere.B．Therearefactoryworkerssunbathing.C．Thebeachisverycrowded.D．Thebeachiscoveredwithalotofparaphernali對(duì)的答案：C解析：第三段teeming，every等詞暗示沙灘上的人密密麻麻。34．Whyaremothersliabletogivedisapprovinglooks?A．Theyresenttheirhusbands’admirationoftheintruders.B．Theyareangryatbeingdisturbedwhentheywantpeaceandquiet.C．Theyhaven’tyetrecoveredfromtheeffectsofthejourney.D．Theyarejealousbecausethesepeopleareinbettershapethantheyar對(duì)的答案：A解析：第四段提到Fatherseyewithfurtivelustfulness。丈夫以色迷迷的眼光鬼鬼祟祟地看別的人，因此妻子不樂意。35．Whentheypreparetoleave,they______.A．carefullypackawaythelobsterstheyhavecaughtB．putplastersontheplaceswheretheyhavebeenhurtC．coverovertheirdebriswithwastepaperD．dresscarefullytoavoidanyfurtherirritation對(duì)的答案：D解析：從最后一段可知thelobsterskin被coveredup而非packedaway；plasters和hurt在文中并未提及。thedebris被collected而非coveredwithwastepaper。wastedpaper是被troddenintothesand。dress在此處可理解為“整頓”。Everymarketactivityisaninvestmentintime,energyandmoney.Fewcompanieswouldspendalargesumofmoneyon,say,apurchaseofcapitalequipmentwithoutafullinvestigationintowhyitisneeded,thechoicesavailable,andtheexpectedreturnonwhathasbeenspent.Yeteveryyearthevastmajorityofcompaniesinvestalargeamountofmoneyinmarketingactionswithoutknowingwhattheirfinancialworthtothecompanyorlikelyreturnwillbe.Byintroducingthedisciplinesarisingfrommarketplanning,acompanyshouldbeabletoensurethatthecostsofmarketingplanningshowareasonablereturnandarecalculatedinthesamewayasallotherbusinessinvestments.Manymanagersbelievethatthecostsofmarketingformanadditionalexpensethathastobeacceptedinordertoselltheirgoods.Whilstitistruethatmanycompaniesusecertaintoolsofmarketingforthispurpose,itisalsotruethatthemostsuccessfulcompaniesacceptmarketingasanessentialpartofthecompany’stotalcommercialoperation,foritisanessentialcostinthesamewayasproductionorfinance.Companiesoftenavoidplanningmarketingproceduresindetailbecauseoftheeffortneededtoexpresstheirforwardpolicyinawrittenform.Managerscommonlyconsiderthattheirtimeistoovaluabletospendonanythingotherthanurgentoperationalproblems.Infact,themanagerwhospendshistimeondealingwithcurrentadministrativedetailisalmostcertaintohaveignoredproperplanninginthepast.For,ifproperlyprepared,themarketingplanwillcontainsufficientdetailsofthecompany’spolicyandoperationalstrategyfortheworktobedonebyanassistant.Asthemanyalternativecoursesofactionareprogrammed,theassistanttakesanyactionsordecisionswhichareappropriate.Onlyunusualsituationsneedbedealtwithbythemanager.Thefirststepinpreparingamarketingplanisthatofproducingtheinformationnecessaryfordecisionmaking.Usually,acompanywillhavewithinitsownadministrationandcontrolsystemtherawmaterialnecessaryfortheplan’sfoundations.Inaddition,thereisplentyofpublishedinformationwhichismadeavailablebygovernmentdepartments,institutionsandthepress.Marketingresearchisyettobefullyexploitedbythemajorityofcompanies.Ithassofaronlybeenusedbycompaniesthathaverecognizedthattheirexistinginformationsourcesareinadequate.Becauseofthescaleofoperationsthatnowconfrontsthetypicalbusinessman,itisessentialthatinvestmentdecisionsarebaseduponrelevantinformation,soreducingthebusinessrisk.Foramarketing-orientedactivitytoproducelastingresultstheentireoperationhastobesystematicallyplanned.Byproducingbasicinformationinwrittenformandestablishingaimsforthefuture,thecompanyiscreatingstandardsagainstwhichactualperformancecanbemeasureD.Documentationofdetailedpolicyactionsthenprovidesthebasisforcontrollingthecompany’soperation.Futuretrendsmaybepredictedthroughtheinvestigationofallfactorslikelytoinfluencecompanyresults.36．Theamountofmoneyspentonmarketingbymostcompanieseachyear______.A．equalstheamountspentoncapitalequipmentB．doesnotgiveagoodreturnontheinvestmentC．isnotbasedonanassessmentofitspotentialvalueD．isviewedbythesecompaniesasanimportantbusinessinvestment對(duì)的答案：C解析：從第一段第三句“Yeteveryyearthevastmajorityofcompanies...orlikelyreturnwillbe.”可知諸多公司小懂得做市場營銷能給公司帶來什么樣的金融價(jià)值或回報(bào)，即他們做的市場營銷不是基于對(duì)其潛在價(jià)值的評(píng)定，故選C項(xiàng)。37．Managersusuallyregardthecostsofmarketingas______.A．somethingwhichincreasesthecostofgoodsB．helpfulbutnotessentialtoacompany’ssuccessC．lessimportantthaninvestmentinproductionD．a(chǎn)nunnecessaryextrabusinesscost對(duì)的答案：A解析：由“Manymanagersbelievethatthecostsofmarketingformanadditionalexpense”可知許多經(jīng)理認(rèn)為營銷成本是一項(xiàng)額外耗費(fèi)，即增加了商品的成本。背面又說“許多成功運(yùn)行的公司視營銷為重要的投資手段”，故可排除其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。38．Whyaremarketingplansnotwrittendownbymanymanagers?A．Theydonothavetimetodoit.B．Theyknowitwouldbedifficulttodo.C．Theyneverfollowanyparticularmarketingplan.D．Theydonotthinkitisreallynecessary對(duì)的答案：D解析：第三段談到Managerscommonlyconsiderthattheirtimeistoovaluabletospendonanythingotherthanurgentoperationalproblems.“經(jīng)理們普遍認(rèn)為他們的時(shí)間貴重，與其把時(shí)間花在這些緊急的操作問題上，還不如花在任何其它事情上故意義。”他們并非沒有時(shí)間，因此選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤，他們認(rèn)為沒必要寫營銷計(jì)劃才是根本因素，故選項(xiàng)D對(duì)的。39．Goodmarketingproceduresallowamanager______.A．totakedifferentcoursesofactionB．todolessworkthanothersC．toavoidunforeseenproblemsD．togivemoreresponsibilitytoothers對(duì)的答案：B解析：根據(jù)第三段最后三句“ifproperlyprepared...needbedealtwithbythemanager.”可知如果準(zhǔn)備充足，常規(guī)工作都可交由助手做，經(jīng)理只需解決特殊狀況，即經(jīng)理做的工作就比其別人少了。故選B。40．Howshouldamanagerbeginwritingamarketingplan?A．Bydoingmarketresearchoutsidethecompany.B．Bylookingatinformationproducedbyothercompanies.C．Byanalyzingproceduresalreadyusedbythecompany.D．Byfindinginformationfrommanydifferentsources.對(duì)的答案：D解析：從第三段“Thefirsternmentdepartments,institutionsandthepress.”可知準(zhǔn)備營銷計(jì)劃的的第一步就是從公司內(nèi)部、政府部門、機(jī)構(gòu)和新聞界收集需要的信息。選項(xiàng)A、B和C均只是其中的首先，不夠全方面，只有選項(xiàng)D對(duì)的。Inadditiontourgetoconformwhichwegenerateourselves,thereistheexternalpressureofthevariousformalandinformalgroupswebelongto,thepressuretobacktheirideasandattitudesandtoimitatetheiractions.Thusoururgetoconformreceivescontinuing,evendailyreinforcement.Tobesure,theintensityofthereinforcement,likethestrengthoftheurgeandtheabilityandinclinationtowithstandit,differswidelyamongindividuals.Yetsomepressureispresentforeveryone.Andinonewayoranother,tosomeextent,everyoneyieldstoit.Itispossiblethatanewmemberofatemperancegroupmightobjectthegroup’srigidinsistencethatalldrinkingofalcoholicbeveragesiswrong.Hemightevenspeakout,remindingthemthatoccasional,moderatedrinkingisnotharmful,thateventheBiblespeaksapprovinglyofit.Butthegroupmayquicklylethimknowthatsuchideasareunwelcomeintheirpresence.Everytimeheforgetsthis,hewillbemadetofeeluncomfortable.Intime,ifhevaluestheircompanionshiphewillavoidexpressingthatpointofview.Hemayevenkeephimselffromthinking.Thiskindofpressure,whetherspokenorunspoken,canbegeneratedbyanygroup,regardlessofhowliberalorconservative,formalorcasualitmaybe.Fridaynightpokerclubs,churches,politicalparties,committees,fraternities,unions.Theteenagegangthatstealsautomobileaccessoriesmayseemtohavenotaboos.Butletoneuneasymemberremarkthatheisbeginningtofeelguiltyabouthiscrimesandtheirwrathwilldescendonhim.Similarly,inhighschoolandcollege,thecrowdastudenttravelswithhascertain(usuallyunstateD)expectationsforitsmembers.Iftheydrinkorsmoke,theywilloftenmakethememberwhodoesnotdosofeelthathedoesn’tfullybelong.Ifamemberdoesnotsharetheirviewsonsex,drugs,studying,cheating,oranyothersubjectofimportancetothem,theywillcommunicatetheirdispleasure.Thewaytheycommunicate,ofcourse,maybemoreorlessdirect.Theymaytellhimhe’dbetterconform“orelse”.Theymaylaunchateasingcampaignagainsthim.Ortheymaybeevenlessobviousandleavehimoutoftheiractivitiesforafewdaysuntilheaskswhatiswrongordecidesforhimselfandresolvestobehavemorelikethem.Theurgetoconformonoccasionconflictswiththetendencytoresistchange.Ifthegroupweareinadvocatesanideaoractionthatisnewandstrangetous,wecanbetornbetweenseekingtheiracceptanceandmaintainingthesecurityoffamiliarideasandbehavior.Insuchcases,thewaywetunawilldependonwhichtendencyisstrongerinusorwhichvaluewearemorecommittedto.Moreoften,—however,thetwotendenciesdonotconflictbutreinforceeachother.Forwetendtoassociatewiththosewhoseattitudesandactionsaresimilartoourown.41．Thewritermostprobablydiscusses______inthepreviouspartofthetext.A．a(chǎn)dvantagesthatconformitybringsusB．internalurgewehavetoconformwithothersC．thedefinitionofconformityD．thenecessityofconformity對(duì)的答案：B解析：從第一段的“Inadditiontourgetoconformwhichwegenerateourselves,thereistheexternalpressure...”“除了我們本身產(chǎn)生的順應(yīng)別人的推動(dòng)力以外，尚有外在的壓力……”能夠得出作者在此之前討論的是B“順應(yīng)別人的內(nèi)在推動(dòng)力”42．Youmayexperienceexternalpressuretoconform______.A．whenyouconcealyourpointsofviewB．fromthetimewhenyouwerebornC．whenyouropinionsaredifferentfromthoseofthegrouptowhichyoubelongD．whenyoufacesomethingnew對(duì)的答案：C解析：第二段舉出了一種例子：一種禁酒組織的新組員可能由于不贊成這個(gè)組織嚴(yán)格堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為全部的飲酒行為都是錯(cuò)誤的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)而提出異議，但團(tuán)體會(huì)讓他很快懂得這種不同的觀點(diǎn)是不受歡迎的。因此能夠得出答案C“當(dāng)你的意見和你所屬的團(tuán)體意見不同時(shí)”，你會(huì)感到順應(yīng)大勢所帶來的外部壓力。43．Atemperancegroupis______.A．a(chǎn)norganizationthatadvocatesdrinkingofalcoholicbeveragesB．a(chǎn)norganizationthaturgespeopletostopdrinkingalcoholicliquorsC．a(chǎn)norganizationinwhichallmembershavenotaboostodrinkalcoholicbeveragesD．a(chǎn)norganizationinwhichalldriversarenotallowedtodrinkalcoholicliquors對(duì)的答案：B解析：“temperance”的意思為“節(jié)欲，戒灑，禁酒”，如果不清晰這個(gè)詞的意思也能夠從第二段的“thegroup’srigidinsistencethatalldrinkingofalcoholicbeveragesiswrong”“這個(gè)組織嚴(yán)格堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為全部的飲灑行為都是錯(cuò)誤的”，因此，不難選出答案B“禁酒組織是一種激勵(lì)人們停止飲酒的紕織”。44．Ifyourefusetogiveupyourideaswhicharedifferentfromtheothersinthegroupyoubelongto,______.A．youwillbetomapartbytheothersB．theirwrathwilldescendonyouC．youwillgraduallybedesertedbythemD．youwillresolvetobehavemorelikethem對(duì)的答案：C解析：從第二段和第三段的兩個(gè)例子能夠看出，當(dāng)你回絕放棄自己的與集體不同的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，“hewillbemadetofeeluncomfortable”“theirwrathwilldescendonhim.”，大家會(huì)“讓他感到不安”或“用憤怒攻擊他”。因此，選C項(xiàng)“你會(huì)漸漸被他們所疏遠(yuǎn)?！?5．Themaintopicofthistextis______.A．theexternalpressurewhichurgesustoconformwithothersB．boththeinternalandexternalurgewehavetoconformwithothersC．theurgeandthetendencyforustoconformwithothersD．thegenerationoftheexternalurgeforustoconformwithothers對(duì)的答案：A解析：結(jié)合整篇文章內(nèi)容，抓住核心詞中心句：第一段的第一句話，就能夠得出整篇文章重要講的就是選項(xiàng)A“促使我們順應(yīng)別人的外在壓力”。TheoreticalphysicistsusemathematicstodescribecertainaspectsofNature.SirIsaacNewtonwasthefirsttheoreticalphysicist,althoughinhisowntimehisprofessionwascalled“naturalphilosophy”.ByNewton’serapeoplehadalreadyusedalgebraandgeometrytobuildmarvelousworksofarchitecture,includingthegreatcathedralsofEurope,butalgebraandgeometryonlydescribethingsthataresittingstill.Inordertodescribethingsthataremovingorchanginginsomeway,Newtoninventedcalculus.Themostpuzzlingandintriguingmovingthingsvisibletohumanshavealwaysbeenthesun,themoon,theplanetsandthestarswecanseeinthenightsky.Newton’snewcalculus,combinedwithhis“LawsofMotion”,madeamathematicalmodelfortheforceofgravitythatnotonlydescribedtheobservedmotionsofplanetsandstarsinthenightsky,butalsoofswingingweightsandflyingcannonballsinEngland.Today’stheoreticalphysicistsareoftenworkingontheboundariesofknownmathematics,sometimesinventingnewmathematicsastheyneedit,likeNewtondidwithcalculus.Newtonwasbothatheoristandanexperimentalist.Hespentmanylonghours,tothepointofneglectinghishealth,observingthewayNaturebehavedsothathemightdescribeitbetter.Theso-called“Newton’sLawsofMotion”arenotabstractlawsthatNatureissomehowforcedtoobey,buttheobservedbehaviorofNaturethatisdescribedinthelanguageofmathematics.InNewton’stime,theoryandexperimentwenttogether.Todaythefunctionsoftheoryandobservationaredividedintotwodistinctcommunitiesinphysics.BothexperimentsandtheoriesaremuchmorecomplexthanbackinNewton’stime.TheoristsareexploringareasofNatureinmathematicsthattechnologysofardoesnotallowustoobserveinexperiments.ManyofthetheoreticalphysicistswhoarealivetodaymaynotlivetoseehowtherealNaturecompareswithhermathematicaldescriptionintheirwork.Today’stheoristshavetolearntolivewithambiguityanduncertaintyintheirmissiontodescribeNatureusingmath.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,Newton’smathematicaldescriptionofmotionusingcalculusandhismodelforthegravitationalforcewereextendedverysuccessfullytotheemergingscienceandtechnologyofelectromagnetism.Calculusevolvedintoclassicalfieldtheory.Onceelectromagneticfieldswerethoroughlydescribedusingmathematics,manyphysicistsfeltthatthefieldwasfinished,thattherewasnothinglefttodescribeorexplain.Thentheelectronwasdiscovered,andparticlephysicswasborn.Throughthemathematicsofquantummechanicsandexperimentalobservation,itwasdeducedthatallknownparticlesfellintooneoftwoclasses:bosonsorfermions.Bosonsareparticlesthattransmitforces.Manybosonscanoccupythesamestateatthesametime.Thisisnottrueforfermions,onlyonefermioncanoccupyagivenstateatagiventime,andthisiswhyfermionsaretheparticlesthatmakeupmatter.Thisiswhysolidscan’tpassthroughoneanother,whywecan’twalkthroughwalls—becauseofPaulirepulsion-theinabilityoffermions(matter)tosharethesamespacethewaybosons(forces)can.Whileparticlephysicswasdevelopingwithquantummechanics,increasingobservationalevidenceindicatedthatlight,aselectromagneticradiation,traveledatonefixedspeed(inavacuum)ineverydirection,accordingtoeveryobserver.ThisdiscoveryandthemathematicsthatEinsteindevelopedtodescribeitandmodelitinhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,whencombinedwiththelaterdevelopmentofquantummechanics,gavebirthtotherichsubjectofrelativisticquantumfieldtheory.Relativisticquantumfieldtheoryisthefoundationofourpresenttheoreticalabilitytodescribethebehaviorofthesubatomicparticlesphysicistshavebeenobservingandstudyinginthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.ButEinsteinthenextendedhisSpecialTheoryofRelativitytoencompassNewton’stheoryofgravitation,andtheresult,Einstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativity,broughtthemathematicscalleddifferentialgeometryintophysics.GeneralrelativityhashadmanyobservationalsuccessesthatproveditsworthasadescriptionofNature,buttwoofthepredictionsofthistheoryhavestaggeredthepublicandscientificimaginations:theexpandingUniverse,andblackholes.Bothhavebeenobserved,andbothencapsulateissuesthat,atleastinthemathematics,brushupagainsttheverynatureofrealityandexistence.Relativisticquantumfieldtheoryhasworkedverywelltodescribetheobservedbehaviorsandpropertiesofelementaryparticles.Butthetheoryitselfonlyworkswellwhengravityissoweakthatitcanbeneglected.Particletheoryonlyworkswhenwepretendgravitydoesn’texist.GeneralrelativityhasyieldedawealthofinsightintotheUniverse,theorbitsofplanets,theevolutionofstarsandgalaxies,theBigBangandrecentlyobservedblackholesandgravitationallenses.However,thetheoryitselfonlyworkswhenwepretendthattheUniverseispurelyclassicalandthatquantummechanicsisnot