201906四級真題（第一套）

2019年6PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,areallowed30minutesanewsreportyourcampusnewspaperonavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUnionassistelderlypeopletheneighborhood.Youshouldatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,hearthreenewsreports.theendofeachnewsreport,willhearorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afterhearaquestion,mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1asinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonnewsreportyouhaveheard.1.A)setarecordbeswimmingandfromanisland.celebratedninthbirthdayonaisland.visitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.D)HeswamaroundanislandnearFrancisco.2.A)doubledthereward.cheeredhimonallthesethimanexample.D)HehadtheeventcoveredonQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreporthavejustheard.3.A)endtheone-childpolicy.encouragelatemarriage.increaseworkingefficiency.peopletravel.4.A)Theynotbewelcomedbyyoungpeople.Theyhelppopularizeearlymarriage.C)TheyboostChina’seconomicgrowth.D)Theynotcomeintoimmediateeffect.Questions57arebasedonthenewsreporthavejustheard.5.A)Cleaningservicegreatdemandallovertheworld.ladiesgivingupwell-paidjobsdocleaning.newcompanycleanupthemessafterparties.D)Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends.6.A)takesalotofprepare.Itleavesthehouseamess.makespartygoersexhausted.D)Itcreatesnoiseandmisconduct.7.A)anAustralianlawyer.theandCanada.C)Settlealegaldispute.D)Expandtheirbusiness.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,hearlongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,hearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionsbespokenonlyonce.Afterhearaquestion,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedABC)andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1alinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedonconversationyouhaveheard.8.A)Hehadadrivinglesson.Hehisdriver’slicense.tookthedriver’stheoryexam.D)Hepassedthedriver’sroadtest.9.A)Hewasnotwellprepared.Hedidnottheexamtime.wasnotusedthetestformat.D)Hedidnotfollowthetestprocedure.10.A)Theyaretough.Theyarecostly.C)Theyarehelpful.D)Theyaretooshort.11.A)Passhisroadtestthefirsttime.Test-driveafewtimesonhighways.C)Findanexperienceddrivinginstructor.D)Earnenoughmoneyfordrivinglessons.Questions1215arebasedontheconversationhavejustheard.12.A)Wherethestudies.TheacceptancerateatLeeds.Leeds’tuitionforinternationalstudents.D)Howapplyforstudiesatauniversity.13.A)ApplyanAmericanuniversity.Doresearchonhighereducation.C)Performafamousmusical.D)Pursuepostgraduatestudies.14.A)favorablerecommendations.outstandingmusicaltalent.academicexcellence.uniqueexperience.15.A)Doamaster’sdegree.SettledownEngland.Travelwidely.D)Teachoverseas.SectionCDirections:thissection,hearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionsbespokenonlyonce.Afterhearaquestion,mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1alinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonpassageyouhaveheard.16.A)Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasescheck.Manyspeciesunknownscientists.Onlyafewspeciescausetroublehumans.D)Theyliveincrediblywell-organizedcolonies.17.A)Theyarelargerthanmanyotherspecies.Theycancausepeople’shomes.Theycansurvivealongwithoutwater.D)Theylikeformcolonieselectricalunits.18.A)Denythemaccessanyfood.Keepdoorsandwindowsshut.DestroytheircoloniescloseD)Refrainfromeatingsugaryfood.Questions1921arebasedonthepassagehavejustheard.19.A)Thefunctionofthehumanimmunesystem.Thecauseofvariousauto-immunediseases.Thevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmunesystem.D)Thechangepeople’simmunesystemastheyolder.20.A)Reporttheirillnesses.Offerbloodsamples.Actasresearchassistants.D)Helpinterviewpatients.21.A)Strengtheningpeople’simmunityinfection.Betterunderstandingpatients’immunesystem.Helpingimproveoldpeople’shealthconditions.D)Furtherreducingoldpatients’medicalexpenses.Questions2225arebasedonthepassagehavejustheard.22.A)studentshadtroublegettingoneachother.Alotofkidsstayedatschooldotheirhomework.studentswerestrugglingfollowhislessons.D)Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafterschool.23.A)achessteamNashville.Jointheschool’schessteam.Participateanationalchesscompetition.D)Receivetrainingforachesscompetition.24.A)Mostofthemfromlow-incomefamilies.Manyhavebecomenationalchesschampions.Acoupleofthemhaveinvolvedcrimes.D)Manybecamechesscoachesaftergraduation.25.A)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.Translatetheirwordsintoaction.D)Takeactionbeforetoolate.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereatenblanks.Youarerequiredselectonewordforeachblankfromaofchoicesgivenawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicethebankidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2alinethroughthecentre.Younotuseanyofthewordsthebankthanonce．ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas26__fromDetroitSiliconwhereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina27___productionbackDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced28___thatcouldtheirstatethebestplacethecountry,nottheworld,developself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.“Michigan’s29___autoresearchanddevelopmentunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesire30___ourleadershiptransportation.can’tlethappen”,SenatorKowall,thelead31___offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould32___asubstantialupdateofMichigan’s2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingvehicleslimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedsendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand33___ofself-drivingcars,theoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersMichiganclearlywantthestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In34___,California,homeofSiliconrecentlyproposedfarmore35___rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadythewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.A)bidcontrastdeputyD)dominancefleetsknotsG)legislationH)migratedI)replaceJ)representrestrictiverewardsignificantN)sponsorO)transmittedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,aregoingreadapassagetenstatementsattachedeachstatementcontainsinformationgivenoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationderived.Youchooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphmarkedaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100A)TodaytheUnitedStatesthereare72,000centenarians（百歲老人）.Worldwide,Probably450,000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamilliontheUSalone.AccordingtheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,50%ofbabiesborntheUS2007haveaexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlytheholdsfortheUK,Germany,France,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpectlive107.Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedhealthandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedsaddressButalsoimportantlookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhensopeoplelivefor100years.Itamistakesimplyequatelongevity(長壽)issuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofOurviewthatpeoplearelivingforlonger,andarehealthierforlonger,thenthisresultaninevitableredesignofworkandlife.Whenpeoplelivelonger,theyarenotonlyolderforlonger,butalsoyoungerforlonger.Theretruththesayingthatthenew60”or“40thenew30.”Ifslowlyoveralongerperiod,thenaresenseyoungerforlonger.D)Butthechangesfurtherthanthat.forinstance,theatwhichpeoplecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingmarried,havingchildren,orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterlife.1962,50%ofAmericansweremarriedby21.2014,thatmilestone(里程碑)hadshifted29.therearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefactorsurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoinglivelonger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.believelivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewofareemergingforthosetheirtwenties.Longevityalsopushesbacktheofretirement,andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes,unlesspeoplearepreparedalotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatarenowyourmid-40s,thenarelikelyworkuntilyourearly70s;andareyourearly20s,therearealchanceneedworkuntilyourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenpeopleareableeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityharmfulcognitive(認(rèn)知的)andemotionalvitality.ManypeoplemaysimplynotwantdoG)Andthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersappealing.Justlengtheningthatsecondoffull-timeworkmaysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife,butsuchpersistentworkinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleassetssuchasproductiveskills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.H)Thetrueforeducation.impossiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredchildhoodandearlyadulthood,beablesupportasustained,60-yearcareer.factortheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillsunnecessary,oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill,atpointtheirlife,haveanumberofreinvestmentstheirskills.I)Itseemsthen,thatthetraditionalthree-stageevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orovenmoredifferentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.onethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,anotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,anotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmoreorbecominganindependentproducer,anotheronmakingasocialcontribution.Thesestagesspansectors,peopledifferentcities,andprovideFoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.J)Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedsabbaticals(休假)aspeoplefindthemrestandrechargetheirhealth,re-investtheirrelationships,orimprovetheirskills.Attimes,thesebreaksandtransitionsbeself-determined,atotherstheybeforcedasexistingroles,firms,orindustriesceaseexist.KAmulti-stagehaveprofoundchangesnotjusthowmanageyourcareer,butalsoyourapproachlife.AnincreasinglyimportantskillbeyourabilitydealchangeandevenwelcomeAthree-stagehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagehasThatwhybeingself-aware,investingbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopennewideasevenmorecrucialskills.L）Thesemulti-stagelivescreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecausetherearesoofsequencingthestages.stagespossiblesequences.M）thisvarietytheendofthecloseassociationofandstage.Inathree-stagelife,peopleleaveuniversityattheandtheage,theytendstarttheircareersandfamilyattheage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroughlythetime,andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyearsofeachother.Inamulti-stagelife,couldbeanundergraduateat20,40,or60;amanagerat30,50,or70;andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.N）Currentstructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andsocialnormsareoutoftunetheemergingrealityoflongerlifespans.Thethree-stageoffull-timeeducation,followedbycontinuousandthencompleteretirementhaveworkedforourparentsorevengrandparents,butnotrelevanttoday.believethatfocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingmissfullimplications.Longevitynotnecessarilyaboutbeingolderforlonger.Itaboutlivinglonger,beingolderlater,andbeingyoungerlonger.33336.Anextendedlifespanthefutureallowpeoplehavemorecareersthannow.7.Justextendingone’scareerhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.8.Nowadays,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebyeightyears.9.Becauseoftheirlongerlifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternofoftheirparentsorgrandparents.44440.Manymorepeoplebeexpectedliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.1.Alongercauseradicalchangespeople’sapproachlife.2.Fasttechnologicalchangemakesnecessaryforoneconstantlyupgradetheirskills.3.Manypeoplenotwantretireearlybecausewoulddoharmtheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.444.Thecloselinkbetweenandmayceaseamulti-stagelife.5.Peoplelivingalongerandhealthierhaverearrangetheirworkandlife.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesthissection.Eachfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements.eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2asinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonfollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓約,couplespromisestaytogethersicknessandhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusband—becomesseriously“Marrieddiagnosedaserioushealthconditionfindthemselvesstrugglingtheimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Attheofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset（發(fā)生）offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendeddivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic（慢性的）illnessonsetincreasedoveraswill,morehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems.“foundthataredoublyvulnerablemaritalbreak-upthefaceofillness,”Karrakersaid.“They’relikelybewidowed,andthey’rethenoeswhothey’relikelydivorced.”thestudydidn’tassesswhydivorcemorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsseriouslyKarrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.“Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmanydifficultforprovidecaresickspouses,”Karrakersaid.“Andbecauseoftheimbalancemarriagemarkets,especiallyolderages,divorcedhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorcedwomen.”Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce.“Offeringsupportservicesspousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,”shesaid.it’salsoimportantrecognizethatthepressuredivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesneedadditionalcareandservicespreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.”46.Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagefromthepassage?A)Theynotguaranteealastingmarriage.Theyareasbindingastheyusedbe.Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.D)Theyhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.47.WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?A)Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerableseriousillnesses.Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D)Theyaremorelikelycontractseriousillnessesthantheir48.WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwhofallA)Theyaremorelikelybewidowed.Theyarelikelydivorced.Theyarelesslikelyreceivegoodcare.D)Theyarelesslikelybothertheirspouses.49.WhydifficultforcareoftheirsickspousesaccordingKarraker?A)Theyaremoreaccustomedreceivingcare.TheyfindmoreimportantmoneyfortheTheythinkurgentfulfilltheirsocialobligations.D)Theyexpectsocietydomoreofthejob.50.WhatdoesKarrakerthinkalsoimportant?A)ReducingmaritalstressonStabilizingoldcouples’relations.Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D)Makingpayfortheirwives’healthcosts.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonfollowingpassage.Ifwerelikemostchildren,probablyupsetwhenyourmothercalledbyasibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?meanshelovedless?Probablynot.Accordingthefirstresearchtacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthefamiliarpeopleouracommoncognitive(認(rèn)知的)errorthathasdohowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineAprilthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe“wrong”namenotrandombutinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancethemistake,psychologistDavidRubin,“butdoestelluswho’sandwho’soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparateofmorethan1,700people.Someof