英語英語四級含有答案3

大學(xué)英語四級試練習(xí)卷一、閱讀理解Passage1HopeisHealthyYouareabouttogotothehospitalforaroutinesurgicalprocedure.Whichattitudeishealthier?〃I'dbetterfindouteverythingIcanaboutthisoperation一youcanneverknowtoomuch.〃"Don'ttellmethedetails.It'sgoingtobefine.〃AnswerBissupposedtobethewrongone.It'sanexampleofwhatpsychologistscall"denial,〃adefencemechanismthatminimizesuncomfortableinformation.Denial,theyhaveargued,isstupid,self-defeatingandultimatelydangerous.ButresearchisshowingthatanswerBisafasterroutetorecovery.Denial一ofacertainsortandatcertaintimes一canbehealthy.Ofcourse,youdoneedtopayattentiontosomeunpleasantfacts.Thetrickistoknowwhenit'shelpfultoworryandwhenit'scounterproductive.Out-and-outdenialmaybethebestapproachtosurgery,accordingtoRichardS.Lazarus,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.WithFrancesCohen,Lazarusstudied61patientsabouttoundergooperations(allrelativelycommonoperations).Ingeneral,Incommunication,itisessentialnotonlytoemployspeech,butalso.tospeakdirectlytotheotherpersontoemployavarietyofbodilymovementstobecertainthattheotherpersonislisteningtopaygreatattentiontotheotherperson'sbehaviorItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebasicfunctionofbodilyactivityinspeechisto.makethelistenerfeelemotionalstrengthenthespeaker'sunderstandingstrengthenorintensifythespeaker'simpliedmeaningtothelistenerconveythespeaker5simpliedmeaningtothelistenerWhichofthefollowingisTRUE?Thebrainiscomparedtoatelephoneexchange.Themindisanactivityofthenervoussystem.Somepeopleremainstillwhiletalkingtoothers.Manypeoplemovetheirbodiesonpurposewhiletalking.Passage4Lazinessisasin（罪），everyoneknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsratherthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorofhavingtheirideastolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymayberuinedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasies（幻想）maypreventwork；somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsoffantasticachievementsthattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever〃lesser〃workisonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinatingreschedulingtheirday.Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators,somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatgreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychance.Newtonwasn'tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesomeone〃lazy〃buildthecarorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat〃laziness"werecausedbytheworker'stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.Andsometimes,being〃lazy〃一thatis,,takingtimeoffforarest一isgoodfortheoverworkedstudentsorexecutives.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho'ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyeveningsattheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou'retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextwork.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.lazinessisamoralsinthereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazylazinessisthesignofdeep-seatedemotionproblemslazypeopledomorecarefulworkThepassagestatesthat.lazinessisadiseaselazinessismorebeneficialthanharmfulagooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillnesssomepeopleappearlazybecausetheyareinsecureWhichofthefollowingconclusionsdoesthepassagesupport?Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.Mostassemblyworkersarelazy.Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.Asusedinthispassage,theword"devised”(Para.2)meansA.understood B.wroteC.made D.provedBeinglazymaybegoodfor.A.doctors B.athletesC.executivesD.thosewhooverworkthemselvesC.executives二、完型填空完型填空(一)Mostpeoplehavenoideaofthehardworkandworrythatgoesintothecollectingofthosefascinatingbirdsandanimalsthattheypaytoseeinthezoo.Oneofthequestionsthatisalwaysaskedofmeis(1)Ibecameananimalcollectorinthefirst(2).TheansweristhatIhavealwaysbeeninterestedinanimalsandzoos.Accordingtomyparents,thefirstwordIwasabletosaywithany(3)wasnottheconventional“mamma”or“daddy“，(4)theword“zoo”,whichIwould(5)overandoveragainwithashrill(6)untilsomeone,ingroupsto(7)meup,wouldtakemetothezoo.WhenI(8)alittleolder,welivedinGreeceandIhadagreat(9)ofpets,rangingfromowlstoseahorses,andIspentallmysparetime(10)thecountrysideinsearchoffreshspecimensto(11)tomycollectionofpets.(12)onIwentforayeartotheCityZoo,asastudent(13),togetexperienceofthelargeanimals,suchaslions,bears,bisonandostriches,(14)werenoteasytokeepathome.WhenIleft,I(15)hadenoughmoneyofmyowntobeableto(16)myfirsttripandIhavebeengoing(17)eversincethen.Thoughacollector'sjobisnotaneasyoneandisfullof(18),itiscertainlyajobwhichwillappeal(19)allthosewholoveanimalsand(20).A.howB.whereC.whenD.whetherA.regionB.fieldC.placeD.caseA.clarityB.emotionC.sentimentD.affectionA.exceptB.butC.exceptforD.butforA.reciteB.recognizeC.readD.repeatA.volumeB.noiseC.voiceD.pitchA.closeB.shutC.stopD.comfortA.grewB.wasgrowingC.growD.grownA.manyB.amountC.numberD.supplyA.livingB.cultivatingC.reclaimingD.exploringA.increaseB.includeC.addD.enrichA.laterB.furtherC.thenD.subsequentlyA.attendantB.keeperC.memberD.aideA.whoB.theyC.ofwhichD.whichA.luckilyB.gladlyC.nearlyD.successfullyA.payB.provideC.allowD.financeA.normallyB.regularlyC.usuallyD.oftenA.expectationsB.sorrowsC.excitementD.disappointmentsA.forB.withC.toD.fromA.excursionB.travelC.journeyD.Trip完型填空（二）ToothersandthemselvestheBritishhaveareputationforbeingconservativenotinthenarrowpoliticalsense,butinthesenseofadherencetoacceptedideasandunwillingtoquestionthem.Thereputationcomespartlyfromtheir1.For9002theyhavesuffered3invasionnorrevolution(exceptinl64941688)nordisastrousdefeatin5.Theirmonarchy(君主政體)survives6seriousquestion.Underitsnormal7politicalarrangementshavebeen8stablethat,exceptforthe9interruptionsintheseventeenth10,theyhavebeenadoptedthroughout11centuriestomeetchangingneedswithoutviolentl2.Britain,in1978,was13inmanagingwithout14writtenconstitution;somefragmentarydefinitionsof1688still15.Therehadbeen16quarrels,socialandeconomicaswell17political,butthequarrelshadbeen18,usually19compromise.Theunderlying20hadnotbeenbroken.A.languageB.futureC.historyD.literatureA.centuriesB.yearsC.minutesD.secondsA.neitherB.asC.orD.eitherA.tooB.butC.orD.andA.homeB.studyC.peaceD.warA.andB.withoutC.withD.neitherA.nameB.peopleC.leadershipD.enemyA.soB.veryC.tooD.suchA.twoB.oneC.noD.coupleA.monthB.dayC.yearD.centuryA.aB.anyC.theD.fewA.changesB.changeC.alteredD.changedA.commonB.popularC.uniqueD.angryA.twoB.aC.someD.theirA.surviveB.survivingC.survivesD.survivedA.bitterB.happyC.pleasantD.unhappyA.forB.asC.toD.atA.settlingB.settlesC.settleD.settledA.forB.atC.toD.by20.A.continueB.continuityC.continuousD.continued三、翻譯1、所有的窗戶都開著，他就睡著了。(with)2、學(xué)生們逐漸認識到友誼勝過金錢，患難朋友才是真朋友。(realize)3、無論什么時候你有難處，都可以找我?guī)兔Α?whenever)4、人們希望在不久的將來，奧運會將會在一個發(fā)展中國家舉行。(wish)5、他把錢折好放進口袋。(fold)參考答案：一、閱讀理解：I.N2.Y3.N4.N5.NG6.Y7.N8.avoiders,deniers9.denialisnotthebestapproach10.signsofillnessII.F12.C13.G14.M15.B16.H17.N18.L0 20.A21.A22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.C30.D二、完型填空完型填空（一）.【答案】A根據(jù)下一句及隨后的內(nèi)容，作者講的是怎樣成為動物愛好者的（從小就喜歡動物），應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇A.howo.【答案】Cinthefirstplace是固定短語,意思是“首先”。此句意思是：別人經(jīng)常問到的問題之一，是當(dāng)初我是如何愛上動物的。3【.答案】A這句話的意思是：作者在呀呀學(xué)語之時，最早發(fā)清楚的音是“zoo”（動物園），而不是“媽媽”，“爸爸”,因此，應(yīng)選clarity“清晰”。填入其他選項emotion（感情），sentiment（多愁善感），affection（友愛）不合邏輯。.【答案】Bbut在此處連接另一個句子（itwastheword"zoo","itwas”被省略），表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“而是"，Except,exceptfor,butfor的用法接近，表示“除了……”。.【答案】D根據(jù)后面的overandoveragain,應(yīng)選“repeat.【答案】C小孩想去動物園，便不停地發(fā)出尖叫聲，故選"voice”oAshrillvoice與scream的意思接近。volume（音量）；noise（噪音）；pitch（音調(diào)）均不合要求。.【答案】BshutsB.up是指讓某人住口，為了讓孩子停止尖叫，只好帶他去動物園。.【答案】A根據(jù)后面主句的時態(tài)，此處只能用一般過去時。.【答案】Cagreatmany后直接跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；agreat/largeamountof后跟不可數(shù)名詞；只有agreat/largenumberof后可以跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。10【.答案】Dliving后必須接介詞in,意為“居住”；cultivating耕種；reclaiming開墾；只有exploring有探察的意思。.【答案】Caddto相當(dāng)于increase,增加。其余選項后面都不接to。.【答案】Alateron為固定短語，“后來”。.【答案】Dattendant仆人；keeper可理解為“飼養(yǎng)員”，但是astudentkeeper容易被誤解為“收留學(xué)生的人"；aide有“助手”之義。作者一邊上學(xué)，一邊在動物園里打工，只能當(dāng)助手。.【答案】Dwhich在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面列出的動物。.【答案】D因為錢是在動物園打工掙的，選successfully更能體現(xiàn)其含義。.【答案】Dfinancemyfirsttrip意為“支付我的旅行費用"；pay后應(yīng)接介詞for；其他選項的意思相差甚遠。.【答案】B此句為現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)，選regularly比較貼切。.【答案】D此句是由though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，應(yīng)與主句意思相對立。選項中，sorrows和disappointments與主句的appealto相對立，但sorrows的分量太重。.【答案】Cappealto為成語，意思是“吸引”。.【答案】Bexcursion短途旅行；journey（從一地到另一地的）長距離，具體的旅途；travel旅行，旅游，海外旅行；trip旅行，遠足。完型填空（二）.【答案】C由于下文緊接著敘述到過去900年的有關(guān)情況。故應(yīng)選history,才能與下文銜接。.【答案】B根據(jù)句子意思判斷。.【答案】A應(yīng)選neither才能與其后出現(xiàn)的nor構(gòu)成并列連詞neither---nor…。.【答案】D根據(jù)句子意思判斷。.【答案】D需選一名詞與前面的介詞in構(gòu)成介詞短語，且這個短語在語意上要與前面的disastrousdefeat相吻合。故選D可以滿足這個條件。.【答案】Bwithoutseriousquestion意為“沒有嚴重的問題”。.【答案】C"在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下”的表達方式是underthe…leadership..【答案】Aso…that…構(gòu)成固定短語，意為“這么……以致于”.【答案】A上面提到1649和1688兩次革命，所以A項正確。.【答案】D根據(jù)句子意思判斷。.【答案】Cthecenturies特指那些穩(wěn)定的世紀。.【答案】A應(yīng)從A或B中選一名詞作介詞without的賓語。將A和B加以比較：A.changes作可數(shù)名詞用，意為“變化”，符合題意。B.change一詞系不可數(shù)名詞，意為“零錢，找頭”。.【答案】C根據(jù)上下文意思，應(yīng)選unique“獨一無二的；唯一的”。.【答案】B沒有一項成文憲法，a為一項的意思。15.【答案】應(yīng)選survived才與上下文時態(tài)一致。16.【答案】bitter15.【答案】應(yīng)選survived才與上下文時態(tài)一致。16.【答案】bitter意為“尖銳的，厲害的”。17.【答案】aswellas為一并列連詞。18.【答案】settled符合語法要求。patientsfollowedoneoftwomentalstrategies;"avoidance〃or"vigilance.〃Typically,avoidershadnotdiscussedtheirsurgeryindetailwithanyone,didn'twanttoknowaboutitanddidn'tdwelluponitsrisks.Incontrast,vigilanttypeswerealerttoeverydetail.Manysoughtoutarticlesabouttheirdisorders.Theywantedtoknowtherisksofsurgery,therisksifsurgerywasnotperformed,thesurgicalprocedures,thepotentialcomplicationsandthelikelihoodofrecurrence.WhenLazarusandCohencomparedthetwogroupsaftersurgery,theyfoundthatavoidersgotonmuchbetter.Theyhadalowerincidenceofpostoperativecomplicationssuchasnausea（惡心），headache,feverandinfection.Thenetresult:theyweredischargedsooner.Onereasonmaybethattheirdenialmakeroomforhope,oratleastforapositiveoutlook,evenunderthegrimmestofconditions.“Neverdenythediagnosis,butdodenythenegativeopinionthatmaygowithit,〃advisesNormanCousins,authorofAnatomyofanIllnessandTheHealingHeart.Why?Becausegrimwarningsaboutdiseasescomefromstatisticsontheaveragecase.Cousinsbelievesthatmostpatients,givenhopeanddetermination,haveagoodchancetotranscendtheaverages.AddsDr.Hackett:"Deniersseethemachinesthey'rehookeduptoashelpingthemtogetwell,notasasignofabadlyfunctioningheart.Thosewhofeelmostpositiveabouttheirabilitytogetwelltendtodobetterthan.【答案】Dbycompromise意為“通過折衷、妥協(xié)的辦法”。如：Weshouldsettleourdifferencesbycompromise.我們應(yīng)采取折衷的辦法來解決我們之間的分歧。.【答案】B四個選項中，只有名詞continuity正確。三、翻譯1、Hefeltasleepwithallthewindowsopen.Studentscometorealizethatfriendshipisratherthanmoneyandafriendinneedisafriendindeed.Youcanaskformeafavourwheneveryouareintrouble.4、PeoplewishthattheOlympicgameswouldbeheldinadevelopingcountryinthenearfuture.5、Shefoldedthemoneyandputthemintoherpocket.thosewhofearandworrymore.Ofcourse,noneoftheseresearcherswouldconcludethatdenialisthebestapproachtoallmedicalmatters.Adiabeticmustmonitorbloodsugar;akidneypatientmustkeeptrackofdialysis（透析）;awomanwhofindsalumpinherbreastmustnotdelayinhavingitdiagnosed.Thequestiontoaskyourself,Dr.Lazarusexplains,iswhethertheinformationyougatherwillhelpyousolveaproblem,orwhetherthereislittleyoucandotochangethings.Inthefirstcase,payattentionandact.Inthesecondcase,don'tbecomepreoccupiedwiththerisks;anxietycanworsenyourhealth.Dr.HerbertBenson,associateprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,pointsoutthattheoverlyvigilantpatient'scentralnervoussystembecomesarousedintothefight-or-flightresponse.Butsinceallthepatientcandoisliethere,hisbodysufferstheclassicdamagesofstress.Whilestudyingpeople'sreactionstomedicalstress,TempleUniversitypsychologistSuzanneMillerandUniversityofPennsylvaniagynecologiconcologist（婦科腫瘤學(xué)）CharlesE.Manganplaced40womenabouttoundergocolposcopy（陰道鏡檢查）intwodifferentgroups,accordingtotheircopingstyle.Miller'smaininterestwastoseewhetheranyofthesewomenwouldcopebetteriftheyhadextrainformation.Shegavehalfofeachgroupvoluminousdetailsaboutwhatwouldhappenandhowtheywouldfeel;shegavetherestonlythebasicfacts.Overall,theresultsreinforcedthebenefitsofavoidance.Thewomengivenminimalinformationfeltmorerelaxedthroughouttheprocedurethanthewomenwhoknewmore.(Oddlyenough,thegroupdesiringinformationcomplainedthattheywouldhavelikedevenmore.Theveryactofgatheringdetailsseemedtomakethemlessanxious.)Miller'sresearchshowsthatdifferentpeoplereacttonewsabouttheirsituationsinverydifferentways.Thatmeans,shesuggests,thatpeopleshouldseekasmuchoraslittleinformationastheirindividualcopingstyledictates.Doestheresearchondenialmeanweshouldregress(倒退)tothedayswhenphysiciansusedtosay,〃Don'ttellpatientsanything,becausetheydon'treallywanttoknow?”Hardly.Peoplehavearighttoknowwhatisgoingtohappentothem,andtotakepartindecisionsabouttheirtreatment.Butpatientscangetnecessaryinformationwithoutlearningalotofnerve-rackingdetailstheydon'tneed.Forexample,aphysiciancansay:〃YouhaveasuspiciousPaptest.Thenextprocedureiscalledcolposcopy;itwilltakefifteenminutes.〃Thedoctordoesn，tneedtodescribeeverythingacolposcopedoes,feelslikeormightfind.Similarly,awomanshouldseekalltheoptionsifshehasasuspiciousPaptest,butonceshemakesadecision,sheshouldnotbeobsessedaboutit.Youcouldsummarizetheresearchinasetofguidelines:Ingeneral,itisbesttoblockoutmedicalthreatsandworrieswhenthereisnothingyoucandoaboutthem一say,afteryou'vedecidedtoundergosurgery.Don'tdwellonallthatcouldgowrongorvisualizeeveryfearfuldetail;concentrateinsteadonwhatislikelytogoright.Bevigilantaboutmattersthatyoucancontrol,suchaspayingattentiontosignsofillness.Findoutyourpersonaldispositiontoavoiddetailsortoacquireallinformationpossible,andletyourowninclinationbeyourguide一butonlyuptoapoint."Manyofthosewhogatheranyandallfactsareputtingthemselvesthroughmorestressthantheyneedto,〃Millersays.Sheadvisesthemtolearnwhentheirapproachwillonlyincreasetheiranxiety.Inthosecases,they'ddobettertoturnofftheirradar.Ontheotherhand,avoidersshouldrecognizewhenitisvaluabletogathermorefactsthantheymightliketo.Thebasicadviceisclear:don'tfeelguiltyifyoudecidetotaketherosyview.Concentratingonthepositiveturnsouttobemedicallysound.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatifyouwereavigilantpatient,youshouldlearntoadoptanewstrategyofavoidancebecauseitbringsyoulessstress.Thedoctorsarediscoveringthatthebestmedicineisoftensimplytodenytheworstandexpectthebest.Millerdividedthewomenpatientsintotwogroupsatwillandprovidedeachgroupwitheitherdetailedorbasicinformationinordertofindoutwhowouldgetonbetter.Basedonthefindingsoftheresearches,doctorsfindithardtodecidewhethertheyshouldtellpatientsanythingabouttheirillness.Psychologistshavechangedtheiropinionthatitisstupidanddangerousforpeopletodenyuncomfortableinformation.Atipforbothdeniersandvigilantpatientsis:avoiddetailsoracquiremuchinformationfollowingyourowncopingstyle,butonlytoacertainpoint.Itisunnecessaryforpatientstogetinformationabouttheirdisordersbecausethereisnothingtheycandoabouttheirillness.Patientsgenerallyfallintotwogroups:and.〃Adiabeticmustmonitorbloodsugar;zzhelpsexplainthattoallcases.Allpatientsshouldpayattentionto.Passage2Likemostparents,geologistBrainAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter'ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern;Thepublicschoolshe11inSeattlehasunreinforcedbrickwalls,a12beingeasytocollapseduringearthquakes.Thesame13ofwallscrushedcollapseduringearthquakes.Thesame13ofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefound14signsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforadestructiveshockinthenearfuture.AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussedthe15uncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes一withmagnitudesof8orhigher一doindeed16thisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.What'sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldshaketheregion's17centerswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseem18incomparison.〃Ithinkit'squitetruetosaythatnothinghasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,“saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward.Atthemeeting,Somervilleandhiscolleagues19estimatesofthedegreeofshaking.PortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringsucha20 earthquake.A. B.recentlC.construeD.displayedtionmassivetionE.F.attendsG.typeH.strikerelativelyE.F.attendsG.typeH.strikerelativelyI.J?particiK.excessivL.mildI.patespopulat0.ionpatespopulat0.ionepresentedM. N.disturbingPassage3Whatdowethinkwith?Onlythebrain?Hardly.Thebrain