高中英語語法Ving用法詳解PPT學習教案

會計學1高中英語語法Ving用法詳解一.含義動詞的-ing形式是非謂語動詞的一種形式，不能單獨充當謂語。二.構(gòu)成1.構(gòu)成:動詞原形+-ing2.規(guī)則:①一般情況，直接+ing;②以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e+ing;③以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫這個輔音字母再加ing;④以ie結(jié)尾，變ie為y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying.關(guān)鍵詞：含義構(gòu)成特征分類成分用法形式運用第1頁/共48頁三.特征1.動詞的-ing形式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等詞的特點.2.動詞的-ing形式由動詞變來,所以保留了動詞的某些特征,如它可以有自己的賓語,狀語等.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.四.分類1.動名詞:動詞的-ing形式相當于名詞在句中的用法.2.現(xiàn)在分詞:具有動詞的特征，可以表示一個正在進行的、主動的動作.第2頁/共48頁小結(jié)：doing為非謂語動詞，由do原形+ing構(gòu)成，不能單獨充當謂語,可以充當1.主語2.賓語3.表語4.定語5.狀語6.賓語補足語。doing現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞具有名詞，動詞的特性具有adj.，adv.的特性主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞成分形式√√√√√√√√××××第3頁/共48頁做主語和賓語的肯定是_________；做狀語和賓補的肯定是__________。Examples:1)Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞做主語和賓語)2)Becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.(現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語)3)IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補足語)動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞第4頁/共48頁1.做主語1.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.3.Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.五.用法：第5頁/共48頁小結(jié)：1．特征：單個的動詞-ing形式作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.句型：1）doing作主語句型：Doing….+V+O

2）但有些含有動名詞的句型，為避免句子主語太長，通常用it作形式主語，-ing形式作真正的主語。下面列舉幾種最常見的句型：Eg.It’snousecryingoverspilt（傾倒出）milk.①It+be+nogood/usedoing…做…無益/無用第6頁/共48頁It’sawasteoftimethinkinghardaboutthepast.②It+be+awasteoftimedoing…做…是浪費時間Thebookisworthreading.③It+be+worthdoing…做…值得Thereisnoharmindoingso.④There+be+no+n.+in+doing…做…沒有…第7頁/共48頁2.作賓語

(動詞賓語和介詞賓語）

Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.Ienjoy

learningEnglish.(動詞賓語）

Iamfondof

watchingTV.（介詞賓語）

第8頁/共48頁動詞+賓語①只接doing②只接todo③doing和todo皆可，意義區(qū)別很大④doing和todo皆可，意義區(qū)別不大第9頁/共48頁①以下動詞須用doing做賓語1)記憶口訣：雙P延期

兩建議否認

錯過了

練習考慮

完成

不耽擱喜歡設(shè)想

不介意面對

堅持

不放棄避免

冒險

請原諒

對應(yīng)單詞：postpone,putoff,suggest,advisedeny,miss,practiceconsider,finish,delay

fancy,enjoy,appreciate,imagine,mindface,insiston,giveupavoid,risk,excuse,forgive第10頁/共48頁2)need,require,want+doing=needtobedone注意:主動表被動動詞want，need，require作“需要”解時，后面的動詞用動名詞作賓語時，且與句子主語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，這個動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。3)giveup,can’thelp,lookforward,havetrouble….+doingEg1.Mycoatneeds

washing.

=Mycoatneedstobewashed.Eg2.Ilookforwardtoreceiving

yourletter.

第11頁/共48頁②下列動詞常以動詞不定式（todo）作賓語。三個希望兩答應(yīng)兩個要求莫拒絕設(shè)法學會做決定不要假裝在選擇hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose

想要拒絕命令需要努力學習,期望同意幫助希望決定開始。want;refuse;order,need;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start

第12頁/共48頁③有些動詞既可接-ing，又可接todo作賓語,區(qū)別不是很大。like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,intend,prefer,etc.Helikessinging.Helikestosing.第13頁/共48頁1)Imustremembertotakemynotebookwithme.Irememberseeinghersomewherebefore.remembertodosth.

記得要做某事。rememberdoingsth.

記得做過某事。類似詞：forget,regret,mean,stop,try,④有些動詞后既可以接doing又可以接todo作賓語,意思上有明顯差別：第14頁/共48頁2)Iforgottoposttheletter.Iforgotpostingtheletter.

forgettodosth.

忘記要做某事。

forgetdoingsth.

忘記做過某事。3)Iregrettotellyouthatyoucan’tworkhereanymore.Iregretnottakingyouradvice.

regrettodosth

對馬上要發(fā)生的事抱歉、遺憾，常和say,tell,inform等詞連用。

regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事。第15頁/共48頁4)Ididnotmeantohurtyou.Thatmeansgivingupmyjob.

meantodosth.:

有……的意圖，打算，想

meandoingsth.:

意味著……5)Hestoppedtosing.Hestoppedsinging.

stoptodosth.:

停下來正在做的事去做另一件事。

stopdoingsth.:

停止正在做的事情。6)Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneontime.Let’strydoingtheworksomeotherway.

trytodosth.:

設(shè)法、努力做某事

trydoingsth.:嘗試做某事第16頁/共48頁7）Hesaidnothingbutjustwentonworking.Afterherearlyteachingcareershewentontobecomeadoctor.

goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事

goontodosth.(做完某事)接著做另一件事8）Ican’thelptofinishherwork,becauseIhaven’tfinishedmineyet.Ican’thelpcryingwhenIheardthenews.

can’thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事

can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事第17頁/共48頁Completethesesentences:1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.*Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.*Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.readingtocometelling/totellgoingtotell第18頁/共48頁3.作表語

HisjobisteachingEnglish.=teachingEnglishishisjob.Sheiswashingthedishes.≠Washingthedishesisshe.動名詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞做表語的區(qū)別：動名詞做表語表示主語內(nèi)容，主語表語可交換位置；現(xiàn)在分詞做表語說明主語的性質(zhì)，特征，主語和表語不可交換位置。Practice：1)Learningismyduty.2)Thenewsisencouraging.動名詞做表語現(xiàn)在分詞做表語第19頁/共48頁4.作定語

a.thelaughingaudience/anamusingstory

DustinHoffmanisfamousforhisroleactingasawoman.(短語后置）

Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister.

CompareTheamusingplay=theplaythatisamusing.Thegirlsingingonthestage=Thegirlwhoissingingonthestage.第20頁/共48頁現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞

,說明其修飾名詞的動作，性質(zhì)或特征,它與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，且可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句；動名詞做定語說明被修飾名詞的功能或用途，一般是單個動名詞，放在被修飾名詞之___，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成for短語，表示“供作...之用”。前前awalkingstick(astickforwalking)(apoolforswimming)asleepingboyamovingstory_______________________(astorythatmovespeople)(aboywhoissleeping)

aswimmingpool____________________第21頁/共48頁動詞-ing形式如果是短語，應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞

，相當于__________。1.Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.（=whocomefromseveralcountries.）

2.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.（=whichofferedmethejob.）3.Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate.

（=whostandsthere

）4.Themanspeakingtotheteacherismyfather.

后定語從句(whoisspeakingtotheteacher)第22頁/共48頁Step2.

Theboywhoiscomingtodinnerthisevening

isaclassmateofmine.

Step1.TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningHeisaclassmateofmine.Step3.Theboycomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine.Wrong:Theboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine

Therearesomepeoplearewaitingatthebusstopx____第23頁/共48頁5.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，⑴分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語，⑵分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。但要注意它的各種形式變化：

Trueorfalse:1.Seeingfromthetop,theschoollooksmorebeautiful.()2.Seeingfromthetop,wefindtheschoolmorebeautiful.()

FT第24頁/共48頁主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成時6.形式：時態(tài)和語態(tài)doing

having

donehavingbeendone

beingdone

否定式主動語態(tài)否定式被動語態(tài)否定式一般否定式完成否定式

notbeingdonenothaving

done

notdoing

nothavingbeendone

第25頁/共48頁Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.聽見鈴聲，學生們開始走進教室。（聽見和進入兩個動作同時或基本同時發(fā)生）The

buildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在建造地這棟樓房室我們地新圖書館.（beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式，表示動作正在進行之中。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.（havingdonethework為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，表示動作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。）Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,

theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。（havingbeensoldout為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，表示動作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。）第26頁/共48頁Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=While_____________________thebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1）表時間狀語Iwaswaitingfor第27頁/共48頁2)表原因狀語Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Since_______a

student

youshouldstudyhard.）既然你是一個學生，你就應(yīng)該努力學習。由于想到它或許在家，所以我就給他打了電話。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.As_________hemightbeathome,Icalledhim.youareIthought第28頁/共48頁

3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語：作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作，必須是主語的一個動作，或是與謂語所表示的動作（或狀態(tài)）同時發(fā)生，或是對謂語表示地動詞（或狀態(tài)）作進一步地補充說明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)①我們乘車游覽了許多地方。

Travellingbycar,wevisitedmanyaplace.We_______bycarandvisitedmanyaplace.traveled第29頁/共48頁

②

他們笑著談著走進了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.③他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(He_______and_______againstthewall.)Laughingandtalking(They________and_________,andtheywentintotheclassroom.)laughedtalkedleanedstood第30頁/共48頁

4)表結(jié)果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲，使它成了一首最受歡迎地歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,_____________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong

(=Thesongissungalloverthecountry,andthis_____itthemostpopularsong.)makes第31頁/共48頁5)表條件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)①一直往前走，你就會看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead(Ifyou____________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.②努力吧，你會成功的。（Ifyou____________,youwillsucceed.walkaheadworkhead第32頁/共48頁6)表讓步(though/although,eventhough等）①盡管拼命地工作，他一點都不覺得累。Workiinghard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.（=Althoughheworkedhard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.)Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.（=Eventhoughthey________________,theymademepayforthedamage.②盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。knewallthis第33頁/共48頁邏輯主語one’sdoing

DoyoumindTim’ssmokinghere?Excusemeformybeinglate.Sheacceptedhisapologyforhisbeingrude.one’s

形容詞型物主代詞人稱代詞賓格名詞所有格第34頁/共48頁動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)注意比較下面兩個句子,它們有什么區(qū)別與聯(lián)系Idon’tmindsmokinghere.Idon’tmindhissmokinghere.共同點:都是相當于名詞不同點:動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)有了自己的動作發(fā)出者,如,his誰抽煙,他抽第35頁/共48頁7)與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格：-ing形式作狀語時,它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的，如果兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,只能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),即給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。

①如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.(=If____________,we'lldoanothertwoexercises)

分詞的邏輯主語是time,而句子的主語是I,兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,所以只能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。

②

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．(=whenI

forthebus,abirdfellonmyheard.)timepermitswaswaiting第36頁/共48頁獨立主格中的注意事項（1）獨立主格有時也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.

他點著燈睡著了。（2）有些固定用法作獨立成分(懸垂分詞)：

Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,considering,/taking…inconsideration,totellyouthetruth,etc.

第37頁/共48頁6.Doing作賓語補足語。句中的謂語動詞通常為a:感官動詞，如：see,notice,watch,hear,listento,feel,observe,find+sb+doing

Weheardthechildrensinginginherroom.Wewatchedthechildren

divingintothewaterfromthetopboard.第38頁/共48頁

b.役使動詞.表示“使”，“讓”的意思。

keepsbdoing保持..leavesbdoing使處于…

getsb/sthdoing讓做havesbdoing讓…做..setsb/sthdoing…使…We’llsoonhaveyouwalkingagain.

我們會不久讓你重新走起來。Ileavethemachinerunningallday.

我讓機器整天運轉(zhuǎn)著。第39頁/共48頁

MoreexamplesStep1.Peoplesawthepolice.

Thepolicewerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（簡單句）Step2.Peoplesawthepolicewhowerebreakingthewindowwithahammer.（定語從句）Step3.Peoplesawthepolicebreakingthewindowwithahammer.(doing短語作賓補）第40頁/共48頁1.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It'snouse___withhim.(06年上海高考）toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued2.Victorapologizedfor____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(04年上海高考）A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable7.運用：Grammarwork語法專練第41頁/共48頁3.I'llneverforget____Parisforthefirsttime.A.tovisitB.visitC.visitingD.visited4.Iregret________hardatschool.A.nottostudyB.nothavingstudiedC.notstudyD.havingnotstudied5.Theoldmanneeds________.lookafterB.lookingafterC.beinglookedafterD.tolookafter第42頁/共48頁6.Theproblemisworth_______.AdiscussingB.discussCbeingdiscussedD.discussed7.Pleaseremember___thelightsbefore_____theclassroom.A.turnoff;leaveB.toturnoff;leavingC.turning