行星及月球英文版

OverviewThisonlinelessonsconsistsofthechaptersTheSolarSystemThePlanetsMoonsPlanetsofotherstarsMoreinformation:Links第一頁第二頁，共24頁。TheSolarSystemWhatistheSolarSystem?IntheUniverse,

theSolarSystemisourhomeland,

andtheEarthisourhometown.第二頁第三頁，共24頁。TheSolarSystemTheSolarSystemconsistsof

thesuninitscentrenineplanets,

circlingaroundthesunmoonsasteroidsandcomets.第三頁第四頁，共24頁。TheSolarSystemHowdidtheSolarSystemevolve?Scientistsarequitesure,thatinthebeginningofourSolarSystemtherewasahugediscofdirt,rocks,gas,iceetc.Inthemiddleofthisdisc,theSunformeditselfandbegantoglow.Insomedistancesfromthecentre,theplanetsemergedfromtheseringsofdirt,rocksandgas.第四頁第五頁，共24頁。TheSolarSystemHowlargeisourSolarSystem?TheorbitonwhichPluto(thefarthestplanet)circlesthesun,hasanaveragediameterof5.910.000.000km(Pluto‘sorbitisrathernon-circular).Thesunitself,thelargestobjectinourSolarSystemhasadiameterof1.392.520km.第五頁第六頁，共24頁。TheSolarSystemHowcanIimaginethesesizesanddistances?ImaginetheSolarSystembeingasoccerground(about100mlong).Thesunwouldbeaglaringorangeinthecentre.Plutowouldencirclethesunattheedgeofthesoccerground,havingthesizeofadustparticle.TheEarthwouldbe1,30mawayfromthe“orange“,havingthesizeofasesameseed.第六頁第七頁，共24頁。TheSolarSystem第七頁第八頁，共24頁。ThePlanetsMercuryistheplanetthatisclosesttoourSun.Plutoisthefarthest.Remembertheorderoftheplanetslikethis:MyVeryEducatedMotherJustShowedUsNinePlanets whichmeansMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunPluto第八頁第九頁，共24頁。MercuryWhatareMercury‘sfeatures?secondsmallestplanetnearesttothesunoneMercury-yearisaquarterEarth-yearMercuryisverydifficulttobespottedwiththenakedeyeMercuryhasnomoons第九頁第十頁，共24頁。VenusWhatareVenus‘features?itisamediumsizedplanet,2.5timesaslargeasMercurysecondnearesttothesunVenusisverywellvisibletothenakedeye,alwaysclosetothesunbeforesunriseoraftersunsetVenushasnomoons第十頁第十一頁，共24頁。EarthWhatareEarth‘sfeatures?itisamediumsizedplanet,abitlargerthanVenus(probably)theonlyplanetwithliquidwaterinourSolarSystemtheEarthhasonemoon(probably)theonlyplanetwithintelligentlifeinourSolarSystem第十一頁第十二頁，共24頁。MarsWhatareMars‘features?itisasmallsizedplanet,halfaslargeasEarthMarsiswellvisibletothenakedeyeMarshastwomoons:PhobosandDeimosMarshasbeenvisitedbyroboticvehicles:

Pathfinder,SpiritandOpportunitythequestionfor(former)lifeonMarsisstillunsolved第十二頁第十三頁，共24頁。JupiterWhatareJupiter‘sfeatures?itisthelargestplanetoftheSolarSystem,

morethan1.300EarthscouldfitinsideJupiteriswellvisibletothenakedeyeTheGreatRedSpotonitssurfaceisagiantstormaswideasthreeEarthsJupiterhas63moons!(thelargestareIo,Callisto,GanymedeandEuropa)第十三頁第十四頁，共24頁。SaturnWhatareSaturn‘sfeatures?itisthesecond-largestplanetoftheSolarSystem,onlyabitsmallerthanJupiterSaturniswellvisibletothenakedeyethefamousringscanbeseenwithsmalltelescopesSaturnhasatleast34moons!(recentlyaprobelandedonJupiter‘smoonTitan)第十四頁第十五頁，共24頁。UranusWhatareUranus‘features?itismediumsizedplanetoftheSolarSystemitisquitefarawaybutstillcanbespottedwithsmalltelescopeslikeSaturn,UranushasasystemofringsSaturnhasatleast27moons第十五頁第十六頁，共24頁。NeptuneWhatareNeptune‘sfeatures?itismediumsizedplanetoftheSolarSystem,onlyalittlebitsmallerthanUranusitisquitefarawaybutstillcanbespottedwithsmalltelescopesNeptunehasfourringsandatleast13moons第十六頁第十七頁，共24頁。PlutoWhatarePluto‘sfeatures?itisthesmallestplanetofourSolarSystemSincePlutoisfarawayandsosmall,youneedamedium-sizedprofessionaltelescopeoragoodamateurtelescopetospotit.NooneknowswhatPlutolookslike–it‘stoofarawayandtoosmall.Thepictureinthebackgroundisanartist‘srendition.Plutohasonemoon:Charon第十七頁第十八頁，共24頁。MoonsWhataremoons?Moonsarelikelittleplanetsthatencircletherealplanets.Usually,theyaremuchsmallerthanplanets.Planetscanhavenomoons(likeMercuryandVenus),onemoon(likeEarth)oruptoaverylargenumberofmoons(e.g.63forJupiter).第十八頁第十九頁，共24頁。MoonsPhobosandDeimosPhobosandDeimosareMars‘companions.Phobosmeans“fear“,Deimosmeans“panic“.MarsitselfhasbeennamedfortheRomanGodofWar.Theyarequitesmall(<15km)andlookratherlikepotatoesthanlikemoons.第十九頁第二十頁，共24頁。MoonsIo,Callisto,GanymedandEuropaThesefourmoonsarethebiggestmoonsofJupiter.Theycanbeseenwithsmalltelescopesorevenwithbinoculars.EuropaIo第二十頁第二十一頁，共24頁。PlanetsofotherstarsAretheremoreplanetsintheUniverse(exceptfortheonesintheSolarSystem)?Yes,thereareotherplanets,so-calledextra-solarplanets.

Butitisverydifficulttospotthem,sincetheyarefarfaraway.第二十一頁第二十二頁，共24頁。PlanetsofotherstarsHowcanplanetsofotherstarsbespotted?Therearetwomainwaysthatastronomerssearchfortheseplanets:Ifyouobserveastarveryaccuratelywithspecialinstruments,youmay