現(xiàn)在完成時 英語語法知識點匯總

現(xiàn)在完成時一、構(gòu)成1.肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+(其他）。否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+(其他）。一般疑問句Have/has+主語+過去分詞?Yes,S+have/has.No,S+have/hasn’t.、二、特征詞already(肯定句)yet(否定句和疑問句)never，ever(疑問句)just(謂語動詞之前)before(句末）sofar=uptonow,bynow（到如今，迄今為止）inthepast/lastfewyears,(過去幾年來)thesedays（這幾天）since/eversince（自從，從那時起）for+時間段:fortwoyears三、用法1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。（還記得內(nèi)容）Jimhasjustlosthisbook.吉姆剛才把書丟了。（還沒找到）2.常和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用.如：for+時間段for12weeks/threeminutessince+時間點(起點)since9o'clockthismorningsince＋一段時間＋ago＝for＋時間段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeksforayear=sinceayearago;since2000=for9yearssince+從句(從句常用一般過去時)TheGreenshavelivedinMacaosincetheymovedtoMacaofromParis.格林一家從巴黎搬到澳門之后就一直住在澳門。1.Areyousureyou_______________(lose)thebook?----Yes,I___________(look)foriteverywhere,butIstillcan’tfindit.2.We___________already___________(copy)thesewords.3.Jim_______________(just,watch)afootballmatch.Heissotiredandhungry.4.___________youever_____________(travel)onatrain?5.---______they_______(see)thefilmyet?---Yes.They_____________(see)italready.----When______they______(see)it?----They_______(see)itjustnow.6.----________hersister____________(be)toNanning?----No,she_________(never,be)therebefore.二、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。1.過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。例句：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（對）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.三、練習(xí)題1.A.用already或yet1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures___yet___?No,not___haven’t_______.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions_____阿拉ready___3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition_____yet___.B.用since或for1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons__scince____thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital___scince___lastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.C.用havegone或havebeen1)Wherearetheboystudents?They_____totheschoolfactory.2)Isyourfatherin?No,he____toShenzhen._______heever______therebefore?Yes,he___thereseveraltimes3)HeaskedmeifI_____toHangzhoubefore.ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI____never____tothatcitybefore.2.選擇填空1.Mother____meanewcoatyesterday.I_______iton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmade…h(huán)avetriedB.made…h(huán)avetriedC.hasmade…triedD.made…tried2“He____todrawhorsesalready”.“When______he?”“Lastyear“A.learned…h(huán)asB.learned…didC.haslearned…h(huán)asD.haslearned…did3.Tom_____upintothetree.Look,he____highupthere!A.hasgot…isB.hasclimbed…wasC.got…wasD.climbed…is4.____you_____thetextyet?Yes,we____ittwohoursago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…h(huán)aveC.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…h(huán)ad5.“Why______she_______angry?”“Becausehe_____atherjustnow.”A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shoutedC.did…get…h(huán)asshoutedD.has…got…h(huán)asshouted6.______you__________thefilmbefore?Where_____you____it?A.Have…seen…did…seeB.Did…see…did…watchC.Have…seen…h(huán)ave…seenD.Did…see…h(huán)ave…seenBadluck!Thetrain_________.Wehavetogobybus.A.hasjustleftB.hasleftjustnowC.wasleavingjustnowD.isleavingjustnow2.Whatanunluckything!Theboss_______hereyesterday.Buthe_________forBeijingtoday.A.was,leftB.was,hasleftC.hasbeen,leftD.hasbeen,hasleft3.--_______youever_____thefilmHarryPorter?--Ofcourse.I______itonlyyesterday.ADo,see,seeB.Did,see,sawC.Have,seen,haveseenD.Have,seen,saw4.I_____ofthatmanbefore.Who’she?A.don’thearB.didn’thearC.haveneverheardDhaveheard5.–What_______inyourhometowninthepastfiveyears?--Fiveyears_______,itwasasmallvillage.Nowitisabeautifultown.A.happened,agoBhashappened,beforeC.hashappened,agoD.happened,before6.—Jimmy,whyareyouplayinghere?Haveyoufinishedyourhomework_________?--Mum,Ihavefinishedit_____.I_____ittwohoursago.A.already,yet,finishedB.yet,already,finishedC.yet.Already,havefinishedD.yet,yet,finished7.I_______Paul’snewstorybookinthereadingroomyesterday,Ican’tfinditanywhere.SoI_____anewoneforhimalready.A.forgot,haveboughtB.left,boughtC.left,haveboughtD.forgot,bought8.I______thefilmTheSoundofMusic,butI_____someofthesongsinthefilm.A.haven’twatched,havelistenedtoB.havewatched,havelistenedtoC.didn’twatch,listenedtoD.didn’twatch,havelistenedto9.I____toGuangzhoulastSaturdayandIvisitedBeijingRoad.Theshoppingcentre______somanypeople.]A.hasbeen,hasbeenfullofB.went,wasfullwithC.hasgone,wasfullwithD.went,wasfullof10.I____mysupper.I____itwithourEnglishteacherinthehotelat6o’clock.A.had,hadB.havehad,hadC.had,havehadD.have,had用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissZhao(hurry)offtolookaftertheman.2.Jim(make)manyfriendssincehe(come)toChina.3.They______(know)eachotherforabouttenyears.4.He______already______(write)alettertothefactorytoaskthemtostopmakingnoise.5.—When______she______(leave)?

—Twohoursago.6.—______you______(see)thefilmbefore?

—Yes,I______.

—Where______you______(see)it?

—AtTheQueen’sCinema.7.—Thankyouallthesame,Mr.Black,butIdon’teatsweets.

—Oh,Iamsorry.I______(notknow)that.8.Theyusually______(go)fishingwhentheylivedthere.9.Howlong______she______(be)ill?10.Theydidn’tstarttoworkinthefielduntiltherain______(stop).Thedatewaslikeanyotherdayinhislife.AfterschoolBillwalkedpasttheshoponthestreetcorner.Hestoppedtolookatthefrontrowofshoes,andhefeltsorryforhimself.Hereallywantedtohaveapairforhisbirthday.Hesadlywalkedawayandthoughtofwhattotellhismotherheknewshewouldgivehimanythingifshecould.Buthealsoknowverywellshehadlittlemoney.Hedecidenottogohomeatonce,ashelookedworriedandhedidn’twanttomakehismotherworryaboutit.Sohewenttotheparkandtherehesatonthegrass.Thenhesawagirlinawheelchair.Hefoundthatthegirlmovedthewheelswithherhands.Billlookedathercarefullyandwassurprisedtoseethatthegirlhadnofeet.Helookeddownathisownfeet.“itismuchbettertobewithoutshoesthanwithoutfeet.”Itwasnotrightforhimtofeelsosorryandsad.Hewentawayandsmiled,thinkinghewasmoreluckyinlife.1,BillwassosorrythatAtheshoesintheshopwerenottherightsizeforhi