高三英語一輪復習閱讀拓展訓練（三）

第=page1111頁，共=sectionpages1313頁第=page1010頁，共=sectionpages1313頁閱讀拓展訓練（三）1Asdigitaldeviceshavetakenoversociety,“keyboardactivityisnowoftenrecommendedasareplacementforearlyhandwriting,”anewstudynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildren.Thepotentialbenefitsofhandwritingforlearningandmemoryhavebeendebatedforsometime.Thenewstudysetouttoanswertwoquestions.Howdoeshandwritingcomparetousingakeyboardordrawingwhenitcomestolearningnewinformation?Andhowsimilararehandwritinganddrawing?Inall,12adultsand12seventh-graderstookpart.Researchersaskedeachofthemtowriteanddrawwithadigitalpen.Eachwasalsoaskedtotypeonakeyboard.Whileperformingthesetasks,eachvolunteerworeacapthatheldelectrodes(電極)nexttotheirhead.Itlookedsomewhatlikeahairnetfittedwith256sensors,whichrecordedthevolunteers’brainwaves,atypeofelectricalactivity,asEEGs.Theelectrodesnotedwhichpartsofthebrainturnedonduringeachtask.Andtheyshowedthatthebrainactivitywasaboutthesameinboththekidsandtheadults.Writingturnedonmemoryareasinthebrain.Typingdidn’t.Drawingimagesandwritingalsoturnedonpartsofthebraininvolvedwithlearning.Writingevenactivatedlanguageareas.Thissuggests,accordingtoVanderMeer,thenewstudy’sleader,thatwhenwewritebyhand,“webothlearnbetterandrememberbetter.”Herteamnowsuggests“thatchildren,fromanearlyage,mustbeexposedtohandwritinganddrawingactivitiesinschool.”Thesenewfindingsbackupotherstudiesshowingpotentialbenefitsofhandwriting,saysJoshuaWeiner,whowasnotinvolvedwiththenewstudy.Hisownstudentstypefasterthantheycanwrite,hefinds.Slowingdownseemstorequirethemto“thinkmore”whentakingnotes,hesays.Headdsthatthiscould“improvememoryandenhancelearning.”Weinerconcludesthat“writingmaybebeneficial”asitinvolvesmoreofa“brainresponse”.VanderMeerrecognizesthatlearningtowritebyhandisaslowerprocess.Sheisalsoawarethatitrequiresfinemotorskills.But,sheadds,“Ifwedon’tchallengeourbrain,itcan’treachitsfullpotential.”1．Acapwasusedintheexperimentto________.A．givethevolunteersinstructions B．recordthevolunteers’everymoveC．helpthevolunteersbetterfocusonthetask D．keeptrackofthevolunteers’brainactivity2．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Thetoolsinventedbytheresearchers. B．Thebackgroundoftheparticipants.C．Theprocessoftheexperiment. D．Theapplicationofthestudy.3．Whatdidtheresearchteamfind?A．Typingmadethebrainmoreactive.B．Writingturnedonmoreareasinthebrain.C．Drawingactivatedthearearelatedtomemory.D．Adultscoulddobetterthankidsintakingnotes.4．WhichofthefollowingwouldVanderMeerprobablyagreewith?A．Keyboardsshouldbeusedaslittleaspossible.B．Requirementsforhand-writtennoteswillbenefitkids.C．Theprocessofwritingslowsdownthebrainresponse.D．Typinggivesusachancetoimprovememoryandlearning.【重點詞匯】replacementdebateinvolveactivateexposepotential【認知詞匯】devicesensor【中譯英翻譯】1.作為一位傳統(tǒng)文化迷，我及其渴望參加這類與文化交流有關的活動。2.那幾次艱苦的訓練激發(fā)了他的潛力。2Youmayhaveheardthathumansonlyuse10percentoftheirbrainpower,andthatifyoucouldunlocktherestofyourbrainpower,youcoulddosomuchmore.However,thereisapowerfulbodyofevidencedebunkingthe10percentmyth.Scientistshaveconsistentlyshownthathumansusetheirentirebrainthroughouteachday.Despitetheevidence,the10percentmythhasinspiredmanyreferencesintheculturalimagination.A2013studyshowedthatabout65percentofAmericansbelievedthemyth,anda1998studyshowedthatafullthirdofpsychologymajors,whofocusontheworkingsofthebrain,fellforit.Neuropsychologystudieshowtheanatomy(構造)ofthebrainaffectssomeone’sbehavior,emotion,andcognition.Overtheyears,brainscientistshaveshownthatdifferentpartsofthebrainareresponsibleforspecificfunctions.Contrarytothe10percentmyth,scientistshaveproventhateverypartofthebrainisintegralforourdailyfunctioning.Manybrainimagingstudiesthatmeasurebrainactivitywhenapersonisdoingaspecifictaskshowhowdifferentpartsofthebrainworktogether.Forexample,whileyouarereadingthistextonyoursmartphone,somepartsofyourbrain,includingthoseresponsibleforvision,readingcomprehension,andholdingyourphone,willbemoreactive.However,somebrainimagesunintentionallysupportthe10percentmyth,becausetheyoftenshowsmallbrightsplotches(斑點)onanotherwisegraybrain.Thismayimplythatonlythebrightspotshavebrainactivity,butthatisn’tthecase.Rather,coloredsplotchesrepresentbrainareasthataremoreactivewhensomeone’sdoingataskcomparedtowhenthey’renot.Thegrayspotsarestillactive,justtoalesserdegree.Amoredirectcountertothe10percentmythliesinindividualswhohavesufferedbraindamage.Ifthe10percentmythweretrue,damagetoperhaps90percentofthebrainwouldn’taffectdailyfunctioning.Yetstudiesshowthatdamagingevenaverysmallpartofthebrainmayhavedevastatingconsequences.Forexample,damagetoBroca’sareahindersproperformationofwordsandfluentspeech,thoughgenerallanguagecomprehensionremainsintact.Anotherlineofevidenceagainstthe10percentmythcomesfromevolution.Theadultbrainonlyconstitutes2percentofbodymass,yetitconsumesover20percentofthebody’senergy.Incomparison,theadultbrainsofmanyvertebratespecies—includingsomefish,reptiles,birds,andmammals—consume2to8percentoftheirbody’senergy.Thebrainhasbeenshapedbymillionsofyearsofnaturalselection,whichpassesdownfavorabletraitstoincreaselikelihoodofsurvival.Itisunlikelythatthebodywoulddedicatesomuchofitsenergytokeepanentirebrainfunctioningifitonlyuses10percentofthebrain.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fellfor”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Believed. B．Proved. C．Developed. D．Discovered.6．Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Wehaveahugepotentialforbraindevelopment.B．Weconsumetoomuchbodyenergyusingourbrain.C．Werelyoneverypartofourbrainfordailyactivities.D．Wecanseeinactivebrainareasbyusingbrainimages.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsthe10percentmyth?A．Objective. B．Doubtful.C．Unconcerned. D．Supportive.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhatPercentageoftheHumanBrainIsUsed?B．HowCantheHumanBrainBeFullyDeveloped?C．HowCantheMythoftheHumanBrainBeSolved?D．WhatAretheFunctionsoftheDifferentPartsoftheHumanBrain?3Avideocirculatedonsocialmediaearlierthisyear,showingatouristopeningthedoorofavehicle,reachingoutanarmandattemptingtostrokeapassinglioness.Thelionessshruggedhimoff,butitcouldhaveeasilygonehorriblywrong.Recklessbehaviouraroundwildliferisksthesafetyofbothpeopleandanimals.Peopleriskbeingattacked,mauled(撕咬)andpossiblykilled,whileanimalscanbeharmed,removedorputdown,irrespectiveofwhethertheywereonlydefendingthemselves.Animalattackscanalsocastadestinationinanegativelight,causingtemporaryclosuresorscaringoffvisitors.Alljustsosomeonecouldboastthattheyhadstrokedalionorcapturedamomentonacameraphone.“Touristsaregettingmoreandmorerecklessaroundwildlifeandthesourceoftheproblemissocialmedia.”sayswildlifephotographerAnetteMosshachers.“Peopleriskingtheirlivesordoingstupidthingswithwildlifeareafter‘likes’andfollowers,somethingtoshowoffonsocialmedia,”saysMossbacher.“Thegreatertherisk,themore‘likes’theyget.Withsomeclients,itseemslikeasicknessoraddiction.”Yetsocialmediaisnotentirelytoblame.Peoplehavealwaystakenrisksforanexperience.Foolishbehaviorandatendencytogetcockyarounddangerousanimalsmusthavebeenaroundsincethedawnofhumanity.Ahungerforattentiononlinemightdrivesomeofthecurrentmadness,butsomeindividualsmightbetryingtorecreateapieceoftheactiontheyhaveseenontelevision.Perhapstheadrenaline(腎上腺激素)rushwhenclosetowildanimalscausesanevaporationofcommonsense.“There’saworryinglackofawarenessthatanimalsseveraltimesoursize,weight,speedandstrengthcaneasilyhurtus,”sayswildlifephotographerDavidLloyd.“Idon’tthinkparksaredoingenoughtoraiseawareness.Touristsneedtoknowhowtheirpresencecanaffectwildlife.Agoodexampleischeetahs(獵豹)onvehiclerooftops.Itmaybeathrillforthebystanders,buttheconsequencesifamothercheetahfallsoffwouldbesevere.Shewouldnolongerbeabletohunt,sohercubscouldeasilystarve.”“Peoplearen’tgettingtheeducationaboutwhytheyneedtostayawayfromwildlife,includingavoidingdiseases,keepingpeoplesecureandlettingwildlifebewild,”saysPhilipMuruthi,vicepresidentofspeciesconservationandsciencefortheAfricanWildlifeFoundation.“Weneedtoeducatetouriststhroughsigns,pamphletsandfrontlinedrivers.Weshouldsticktoguidelines,andthereneedstobeenforcementthroughthelaw.”9．Whatcanwelearnaboutrecklessbehaviouraroundwildlife?A．Itharmstouristsmorethananimals.B．Itenablestouriststogetintimatewithanimals.C．Itmaybringmoreprofitstoatouristdestination.D．Itmaygetanimalskilledfordefendingthemselves.10．AsforMossbacher’sopiniononwhatdrivespeople’srecklessbehavior,theauthoris______.A．sympathetic B．disapproving C．doubtful D．indifferent11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cocky”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Selfish. B．Frightened. C．Arrogant. D．Shocked.12．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Parksareexpectedtotakemoreresponsibilitiesforeducatingtourists.B．Raisingtourists’awarenessmeansstressingthedangerofanimalstothem.C．Moreregulationofthetouristindustryisthekeytoraisingtourists’awareness.D．Penaltiesratherthaneducationcanstoppeopletakingsillyrisksaroundwildlife.4Wheredidyourfamilyeatdinnerlastnight?Inthecaronthewaytosport?AtMcDonald’s?Oratthedinnertable?Asurveytakenafewyearsagofoundthat28%familiesatedinnertogetherathomesevennightsaweek.Anotherquartersaidtheyatetogetherthreeorfewernightsaweek.Onceuponatimethesituationwasdifferent.13Plates,forksandspoonswouldbelaidout.Asdinnertimeapproached,anincreasingnumberofhungrymouthswouldbegintoappearwiththequestion,“What’sfordinner”?14Thedataseemstopointtotwomainissues:overworkedparentsandover-scheduledchildren.Whenmumordaddogethomeintheevening,theyaresooninthecaragaintosendthechildrentosoccer,music,tutoring,andahostofotherevents.Thisnightlyceremonyaroundthedinnertableisbothvitalandfruitful;itiswhatkeepsafamilytogether.Sure,theconversationisnotalwayssignificantandchildrenargue.Andsometimesthedeepestandmostmeaningfultimesinafamilyarenotatthetableatall.15Thedinnertableistheplacewhereafamilybuildsanidentity.Storiesarepasseddown,jokesareexchangedandthewiderworldisexaminedthroughthelens（鏡頭）ofafamily’svalues.Childrenpickupvocabularyandasenseofhowconversationisstructured.16

Dinnertimeis“familytime”.Comingbackdailytothesameplacehelpsgainfamiliarity.Thesignificanceofdinnertimeismorethanabove.Studiesshowthatthemorefamilieseattogether,thelesslikelythechildrenaretosmoke,drink,getdepressed,anddevelopeatingdisorders,andthemorelikelytheyaretodowellinschoolandlearnhowtosocialize.OneprofessoratRutgersUniversityinNewJerseystated,“Amealisaboutcivilizingchildren.17”Sostartbyplanningsomestayathomefamilydinnerstogether.Justfamilytalk.A．It’satimetoteachthemtobeamemberoftheirculture.B．Eachnightthediningtablewouldbesetwithasimplecloth.C．Whynotcutbackonafewactivitiesandhavedinnerwithyourfamily?D．Whataccountsforthisdeclineinfamilieseatingtogethertodaythough?E．Theyalsolearngoodtablemanners,somethingthatwillbenefitthemforlife.F．Itwasimportantforchildrenandparentstositdowntogetherandgettoknoweachother.G．However,thereisstillsomethinguniqueaboutthetimeafamilyspendsaroundthedinnertable.【重點詞匯】approachvitaldepressed【認知詞匯】disorder【中譯英翻譯】參加植樹活動是應對環(huán)境污染的一個極好的方法，這對吸收有害氣體起到關鍵作用。5CasualDressintheWorkplaceForRuth,anemployeeataninsurancecompany,Fridayisn’tjustanotherworkday.Itisthedaywhenshecanwearasweaterandcasualtrousersinsteadofbusinesssuit.18“Itisarealtreat.Itputsusingoodmoodandwindstheweekdown.”RuthhasjoinedthousandsofworkersacrosstheUnitedStateswhohappilychangefromjackets,ties,anddressestojeans,poloshirts,andsweatersonFridays.Whydress-downFriday?“Ithinkitgivesanatmosphereoflessformality（正式）,”saysPresidentMatthewofEntexIndustries.Today,dressingcasuallyonthejobisawaytoshowyourcompanyisinstyle.Anothercontributorisfaxes,voicemailandemail,whichhavereducedpubliccontact.19However,eventhoughdressingdownispopular,thetrendiscontroversial.Someworkersremainstronglyopposed.“Youhavegotallthetimeintheworldtodressdownwhenyouretire,”declaredonewoman.20“Wehadsomeveryimportantguestsco