河南省周口市項(xiàng)城市5校聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

英語(yǔ)全卷滿分150分,考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)、考生號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題的答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhenwillthemanseeLucia?A.ThisThursday.B.ThisFriday.C.NextMonday.2.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Takehersuitcasein.B.Holdtheliftforher.C.Takecareofhersuitcase.3.WhatwillThomasdothisweekend?A.Throwabirthdayparty.B.Visitanoldfriend.C.Goonatrip.4.Whydoesthemanapologizetothewoman?A.Heservedwrongfood.B.Heoverturnedadrink.C.Hemistookherforawaitress.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Asong.B.Musictrends.C.Acomposer.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.WhydoesAmymakethephonecall?A.Toaskforadvice.B.Toarrangeacontest.C.Tosignupforacourse.7.HowmightAmyfeelnow?A.Confident.B.Annoyed.C.Anxious.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whereisthewoman’sbrothernow?A.Onabus.B.Inataxi.C.Inarestaurant.9.Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A.Roastingtheturkeythemselves.B.Pickinguptheturkeyinperson.C.Callinguptherestaurantforhelp.聽第8段材料,回答第10至13題。10.Whoateupthejam?A.Jim.B.Jim’sfather.C.Jim’smother.11.Whatwillthespeakershaveforbreakfast?A.Eggsandbacon.B.Pancakesandjam.C.Bananasandmilk.12.HowsoonisJim’sfathersupposedtomeetthem?A.In11minutes.B.In22minutes.C.In37minutes.13.Whatwillthespeakersdothisafternoon?A.Gofishing.B.Pickupafriend.C.Attendaconference.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14.WhatjobisDavidapplyingfor?A.Anelectricalengineer.B.Asystemsengineer.C.Aprojectengineer.15.WhatisamustforDavid’sdesiredposition?A.Skillsindevelopingapplications.B.Adegreeincomputerengineering.C.Hands-onprogrammingexperiences.16.WhatmattersmoretoDavidinajob?AGoodsalaries.B.Aniceatmosphere.C.Roomforadvancement.17.WhatistherelationshipbetweenJuliaandDavid?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.Teacherandstudent.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.WhenwasSteveHenneberryborn?A.In1963.B.In1969.C.In1979.19.WhathappenedtoStevein1989?A.Hestartedamagazine.B.HewontheMr.Americatitle.C.Hebegantopursuehisactingcareer.20.WhatdoesSteveowehissuccessto?A.Goodluck.B.Long-termcommitment.C.Hisrealisticgoals.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheMermaidsHouse,HistoricOldTownKeyWest2bedrooms1bathroomguestsnightsminimumRentalHomeFencedinwithlargeprivatequietyard.Hundred-year-oldtreestorelaxunder.Ihavemaintainedthe1865feelandnotreallychangedthelayoutmuch,justmodernizedhertomakehercomfortableandyetkeepherhistoric.Fullyfurnished(配備家具的).Centralair-conditioningandHeat.Inwalkingdistancetoallmajorattractions,1/2blockfromDuvalStreetyetprivateandquiet.HouseRulesPetsarenotpermittedhere.Wedonotallowguestsundertheageof25.Ifchildrenareaccompaniedbyadults,pleasenotethatthehouseisnotchildproof.WeloveourcigarshereinKeyWestandprovideashtrays(煙灰缸)outsideforthispurpose.SoPLEASE,nosmokingindoors.GettingAroundKeyWesthasjuststartedanextremelygoodservicewhichisjust1.5blocksfromSeasidePlace.ItiscalledtheLoop(環(huán)線)Bus.ItstopsatUnitedandDuval,soyouwouldgooutofthehouseandgorighttoDuvalStreetandthebuscanbecaughtthere.Whenyougetonthebus,askforaroutemap.CancellationPolicy100%refundwithin24hoursafterbooking(providedthestayisatleast60daysaway).Norefundavailableoncebookingisconfirmed.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheMermaidsHouse?A.Itkeepsitsoldstyle. B.Itcanbeaccessedeasily.C.Itoffersaformalatmosphere. D.Ithasthemostmodernconveniences.2.WhichisahouseruleintheMermaidsHouse?A.Adultsunder25. B.Nochildren.C.Largepetsforbidden. D.Indoorsmokingprohibited.3.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertise. B.Toinform.C.Tocomment. D.Toentertain.【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了租住位于歷史古城基韋斯特的MermaidsHouse的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RentalHome部分中的“Ihavemaintainedthe1865feelandnotreallychangedthelayoutmuch,justmodernizedhertomakehercomfortableandyetkeepherhistoric.(我保持了1865年的感覺，并沒有真正改變布局，只是使她現(xiàn)代化，讓她舒適，但保持她的歷史。)”可知，MermaidsHouse維持著1865年的感覺，其布局并沒有太多改變，雖然有現(xiàn)代化的舒適感，但依然保持著她的歷史性，因此她仍有舊式的風(fēng)格。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HouseRules部分中的“WeloveourcigarshereinKeyWestandprovideashtrays(煙灰缸)outsideforthispurpose.SoPLEASE,nosmokingindoors.(我們喜歡基韋斯特的雪茄，所以在外面提供煙灰缸。所以，請(qǐng)不要在室內(nèi)吸煙。)”可知，這里煙灰缸提供在外面，室內(nèi)不允許吸煙。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的標(biāo)題“TheMermaidsHouse,HistoricOldTownKeyWest(基韋斯特歷史老城的MermaidsHouse)”可知，本文介紹了位于基韋斯特的MermaidsHouse，結(jié)合下文中的RentalHome部分介紹的外部環(huán)境、內(nèi)部裝修布置，HouseRules部分講述的租住規(guī)則，GettingAround部分介紹的周邊交通以及CancellationPolicy部分介紹的預(yù)訂客房的退款事宜等可知，這是一則關(guān)于MermaidsHouse的租賃信息，其目的在于做廣告宣傳，吸引更多游客前來(lái)租住。故選A項(xiàng)。BVelcro?isahook-and-loop(粘扣的)devicethatiscommonlyfoundonawiderangeofproducts,suchasshoes,jackets,andalotofotherequipmentinoffices,kitchensandgarages.It’salsothenameofthecompanythatoriginallycreatedthe“thing”generallyknownasVelcro?.GeorgedeMestral,aSwisselectricalengineer,istheinventorofVelcro?.HowhecametotheideaofactuallymakingthisthingthatwecallVelcroisatrulyincrediblestory.Onefinemorningin1948,Mestralwentforawalkwithhisdog.Afterreturningfromthewalk,hefoundthatsomeseedsgotstucktothedog’sfur.However,theman’sattentionwasturnedtohisowntrousers,wheremanysimilarseedswerealsoattached.Uponcloserexamination,heobservedthatthereweremanysmallhooksintheseedsthatstuckfirmlytotheloopsinthefabricofhistrousers.ThefirstideaforwhatwouldeventuallybecomeVelcrostruckhimlikeaflashoflightning.Ifhecouldartificiallyrecreatethesamething,bymakingpairsofhooks-and-loopsthatsticktoeachotherfirmly,thentherewouldbealmostnoneedtotiethingsupallthetimetosecurethem,norwouldzippers(拉鏈),whichwerequitepopularinthosedays,benecessaryanylonger.HedecidedtocalltheproductheformedVelcro?.Likemanyinventions,Velcro?alsofacedagreatdealofcriticism,butMestralstoodbyhisdesignandcontinuedtomakestructuralchangestoenhanceitsbondingstrength.HeworkedwithaFrenchmantocomeupwithaperfecthook-and-loopdevice.MestralpatentedVelcro?in1955.Velcrodidn’tdotoowellinitially;muchofthatwasduetoitslackofaesthetic(美學(xué)的)appeal.Itcameindullcolorsandoftenlookedquiteunattractive.Butsoon,evenNASAhelpedtoboostVelcro?’simagebyusingitinalotofequipmentthatwentintospacealongwithastronauts.4.WhatdoweknowaboutVelcro??A.It’sanestablishedshoebrand. B.It’sarequireddeviceinkitchens.C.It’sanature-inspiredinvention. D.It’sahookcommonlyusedinoffices.5.HowdidthepublicreacttoVelero?initially?A.Theypaidnoattentiontoit. B.Theywerehighlycriticalofit.C.Theythoughtittotallyuseless. D.Theyapplaudeditsappearance.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesGeorgedeMestral?A.Innovative. B.Demanding.C.Competitive. D.Courageous.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Afamousinventor. B.Aremarkablecreation.C.Anunexpecteddiscovery. D.Anunforgettableexperience.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了瑞士的一名工程師GeorgedeMestral，在一個(gè)清晨帶著自己的狗外出散步，回家后發(fā)現(xiàn)一些草籽粘在狗的毛皮和他的褲子上，他觀察后發(fā)現(xiàn)這種草籽的結(jié)構(gòu)可以緊緊粘在其褲子的布料上，由此受到啟發(fā)，發(fā)明了魔術(shù)貼，并將其注冊(cè)為商標(biāo)的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Onefinemorningin1948,Mestralwentforawalkwithhisdog.Afterreturningfromthewalk,hefoundthatsomeseedsgotstucktothedog’sfur.However,theman’sattentionwasturnedtohisowntrousers,wheremanysimilarseedswerealsoattached.(1948年一個(gè)晴朗的早晨，Mestral帶著他的狗去散步。散步回來(lái)后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一些種子粘在了狗的皮毛上。然而，這名男子的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了自己的褲子，褲子上也貼了許多類似的種子。)”可知，GeorgedeMestral是在清晨遛狗的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)有草籽粘在狗身上和自己的褲子上，由此受到啟發(fā)，從而發(fā)明了魔術(shù)貼，由此可推斷，Velcro?是一個(gè)受自然啟發(fā)的發(fā)明。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Likemanyinventions,Velcro?alsofacedagreatdealofcriticism,butMestralstoodbyhisdesignandcontinuedtomakestructuralchangestoenhanceitsbondingstrength.(像許多發(fā)明一樣，Velcro?也面臨著大量的批評(píng)，但Mestral堅(jiān)持他的設(shè)計(jì)并繼續(xù)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)更改以提高其粘合強(qiáng)度。)”可知，一開始魔術(shù)貼受到了大眾強(qiáng)烈的批評(píng)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Likemanyinventions,Velcro?alsofacedagreatdealofcriticism,butMestralstoodbyhisdesignandcontinuedtomakestructuralchangestoenhanceitsbondingstrength.HeworkedwithaFrenchmantocomeupwithaperfecthook-and-loopdevice.(像許多發(fā)明一樣，Velcro?也面臨著大量的批評(píng)，但Mestral堅(jiān)持他的設(shè)計(jì)并繼續(xù)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)更改以提高其粘合強(qiáng)度。他與一位法國(guó)人合作，發(fā)明了一種完美的鉤環(huán)裝置。)”和“Butsoon,evenNASAhelpedtoboostVelcro?’simagebyusingitinalotofequipmentthatwentintospacealongwithastronauts.(但很快，就連美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局也幫助提升了Velcro?的形象，將其用于許多與宇航員一起進(jìn)入太空的設(shè)備上。)”可知，GeorgedeMestral面對(duì)批評(píng)時(shí)沒有放棄，而是與他人合作對(duì)其發(fā)明進(jìn)行調(diào)整和升級(jí)，最終呈現(xiàn)出了完美的產(chǎn)品，并獲得了美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的認(rèn)可。由此可推斷，他是一個(gè)富有創(chuàng)新精神的人。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Velcro?isahook-and-loop(粘扣的)devicethatiscommonlyfoundonawiderangeofproducts,suchasshoes,jackets,andalotofotherequipmentinoffices,kitchensandgarages.It’salsothenameofthecompanythatoriginallycreatedthe“thing”generallyknownasVelcro?.(Velcro?是一種鉤環(huán)裝置，通常用于各種產(chǎn)品，如鞋子，夾克以及辦公室，廚房和車庫(kù)的許多其他設(shè)備。這也是最初創(chuàng)造“東西”的公司的名字，通常被稱為Velcro?。)”可知，文章講述了魔術(shù)貼發(fā)明的背景、過(guò)程及影響。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“Aremarkablecreation.(一個(gè)非凡的創(chuàng)造)”是文章主旨。故選B。CAnewinsect-sizedrobotcalledBee++canflyaroundwithafullsixdegreesoffreedommarkinganincredibleadvanceinmicrotoboticsthathasthepotentialtohelpwitheverythingfromartificialpollination(授粉)tosearchandrescueoperations.Therobot,developedbyateamofresearchersledbyNéstorO.Pérez-Arancibia,anassociateprofessoratWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU),hasfourwingsmadeoutofcarbonfiberandalightweightactuator(制動(dòng)器)tocontrolthewing.Itisthefirstrobotofitskindtoflystablyinalldirections,accordingtoaWSUstatement,includingtheturningmotionknownasyaw(偏航)—typicallythehardestforrobotstomanagesuccessfully.Therobotisdecadesinthemaking,withroboticsresearchersaroundtheworldlookingtodevelopanartificialflyinginsectthatcouldsomedayprovidenewwaystopollinateplants,carryoutbiologicalresearch,andconductsearchandrescueoperationsintightenvironments,likeacollapsedbuildingorstructure.In2019,Pérez-ArancibiaandtwoPhDstudentsbuiltafour-wingedinsectrobotthatwaslightenoughtoliftoffaswellasroll,givingitfourdegreesoffreedom,butthefinaltwodegrees,knownasyaw,washardertoachieve.“Ifyoucan’tcontrolyaw,you’resuperlimited,”Pérez-Arancibiasaid.“Ifyou’reabee,hereistheflower,butifyoucan’tcontroltheyaw,youaregoingaroundallthetimeasyoutrytogetthere.”“Thesystemishighlyunstable,andtheproblemissuperhard,”hecontinued.“Formanyyears,peoplehadtheoreticalideasabouthowtocontrolyaw,butnobodycouldachieveitduetoactuationlimitations.”Atjust95mgandpossessing33mmwingspan,thebeerobotisstilllargerthantheaveragebee,butit’sanimportantstepinthedevelopmentoffunctionalrobotsofthiskind,andoneofthebiggestproblemswiththeirdevelopmenthasbeencleared.8.What’sthebreakthroughresearchershaveachievedwithBee++?A.They’vediscoveredanewmaterial. B.They’vecreatedalightweightactuator.C.They’vefiguredouthowtocontrolyaw. D.They’vemadethefirstinsect-sizedrobot.9.Whatmightbeadisadvantageofthe2019four-wingedinsectrobot?A.Highcosts. B.Heavyweight.C.Longconstructiontime. D.Limitationofmovement.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromPérez-Arancibia’sremarks?A.It’sabigchallengetocontrolyaw.B.Bee++’ssystemneedsimprovement.C.Actuationlimitationsarecommonproblems.D.Theoreticalresearchneedstobefurtherexpanded.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheYaw:TheBiggestChallengeinRoboticDesignB.RoboticBeesCouldHelpPollinateCropslikeRealBeesC.TheBee++:NewInsect-sizedRobotwithLimitedPotentialD.NewRoboticBeeCreatedwithFullFreedomofMovement【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家們研制出了一種實(shí)現(xiàn)了六度自由的名為Bee++(蜜蜂++)的新型昆蟲大小的機(jī)器人，成功控制了偏航，突破了以往機(jī)器人行動(dòng)上的局限性?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisthefirstrobotofitskindtoflystablyinalldirections,accordingtoaWSUstatement,includingtheturningmotionknownasyaw(偏航)—typicallythehardestforrobotstomanagesuccessfully.(根據(jù)華盛頓州立大學(xué)的一份聲明，這是同類機(jī)器人中第一個(gè)在所有方向上穩(wěn)定飛行的機(jī)器人，包括被稱為偏航的轉(zhuǎn)彎運(yùn)動(dòng)——這通常是機(jī)器人最難成功控制的。)”可知，研究人員開發(fā)的蜜蜂++是第一個(gè)在各個(gè)方向穩(wěn)定飛行的機(jī)器人，包括在被稱為偏航的轉(zhuǎn)彎運(yùn)動(dòng)上，這是其他機(jī)器人難以做到的，由此可知，蜜蜂++在如何控制偏航扭轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)上取得了突破性進(jìn)展。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In2019,Pérez-ArancibiaandtwoPhDstudentsbuiltafour-wingedinsectrobotthatwaslightenoughtoliftoffaswellasroll,givingitfourdegreesoffreedom,butthefinaltwodegrees,knownasyaw,washardertoachieve.(2019年，prez-aranciia和兩名博士生制造了一個(gè)四翼昆蟲機(jī)器人，它足夠輕，既可以起飛也可以滾動(dòng)，給了它四個(gè)自由度，但最后兩個(gè)自由度，即偏航，很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。)”可知，2019年制造的四翼昆蟲機(jī)器人只實(shí)現(xiàn)了四度自由，而偏航很難控制，由此可知，其缺陷是行動(dòng)受限。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中Pérez-Arancibia說(shuō)的話“Formanyyears,peoplehadtheoreticalideasabouthowtocontrolyaw,butnobodycouldachieveitduetoactuationlimitations.(多年來(lái)，人們對(duì)如何控制偏航有了理論上的想法，但由于驅(qū)動(dòng)的限制，沒有人能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。)”可知，多年來(lái)，人們對(duì)控制偏航有理論上的想法，但是沒有人能實(shí)現(xiàn)，由此可推斷，控制偏航是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)首段“Anewinsect-sizedrobotcalledBee++canflyaroundwithafullsixdegreesoffreedom,markinganincredibleadvanceinmicrotoboticsthathasthepotentialtohelpwitheverythingfromartificialpollination(授粉)tosearchandrescueoperations.(一種名為Bee++的新型昆蟲大小的機(jī)器人可以在整整六個(gè)自由度的范圍內(nèi)飛行，這標(biāo)志著微型機(jī)器人的一個(gè)令人難以置信的進(jìn)步，它有可能幫助從人工授粉到搜索和救援行動(dòng)的一切。)”并結(jié)合下文中對(duì)該機(jī)器人的研發(fā)過(guò)程的簡(jiǎn)單介紹可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們研制出了實(shí)現(xiàn)了六度自由的蜜蜂++機(jī)器人，成功控制了偏航，突破了以往機(jī)器人行動(dòng)上的局限性，所以本文的題目為“全方位自由飛行的新型蜜蜂機(jī)器人誕生”符合主旨，可以作為文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。DSince1992,peoplehavebeentalkingabout“Dunbar’snumber”,thesupposedupperlimitofthenumberofpeoplewithwhomapersoncanmaintainstablesocialrelationships.NamedforBritishscientistRobinDunbar,itsvalue,roundedfrom148to150,haspermeatedbothprofessionalandpopularculture.TheSwedishtaxationauthoritykeepsofficesunder150peopleasaresultofit,andthestandardfacilitiesoftheW.L.GoreandAssociatescompanyarebasedaroundtheconcept.Dunbar’snumberwascitedinthebestsellingbookTippingPoint,anditalsohasafairamountofacademicinfluence,theoriginalpaperhavingbeencited2,500times.Despiteitsfame,Dunbar’snumberisprobablywrong,accordingtoanewstudy.LesswellknownthanthevalueofDunbar’snumberishowhecameupwithit.Thevalueof150isdeterminedbylookingattheratio(比率)betweenthesizeofacertainpartoftheprimate(靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物)brainandtheaveragesizeofgroupstheyform.Theseratioswerethenappliedtodataonthehumanbrain,andtheaveragevalueofroughly150relationshipswasdetermined.Inthenewstudy,theresearchersdidsimilarcalculationsbutwithupdatedinformationonthesizeofmonkeybrainsandsocialnetworks.WhentheresearchersappliedDunbar’sexactsamemethodstotheirnewdata,theyfoundthatthevaluewasbetweenroughly5and292people.Thisisfartoowidearangetobeofanyuse.Additionally,theresearchersnotedthefactthathumanbrainsoftenworkdifferentlythanthoseofournearestevolutionary(進(jìn)化的)cousins,asevidencedbyourabilitytocreatethings.Theideathatwewouldprocesssocialinformationexactlylikeotherprimatesdoisaboldandlargelyunsupportedclaim.So,isthereanewDunbarnumber?Well,thisisn’tthepointofthisstudy.Theresearchersendtheirpaperwith:“Itisourhopethatthisstudywillputanendtotheuseof‘Dunbar’snumber’withinscienceandinpopularmedia…”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”permeated“inparagraph1mean?A.Wellpreserved. B.Deeplyaffected.C.Dependedheavilyon. D.Takenfulladvantageof.13.WhydidtheresearchersdismisstheideaofDunbar’snumber?A.Dunbar’snumberhasalwaysbeenthesubjectofdebate.B.Thesamplesinthestudyweretoosmalltobeofanyuse.C.ThecalculationsleadingtoDunbar’snumberweretoocomplex.D.Theratiofromprimatescouldn’tbecarriedovertohumans.14.Whatmightbethepurposeofthenewstudy?A.ToreplaceDunbar’snumber.B.ToofferDunbar’snumbernewevidence.C.TostopthespreadingofDunbar’snumber.D.TofindnewapplicationsofDunbar’snumber.15.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanwefindthistext?A.Animal. B.Science.C.Culture. D.Education.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了自1992年以來(lái)一直受到熱議的“鄧巴數(shù)字”的由來(lái)及其所產(chǎn)生的影響，以及一項(xiàng)新研究中對(duì)“鄧巴數(shù)字”提出的質(zhì)疑?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中所列舉的例子“Dunbar’snumberwascitedinthebestsellingbookTippingPoint,anditalsohasafairamountofacademicinfluence,theoriginalpaperhavingbeencited2,500times.(鄧巴的數(shù)字在暢銷書《引爆點(diǎn)》中被引用，它也有相當(dāng)大的學(xué)術(shù)影響力，原始論文被引用了2500次。)”可知，鄧巴數(shù)字對(duì)文學(xué)及學(xué)術(shù)有著巨大影響，結(jié)合單詞所在的句子中的“bothprofessionalandpopularculture(專業(yè)和流行文化)”提到了鄧巴數(shù)字與專業(yè)和流行文化之間的關(guān)系，由此可推斷,permeated意為“深深影響”，deeplyaffected與其意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“WhentheresearchersappliedDunbar’sexactsamemethodstotheirnewdata,theyfoundthatthevaluewasbetweenroughly5and292people.Thisisfartoowidearangetobeofanyuse.(當(dāng)研究人員將鄧巴完全相同的方法應(yīng)用于他們的新數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)值大約在5到292人之間。這個(gè)范圍太廣了，沒有任何用處。)”可知，研究者們使用鄧巴的方法研究新的數(shù)據(jù)，得出的數(shù)值范圍太大，沒有任何意義，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段“Theideathatwewouldprocesssocialinformationexactlylikeotherprimatesdoisaboldandlargelyunsupportedclaim.(認(rèn)為我們會(huì)像其他靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物一樣處理社會(huì)信息的想法是一個(gè)大膽且基本上沒有證據(jù)支持的說(shuō)法。)”可知，研究人員指出人類會(huì)像其他靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物一樣處理社會(huì)信息的觀點(diǎn)在很大程度上是沒有根據(jù)的，由此可推斷，研究人員否定鄧巴數(shù)字是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為從靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物那里獲得的數(shù)據(jù)并不適用于人類。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Theresearchersendtheirpaperwith:“Itisourhopethatthisstudywillputanendtotheuseof‘Dunbar’snumber’withinscienceandinpopularmedia…”(研究人員在論文的結(jié)尾寫道：“我們希望這項(xiàng)研究能結(jié)束‘鄧巴數(shù)字’在科學(xué)界和大眾媒體中的使用……”)”可知，新研究的以自己的愿望結(jié)束了論文，由此可知，新研究的目的是希望人們能夠終止對(duì)鄧巴數(shù)字的使用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，且根據(jù)第三段“Despiteitsfame,Dunbar’snumberisprobablywrong,accordingtoanewstudy.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，盡管鄧巴的數(shù)字很有名，但它可能是錯(cuò)誤的。)”以及文章中的“thehumanbrain(人類大腦)”和“thesizeofmonkeybrains(猴子大腦的大小)”等關(guān)鍵詞可推斷，我們可能會(huì)在網(wǎng)站的科學(xué)版塊看到這篇文章。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Doesyoursonordaughtergetreallynervousbeforeagame?MyeldestsondoesandasamomIjustwanttohughimtightly.___16___I’vedefinitelyfoundthatbeingtoo“Mom”isnotalwaysthebestsolutionsoI’vemadealittlelistofthethingsthathelpcalmmyson,andsomeofthesemightworkforyourkid,aswell.___17___Itmightbeyourinstinct(本能)totrytostophisanxietybyremindinghimofabunchofthingstothinkaboutonyourwaytothegame.Stop.Itriedthatandallitseemedtodowasmakehimmoreanxious.Hetoldmehedidn’treallywanttothinkabouteverydetailbeforehegotthereandhejustwantedtobeabletoclearhismind.Besides,that’swhatpracticeisfor…workingoutallthosedetails.___18___Encouragedeepbreathingandstretching.Deepbreathingisagreatmethodforcalmingnerves.___19___Stretchingdoeswondersforthemindandbodybeforeagame.I’vefoundthatgettingmysontothegamesalittleearlyandhavinghimstretchisalsoagreatwayforhimtorelaxandbereadyandfocused.Givehimchewinggum(口香糖).Thereissomeresearchavailableclaimingthatchewinggumhelpscalmnervesandreducestress.Accordingtolifehack.org,chewinggumlowersCortisollevels,alsoknownasthe”stresshormone(激素)”.___20___Thisassistswithfocus,becausechewingwarmsupthebrain.A.Notawordaboutthegame.B.Don’ttalkaboutitontheway.C.Butthat’sthelastthingIcando.D.Italsoincreasesbloodflowtothebrain.E.Sugar-freeisthebestkindofgumtochew.F.However,ifhewantstotalk,pickuparelaxingtopic.G.It’salsoagreatwaytogetoxygentothelungsandtissues.【答案】16.C17.B18.F19.G20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章針對(duì)如何緩解孩子在體育比賽前的緊張和焦慮提出了幾點(diǎn)建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“MyeldestsondoesandasamomIjustwanttohughimtightly.(我的大兒子確實(shí)會(huì)焦慮，作為媽媽，我只想要緊緊抱住他)”可知，作為媽媽，對(duì)大兒子的焦慮只想緊緊抱住他，結(jié)合空后的“I’vedefinitelyfoundthatbeingtoo“Mom”isnotalwaysthebestsolutionsoI’vemadealittlelistofthethingsthathelpcalmmyson,andsomeofthesemightworkforyourkid,aswell.(我確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，過(guò)于“媽媽”并不總是最好的解決辦法，所以我列出了一些幫助我兒子平靜下來(lái)的事情，其中一些可能對(duì)你的孩子也有用。)”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)表現(xiàn)得太‘媽媽氣’并不總是解決問(wèn)題的最佳方法，由此可知，此空處應(yīng)為承上啟下的作用，C選項(xiàng)“Butthat’sthelastthingIcando.(但那是我最不能做的事。)”講述的內(nèi)容承上啟下，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，與下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此空處應(yīng)為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空后的“Itmightbeyourinstinct(本能)totrytostophisanxietybyremindinghimofabunchofthingstothinkaboutonyourwaytothegame.Stop.Itriedthatandallitseemedtodowasmakehimmoreanxious.(在去比賽的路上，你可能會(huì)本能地提醒他一些需要思考的事情，以此來(lái)阻止他的焦慮。停止。我試過(guò)了，但似乎只是讓他變得更焦慮了。)”可知，作者在去比賽的路上提醒他一些需要思考的事情，不但不能阻止他的焦慮，反而會(huì)讓他更焦慮，所以此處作者應(yīng)建議不要在路上談?wù)摫荣?，B選項(xiàng)“Don’ttalkaboutitontheway.(不要在路上談?wù)摫荣悺?”為祈使句，且講述的內(nèi)容與本段內(nèi)容一致，可作為本段的主旨句，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Hetoldmehedidn’treallywanttothinkabouteverydetailbeforehegotthereandhejustwantedtobeabletoclearhismind.Besides,that’swhatpracticeisfor…workingoutallthosedetails.(他告訴我，他真的不想在到達(dá)那里之前考慮每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，他只是想讓自己的頭腦清醒一下。此外，這就是練習(xí)的目的，解決所有的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題。)”可知，孩子不想考慮任何細(xì)節(jié)，只是想頭腦清醒一下，結(jié)合本段的講述的主題內(nèi)容是不要在路上談?wù)摫荣惖氖虑?，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“However,ifhewantstotalk,pickuparelaxingtopic.(然而，如果他想談?wù)?，找一個(gè)輕松點(diǎn)兒的話題聊一聊。)”講述的內(nèi)容與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且選項(xiàng)中的talk和topic與本段的話題相呼應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段的主題句“Encouragedeepbreathingandstretching.(鼓勵(lì)深呼吸和伸展運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”以及空前的“Deepbreathingisagreatmethodforcalmingnerves.(深呼吸是穩(wěn)定情緒的好方法。)”可知，本段講述的是深呼吸對(duì)減輕焦慮的好處，G選項(xiàng)“It’salsoagreatwaytogetoxygentothelungsandtissues(這也是向肺部和組織輸送氧氣的好方法。)”講述的內(nèi)容仍舊與深呼吸的好處相關(guān)，與前一句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，且符合本段的主旨。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段的主題句“Givehimchewinggum(口香糖).(讓他嚼口香糖。)”可知，本段主要圍繞嚼口香糖的好處展開，根據(jù)空前的“Accordingtolifehack.org,chewinggumlowersCortisollevels,alsoknownasthe”stresshormone(激素)”.(根據(jù)lifehack的說(shuō)法。例如，嚼口香糖會(huì)降低皮質(zhì)醇水平，也就是所謂的“壓力激素”。)”可知，有一些研究聲稱咀嚼口香糖可以幫助平靜情緒和緩解壓力，因?yàn)榻揽谙闾强梢越档推べ|(zhì)醇水平，也就是降低應(yīng)激激素，根據(jù)空后的“Thisassistswithfocus,becausechewingwarmsupthebrain.(這有助于集中注意力，因?yàn)榫捉罆?huì)使大腦升溫。)”可知，這樣有助于集中注意力，因?yàn)榫捉罆?huì)讓大腦活躍起來(lái)，D選項(xiàng)“Italsoincreasesbloodflowtothebrain.(這也會(huì)增加大腦的血液流量。)”講述的內(nèi)容與空后的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，且空后的This指代嚼口香糖增加大腦血液流量這一作用。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Myhusbandhadtostayinhospitalforamonth.Ihadtoaskmyschoolfora___21___.Ienteredmyclassroom,readytotellthekidstherewouldbeasupplyteacher.ThenIfoundagreenenvelope.“What’sthis?”Iasked___22___,pickinguptheenvelope,so___23___thatitbarelyclosed.AsI___24___it,coinsanddollarbillsfellout—fives,tens,twenties.Obviously,someonehad___25___themofmyhusband’sdiagnosis(診斷).ButIhadneverexpectedtheywould___26___insuchaway.Howhadthesekids___27___thatmuchmoney?Mythroattightenedwith___28___.“Ican’ttakethis.”Iattemptedto___29___it.“Wehadintendedtogetyou____30____,”onestudent,Jesse,said.“Butwedecidedtogiveyouthemoneysothatyoucanbuywhatyouneed.Weguessthatmightbemore____31____.”Theylookedatmesilentlybutwitheagerness.Iheldupthecash,andquickly____32____theamount:thatwouldbuyalotofflowers.Astheadultintheroom,Ifelt____33____foracceptingcashfromteenagers,buttheireagerfacesgavemeno____34____.Moreimportantthantheenvelopeinmyhandwasthe____35____intheirheartsandthelessontheyhadtaughtthemselves:howwonderfulitfeelstomeetsomeone’sneedandtomakeadifference.21.A.familyleave B.helpinghand C.publicdonation D.scholarshipfund22.A.anxiously B.enjoyably C.wonderingly D.hopefully23.A.full B.new C.simple D.big24.A.delivered B.unfolded C.read D.stuffed25.A.warned B.reminded C.persuaded D.informed26.A.handle B.react C.plan D.appear27.A.collected B.saved C.earned D.stolen28.A.worry B.desire C.effort D.emotion29.A.admit B.approve C.refuse D.appreciate30.A.support B.comfort C.gifts D.flowers31.A.valuable B.practical C.significant D.attractive32.A.estimated B.recognized C.confirmed D.declared33.A.depressed B.dull C.guilty D.pitiful34.A.change B.challenge C.chance D.choice35.A.courage B.kindness C.trust D.devotion【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D26.B27.A28.D29.C30.D31.B32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是作者的丈夫生病需要照顧，作者不得不請(qǐng)假一個(gè)月，準(zhǔn)備告訴學(xué)生們的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們卻給作者捐款的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：我不得不向?qū)W校請(qǐng)家事假。A.familyleave家庭休假；B.helpinghand幫手；C.publicdonation公眾捐款；D.scholarshipfund獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金基金。根據(jù)上文中的“Myhusbandhadtostayinhospitalforamonth.”可知，作者的丈夫住院一個(gè)月，所以此處指的是作者不得不“請(qǐng)家事假”照顧丈夫。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“這是什么？”我驚奇地問(wèn)，拿起信封，信封太滿了，幾乎合不上。A.anxiously焦慮地；B.enjoyably愉快地；C.wonderingly驚訝地；D.hopefully有希望地。根據(jù)上文中的““What’sthis?””可知，作者問(wèn)這是什么，由此可知，作者感到“驚奇”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“這是什么？”我驚奇地問(wèn)，拿起信封，信封太滿了，幾乎合不上。A.full滿；B.new新的；C.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；D.big大的。根據(jù)下文中的“thatitbarelyclosed.”可知，信封幾乎都合不上，所以此處指的是信封里“太滿”了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我打開它時(shí)，硬幣和美元的鈔票從里面掉了出來(lái)，有5元的，10元的，20元的。A.delivered傳送；B.unfolded打開；C.read閱讀；D.stuffed填滿。根據(jù)下文中的“coinsanddollarbillsfellout—fives,tens,twenties.”可知，很多的硬幣和鈔票掉了出來(lái)，所以此處指的是作者“打開”信封。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，有人把我丈夫的診斷告訴了他們。A.warned警告；B.reminded提醒；C.persuaded說(shuō)服；D.informed告知。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及上文中的““What’sthis?”Iasked___2___,pickinguptheenvelope,so___3___thatitbarelyclosed.AsI___4___it,coinsanddollarbillsfellout—fives,tens,twenties.”可知，孩子們?yōu)樽髡邷?zhǔn)備了捐款信封，由此可知，有人“告知”學(xué)生們作者丈夫的事情。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我從來(lái)沒有想到他們會(huì)有這樣的反應(yīng)。A.handle處理；B.react作出回應(yīng)；C.plan計(jì)劃；D.appear出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和上文中的“ButIhadneverexpected”以及下文中的“insuchaway.”可知，作者的學(xué)生知道了作者丈夫的事情，給作者捐款，所以此處指的是作者沒有想到學(xué)生們會(huì)用這種方式“回應(yīng)”這件事。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些孩子是怎么籌到那么多錢的？A.collected收集，募集；B.saved節(jié)約；C.earned贏得；D.stolen偷。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文中的“thatmuchmoney”可知，作者見到給她捐贈(zèng)的這些錢，想知道學(xué)生們是怎么“籌集”到的這些錢。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我激動(dòng)得喉嚨發(fā)緊。A.worry擔(dān)憂；B.desire渴望；C.effort努力；D.emotion情緒。根據(jù)上文中的“Mythroattightened”可知，作者的喉嚨發(fā)緊，由此可知，作者應(yīng)該是很“激動(dòng)”，withemotion意為“激動(dòng)地”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我不能帶走它?！蔽以噲D拒絕它。A.admit承認(rèn)；B.approve批準(zhǔn)；C.refuse拒絕；D.apprecia