2021屆上海市高考壓軸卷英語聽力

絕密★啟封前

KS5U2021上海市高考壓軸卷

英語

考生注意：

1.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分150分。

2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第I卷（第1一12頁）和第II卷（第13頁），全卷共13頁。

所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。

答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反而清楚地填

寫姓名。

第I卷供103分）

ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.5minutes.B.10minutes.C.15minutes.D.25minutes.

2.A.Atschool.B.Inashop.C.Inarestaurant.D.Athome.

3.A.Exciting.B.Well-paid.C.Boring.D.Tough.

4.A.Abusdriver.B.Ahouseagent.C.Adeliveryman.D.Asalesperson.

5.A.Thefilmtowatch.B.Thecoursetoattend.

C.Thelanguagetolearn.D.Theoptiontoabandon.

6.A.Heshouldworkharder.B.HeshouldnJtturndowntheoffer.

C.Heshouldn'tloseheart.D.Heshouldbeenvironmentallyconscious.

7.A.Expressheropinionsmoreclearly.

B.Makeanothercopyofherpaper.

C.Correctsomegrammaticalerrors.

D.Indicatethesourcesofthequotesinherpaper.

8.A.Themandoesn,tknowifthereissuchamachine.

B.Themachineisontherightsideoftheentrance.

C.Themachinemaynotbefunctioningproperly.

D.Thewomancanfindthemachinebyfollowingthesigns.

9.A.Thenewshoesareworthatry.

B.Hethinksshoppingisawasteofmoney.

C.Hedoesn,twanttogiveanycommentsontheshoes.

D.Theshoesarenotsuitableforthewoman.

10.A.Moredoctorsshouldbedoingresearch.

B.Heisonthewaytobecomingadoctor.

C.Anewmedicaltreatmentisavailablesoon.

D.Hehasalreadytriedthenewmedicine.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralpassagesandlongerconversations,aftereachpassageor

conversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperand

decidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。

11.A.Disability.B.Sickness.C.Pressure.D.Unemployment.

12.A.Becausehehastwokids.B.Becausehedoesn*tliketowork.

C.Becausehiswifeisbusy.D.Becausehemakeslessmoneythanhiswife.

13.A.Sharingfeelingsofanxiety.

B.Feelinglonelyandshortoffriends.

C.Facingworriesabouttheirself-worth.

D.Missingthehappytimewithformercolleagues.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。

14.A.Toemphasizethedisadvantagesoffastfashion.

B.Tocriticizefashionindustryforitsfastdevelopment.

C.Tointroducesomestrategiesforchoosingdailydress.

D.Toadvocateanenvironment-friendlyconceptofclothes.

15.A.Thestylesoftheclothesoftenchangerapidlywiththetime.

B.Theclothesoftencopythestylesoffamousdesignerbrands.

02/27

C.Anumberofunfashionableclothesareburntorgointolandfill.

D.Creatingsuchclothesusuallywastealargeamountofenergy.

16.A.Itisregardedasthesymboloffastfashion.

B.Itisanagreeabletrendinthefashionindustry.

C.Itisverypopularthankstomassiveproductivity.

D.Itismadebyenvironment-friendlyartificialmaterials.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

17.A.Thewaytogetaproperpromotion.

B.Thereasontosetanexampleforthestaff.

C.Thekeyelementsofacapablesupervisor.

D.Thedamagethatproblememployeesmaycause.

18.A.Hecan,tgetalongwellwithothers.

B.Heisnotgoodattrainingpeople.

C.Heisnotfamiliarwithmarketing.

D.Helacksrelevantexperience.

19.A.Heisgoodatcoachingpeople.

B.Hehasworkedindifferentteams.

C.Hecanfindpotentialproblememployees.

D.Hecandisciplinepeoplewithoutbeingmean.

20.A.Fullyunderstandhisresponsibility.

B.Workhardandgetalongwellwithothers.

C.Qualifyemployeestobereadyforchanges.

D.Understandthevaluesandgoalsofthecompany.

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

??Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperform,ofthegiven

word;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ScientistsconfirmedMondaythataskeleton(骷髏)foundunderacarparkintheEnglishcityofLeicester

wasthatofKingRichardIII,inaweirdendtoa500-year-oldmystery.

DNAfromthebones21.(match)thatofexistinggenerationoftheking'ssisterandtheskeletonhadthe

battleinjuriesconsistent22.contemporaryaccounts.

Theremainsoftheking,viewedasoneofEnglishhistory'sworstguys,willbereburiedlaterinthelocal

church.

Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidenceaboutaruler

whoselife23.(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumours(謠言)concerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeath

attheBattleofBosworthin1485.

Accordingtohistoricalaccounts,Richard'sbodywastransportednakedandbloodyonthebackofapack

horsetoLeicesterbeforebeingburiedinanunmarkedgraveatGreyfriars,aFranciscantempleinthecentral

Englishcity.

ThenthecrownpassedtotheTudorrulerswhopaintedRichardasanuglybadguywhostoppedat24.in

hispursuitofpower,evenmurderinghistwoyoungnephews,theso-calledPrincesintheTower,25?(secure)the

power.

Thehuntforhisbodybeganyearsagowhenarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)startedtodigbeneaththemunicipal

caipark26.thekingwassupposedlyburied.Theyfinallyfoundtheskeleton.

OnMondayarchaeologistssaidtheskeletonconfirmedthatthekinghadsevereinjuryinthebackbone.It

mayhavebeenpainfulandcausedhisrightshouldertoappearhigherthanhisleft,buttherewasnoevidenceof

thedeformedarm27.(mention)inShakespeare^^RichardIIF\

HistoriansnowhopetoclearsomeofthemythsaboutRichard,28.(publicize)evidencetoargueagainstthe

claimthathekilledthetwoyoungprinces.Theyintendtofocuson29.Richardachievedinhisbrieftwo-year

ruling,includingtheestablishmentofasystemoflegalaid.

AccordingtoPhilippaLangley,amemberoftheRichardIIISociety,30.cruelRichardIIIappearedtobein

thepast,anewimagewillemergeoftheking."WehavesearchedfbrRichardandwehavefoundhim.Nowit's

timetohonourhim,,,shesaid.

SectionB

??Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.financialB.implementedC.supportD.roughlyE.assignedF.immediate

G.contributingH.practiceI.purchaseJ.disadvantagedK.supplying

Stockingtheshelves

Whenyougotoagrocerystore,youexpecttopayforyourgoodswithmoney.Butstudentsatahighschool

inTexas,US,openedastorethatrunsongooddeeds.

04/27

InNovember,studentsfromLindaTuttHighSchoolinthecityofSangerlaunchedagrocerystorethat

enablesstudentsto31.necessitiessuchastoiletpaper,meatandbasicfooditemsusingapointsystem.Thestore

aimstosupportfamiliesinneed.

“Inourschooldistrict,thereare32.2,750studentsenrolledandthroughoutthedistrict,43percentofthese

studentsareconsideredeconomically33.JAnthonyLove,principalofLindaTutttoldCNN."About3.6percent

ofourstudentsareconsideredhomeless.Wethoughtitwasimportantto34.themandtheirfamiliesandmakesure

theyhadfoodonthetable.”

Studentsearnpointsby35.positivelytotheschool.Forthosestudentsfrompoorfamilies,thepointsystem

hasprovidedawayfbrthemtoshopfbrtheirfamilies,accordingtoLove."Theycanearnpointsfordoingchores

aroundthebuildingorhelpingtoclean,hesaid.

WiththehelpofpartnerslikeTexasHealth.AlbertsonsandFirstRefugeMinistries,theschoolwasableto

stocktheshelves.

Thenumberofpointsforeachitemwasactually36.bythestudents.t4Sowewalkedthroughhereand

decidedthatacanofgreenbeanswasonepoint,9,saidPaulJuarez,theexecutivedirectorofFirstRefuge

Ministries.

Juarezsaidthathehopestheideagets37.inotherareas.4<Itgivesusapictureofwhatcanbe.Soifwecan

dothisinsideotherschools,itwilldoawholelottohelpothersmalltowns.^^

Inadditiontothe38.benefits,studentsalsolearnaboutsupplymanagementandcustomerservice,andsuch

lessonscouldpreparethemforfuturejobs.

Thegrocerystore'sstudentmanager,HunterWeertman,saidhehasalreadylearnedimportantlifeskillsfrom

hisexperienceatthestore,suchasmakinggoodspendingchoicesandbudgeting.

Thestore39.wasalsowelcomedbyThomasMuir,Sangersmayor."Weallhadourfirstjobsandittaughtus

howtowork,andwhatyougotfbryourwork,^^hesaid."Ithinkthiswilldothatforthemtoo,andalsomeet

an40.need."

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

???Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fill

ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Manythingshappenwhenpeopleareageing.Apartfromthegreyinghairandwrinkledskin,thereisa(n)__

41changewhichcomeswitholderage.Whenhumansreachtheirlateryears,theyfavourmorelong-term__

42andtheirsocialcireleisreduced.

Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesame43inanotherspecies.

Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees（猩猩）revealthatoldermaleschoosetokeepcontactwiththeir___

44friendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.

Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocial_

45of21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps'46

dependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomed（梳毛）them.Theythenrated（分類）the

variouspairingsasmutual（相互的）friendships,wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship;47

friendships,whereonechimpwasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneither

chimpshowed48theother.

Whenthescientistslookedatthe49offriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmore

mutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Another50seeninolder

humanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsof51graduallybecomeless,

meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtothreatenothersintheirgrouplessoften.

Theobservationshavelefttheresearchers52.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownas

socio-emotionalselectivitytheory,olderhumansprefermore53relationshipsbecausetheyareawarethat

timeisrunningout.Howevermanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzees54thehumansenseof

mortality（死亡）,suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.

RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidinhumans,the___

55socialcircleswithageisduetodecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedbylack

ofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal（5M

的）relationshipswithtrustedpartners,hesaid.

41.A.physicalB.intellectualC.emotionalD.functional

42.A.habitsB.friendsC.tasksD.ideas

43.A.problemB.obstacleC.struggleD.behaviour

44.A.establishedB.respectiveC.experiencedD.thoughtful

45.A.skillsB.reputationsC.interactionsD.positions

46.A.intelligenceB.relationshipsC.popularityD.performances

47.A.easy-goingB.warm-heartedC.self-relyingD.one-sided

48.A.respectforB.couragetoC.interestinD.loyaltyto

49.A.patternsB.importanceC.meaningsD.development

06/27

50.A.instinctB.disadvantageC.featureD.belief

51.A.responsibilityB.aggressionC.reliabilityD.advancement

52.A.delightedB.amusedC.relivedD.puzzled

53.A.unknownB.positiveC.insecureD.senseless

54.A.lackB.obtainC.imitateD.abandon

55.A.absencefromB.isolationfromC.decreaseinD.distinctionin

SectionB

Direction：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

sattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording

totheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

JessicaReindahlhadbigdreamsgrowingupasanonlychildinamilitaryfamily-shewantedtofly,serveher

countryand,finally,helppeople.

“IwantedtoflybecauseIjustlovedtheexcitementtogetoff-deckandintheair,“Reindahlsays."Iwanted

toservemycountrybecauseIwantedtobeapartofsomethingbiggerthanallofus.,,

U.S.dahfsfirsttwodreamscametrueduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.Reindahlworkedasa

flightengineeronnavalaircraftsince2007.“Ikepttheplanereadytoflybothonthegroundandintheair,“

Reindahlsays.

WhileintheMiddleEast,ReindahlmetanursewhoflewintheNavy."Isawhowdevotedandpresentthey

werewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditcompletelyinspiredme,"Reindahlsays."Fromthatday,IknewI

wantedtobeanurse.”

Whensheleftactivedutyin2016,ReindahlappliedtoUW-EauClaireforanursingdegree.Andherfinal

goalwillbeachievedthismonthwhenshegraduates.

“Iwanttogiveback,“Reindahlsays."Ilovelearningaboutscience,andifthatcansavealife,ormakethe

worldbetter,thenIwanttohelp.^^

Dr.MeganLagunas,assistantprofessoroftheCollegeofNursingandHealthSciences,regardsReindahlas

someonewhowillbeanassettothenursingprofession,"Jessica^differentbackground^^allowshertobringher

ownperspective(視角)tonursingschoolwhichpositivelychallengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentsto

thinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,Lagunassays."Thenursingprofessionisluckytohaveher.^^

56.WhydidJessicaReindahlwanttofly?

A.Becauseshelikedthefeelingofflying.B.Becauseshewantedtoservehercountry.

C.Becauseshedecidedtofollowherfather.D.Becauseshemeanttogivebacktoothers.

57.WhatinspiredReindahltobeanurse?

A.Herdifferentbackground.B.Herexperiencewithanurse.

C.Herdevotiontohercountry.D.Herprofessor'sencouragement.

58.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anasset”inParagraph7referto?

A.Aluckyperson.B.Alearnedperson.C.Avaluableperson.D.Apowerfulperson.

59.WhatcanweteamfromReindahl'sstory?

A.Likefather,likeson.B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.

C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

(B)

GrandCanyonNationalPark

LocatedentirelyinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverandadjacentuplands.

Oneofthemostspectacularexamplesoferosionanywhereintheworld,GrandCanyonisunmatchedinthe

incomparablevistasitofferstovisitorsontherim.GrandCanyonNationalParkisaWorldHeritageSite.

ParkOpeningsandClosings

TheVillageandDesertViewontheSouthRimareopenallyearandparkentrancesremainopen24hoursa

day.NorthRimfacilitiesopenmid-Mayandclosemid-October.Parkentrancesremainopen24hoursadayduring

thistime.Hoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesvarythroughouttheyear.

ParkInformation

TheparkproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsamapand

informationaboutservices,facilities,andparkrangerprograms.ItisavailableinFrench,German,Japanese,

Italian,Spanish,Korean,andChinese.Ahikingbrochureisavailableforthoseplanningtohikeoneofthepark's

maintrailsdownintoGrandCanyon.Obtainpublicationsatentrancestations,visitorcenters,or

//136ojl.

Accessibility

ManyofthefacilitiesatGrandCanyonarehistoricandbuiltbeforecurrentaccessibilitystandardswereset.

Theterrainisruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusingwheelchairsorhavingvisual

impairmentsmayneedassistance.FormoreinformationaboutaccessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,see

/lrtxl2.

ParkEntranceFees

Feescollectedsupportprojectsinthepark.Admissiontotheparkis$35perprivatevehicle;$30per

08/27

motorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkviaGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttlebus,privateraftingtrip,

walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysandincludesbothrims.Payfeesatparkentrance

stationsoratsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.

Forcompletefeeinformation,includingAnnual,ActiveMilitary,Senior,andAccesspasses,visit

/y5uu6f.

Sustainability

GrandCanyonNationalParkincorporatessustainabilityintoallaspectsofitsoperations.Useyourrefillable

waterbottletofilluponfreeGrandCanyonspringwateratmajortrailheads,visitorcentersandgrocerystores.

Pleaserecycle-recyclingcontainersareconvenientlylocatedandascommonastrashbins.Discoverwhatelse

youcandotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletravelinghereandbeyondat/lb2rzt.

60.Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescanfinddetailedinformationonparkfacilitiesdesignedforthembyvisiting

A./y5uu6fB./lrtxl2

C./136ojlD./lb2rzt

61.Whatistheadmissionfeeifyouandyourparentsplantogoonaten-dayvacationtoGrandCanyonNational

Parkbydrivingacar?

A.$35.B.$60.C.$70.D.$120.

62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Visitorshaveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.

B.HikerswhocanonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRimwithoutaninterpreter.

C.TheGrandCanyonfeaturesisoneoftheworld'smostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.

D.VisitorsareforbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainsustainability.

（C）

Aseismic（地震的；重大的）shiftinclimatesciencemightbeheatingup.

Newresearchshowsthatsoundwaves,producedbyearthquakescanbeusedtomeasuretemperaturesinthe

oceanwhichtraps90%oftheheatEarthabsorbsfromthesun,makinglong-termchangesinoceanwarmth,a

majorfactorinhowtheworldmightrespondtoglobalwanning.

ForyearsthemainapproachofmeasuringoceantemperaturehasbeenArgo,anarray（陣歹U）of4000

automaticfloats,whichdriftstheglobe,samplingoceanwaterandmeasuringitstemperature.YetArgo

measurementsstopat2000meters.

Thenewtechniquecalled“SeismicOceanThermometry"，wouldbeespeciallyusefulindetectinglong-term

changesinoceantemperaturesdeeperthanArgo'sreach.

“OceanAcousticTomography"，thebasisforthecurrentresearch,wasfirsttestednearly30yearsago.The

initialstudiescreatedsoundwavesartificially,basicallyincreasingthevolumeongiantunderwaterspeakers.

Scientistsmeasuredthesound'straveltimefromthespeakerstoreceiversthousandsofkilometersaway.Because

oceantemperaturesaffectthespeedofthewaves,theresearcherscouldcalculateaveragetemperaturesalongtheir

paths.Butsomebelievedthenoisewasathreattooceanlifeandthetechniquenevertookoff.

Thenewstudyinsteadusesanaturalsoundsourceforinvestigation：earthquakesmakingalow,continuous

noisebeneaththeseaflooroffthecoastofSumatrathatdrumupsoundwavesintheocean.Ontheshoresofthe

ChagosIslandsintheEastIndianOcean,between2005and2016SeismicStationDiegoGarciarecordedseismic

wavesproducedbythoseearthquakes.Someofthosewavescreatedphysicalchangesinlandandseaasthey

traveled.OthersweresoundwavesorTwavesthatmovedthroughthedeepocean,deliveringvaluabledataabout

oceantemperature.

12yearsofdatacoupledwithmathematicalmodelspointedtoatemperaturechangeofroughly0.044

degreesperdecade,atrendlargerthanthosepredictedbyArgo.ThefindingssuggestthatSeismicOcean

Thermometryisafeasiblemethodtomeasurechangesinoceantemperature.Furtherdatafromotherregionsof

theglobeandothertimeframeswouldhelpimprovethewarningmodelsandpredictions.

Andinfuturestudiestheresearchersplantolistendirectlyforsoundwaves,usinganetworkofhydrophones,

microphoneswhichdetectsoundwavesunderwater.Soundwavessetthetoneforadeepdiveintoourwarming

oceanseveniftheyfailtoreach60000milesunderthesea?

63.WhatdisadvantagedoesArgohave?

A.Itsreachislimited.B.Ittakeslongtocollectsamples.

C.Itdoesn'tworkglobally.D.Itspredictionisn'treliableatall.

64.ItcanbelearnedthatOceanAcousticTomography.

A.wastestedmanytimesbutneversucceeded

B.remainedunpopularforfearofpotentialharm

C.wasassumedtobetoocomplicatedtobecontrollable

D.measuredoceantemperaturejustasthenewresearchdoes

65.Itcanbeinferredfromthenewfindingsthat.

A.somewarmingisworkingitswaydeeperintotheocean

B.oceantemperatureisrisingfasterowingtoearthquakes

C.soundtravelsfasterincolderwaterthaninhotterwater

10/27

D.soundwaveswillslowdownthewarmingoftheocean

66.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SoundWavesFirstAppliedtoClimateScience.

B.NewFactorsFoundtoBeHeatinguptheOcean.

C.ANaturalApproachHoldingBackGlobalWarming.

D.Ocean'sHiddenHeatMeasuredwithEarthquakeSounds.

SectionC

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentenceslistedbelow.Eachsentencecanonlybeused

once.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.

A.Overthecourseoffivedecadestheirguidelineshavebecomewidelyacceptedworldwide.

B.Theawarenessofanimalprotectioncontributestothedeclineofthenumber.

C.Humanvolunteersmustbeabletoreplacemonkeysmoreandmoreinthenext10to20years.

D.Newexperimentaltechniqueshelptopushnumbersdown.

E.ltssupporterspointtothelonglistofmedicaladvancesmadepossiblewiththehelpofanimal

research.

F.Thenumberoftheanimalsusedinresearchisstillconsiderable.

WillExperimentationonAnimalsEnd?

Oneofthemostdebatableissuesinscienceistheuseofanimalsinresearch.Scientistsexperimenton

animalsfordifferentreasons,includingbasicresearchtoexplorehoworganismsfunction,investigatingpotential

treatmentsforhumandisease,andsafetyandqualitycontroltestingofdrugs,devicesandotherproducts.

67.However,opponentsbelieveitiscruelandmeaningless,asobservationsinanimalsoftendonottranslate

directlytohumans.

In1959,WilliamRussellandRexBurchproposedtheir"3Rs"guidelinesfbrmakingtheuseofanimalsin

scientificresearchmorehumane:restricttheuseofanimals;refineexperimentstominimizedistress;andreplace

testswithalternativetechniques.68.Around29millionanimalsperyeararecurrentlyusedinexperimentsinthe

U.S.andEuropeansUnioncountries.Thisislessthanhalfthetotalinthemid-1970sasignificantdrop.

69.Improvementsinimagingmethodsthatofferalookinsidethebodiesofanimalsallowscientiststoget

moreandbetterdatafromeachexperimentthanbefore.

Forexample,researcherspreviouslyhadtodoexperimentswithmultiplemiceatdifferentstagesofcancer

development,butnowtheycanwatchthediseasedevelopinasinglelivinganimalusingadye.Similarly,as

brain-imagingtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,somequestionsthatwereaddressedwithexperimentsin

monkeysbeforemaybebetteransweredbylookingintothehumanbrainnow."70."saysLarryCarbone,asenior

veterinarian^^)attheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco.

SectionD

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

HerbalMedicine

NothinginmylifehadpreparedmeforwhatIhadtodo.Choosingmywordscarefully,andfightingtostay

calm,Itoldmy4-year-olddaughterthathergrandmotherhadsufferedastroke（中風），thatshewasunconscious,

andthatthedoctorssaidshewouldprobablyneverwakeup.Asshemovedclosertome,Amelialookedatme,

eyesbright,andsaid,"MaybeGrandmawillbeokay.”"MaybesheIsaid,keepingbackthetears,ButI

knewbetter.IwasflyinguptoMyrtleBeach,SouthCarolina,fromourFloridahomeinthemorningtosay

good-byetomymom.

Therestofthatawfulweek,Ijoinedmybrotherandfathersittingbymymother'ssideinthehospitalroom.I

heldherhandandtalkedtoher.Itoldherthatwestillneededher.Itoldherthatitwas