2008年樣題及答案無聽力資源年級

2008NationalEnglishContestforCollegeStudents(LevelA-Sample)2008NationalEnglishContestforCollegeStudentsPartIListeningComprehension(25minutes,30marks)SectionA(10marks)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.A.Ata B.Atadepartmentstore.C.Atalawyer'sA. B. C.A.ApartyB.AtouroftheC.AdinnerA.PolicemanandB.TeacherandC.DriverandA.ToattendaB.TothebeautyC.TotheA. B. C.A.Dec.13th, B.Dec.30th, C.Nov.13th,A. B. C.AA.InlessthanthreeB.InmorethanthreeC.InthreeA.Toafriend'sB.TotheC.DosomeSectionB(5Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearonelongconversation.Theconversationwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendoftheconversation,therewillbeaone-minutepause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefivequestions,eachwiththreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.WhatdoesSusanhavetodoonSaturdayWalkthe B.Cleanthe C.GototheWhatwillSusandoatGo C.GototheWhattimeisSusanmeetingwith12:30 B.2:00 C.4:30HowdoesSusanfeelaboutherscheduleon B. C.Whycan'ttheywatchavideoatSusan'sThemachinedoesn'tTheycan'tdecideonaSusan'smotherisgoingtouseSectionC(5Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear5shortnewsitems.Aftereachitem,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthequestionandthenthethreechoicesmarkedA,BandC,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whogottomovetothenext B.Rogen C.RogerWhatdidthegunmanforcethecharitytoDelaytheoperationinthisOperateontheirownAttacktheSansWhyweretheIraqidetaineesmadetopickupBecausetheservicemanabusedtheBecausethecommandergavetheordertotheBecausethedetaineeswereWheredidtheclashIntheWestNear C.NearWhydotheIsraeliforcesthreatentocarryoutamassiveoffensiveagainsttheBecauseIsraelitroopswerebesiegedbytheBecausethemilitaryoperationbegansincelastBecausePalestinianskilledIsraelisinasuicideSectionD(10Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.Therearetenmissingwordsorphrasesinit.Fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsorphrasesyouhearonthetape.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhave(21) degreesofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappy,andtheotherbecomes(22) Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,andevents,andtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentiononthe(23) ofthings,thepleasantpartofconvention,thefineweather.Theyenjoyallthe(24) things.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyofthe(25) things.Therefore,theyarecontinually(26).Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasureofsociety,offendmanypeople,andmakethemselves(27) everywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwerefoundinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Thetendencytocriticizeandtobedisgustedisperhapstakenuporiginally(28) .Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitareconvincedofitsbadeffects(29) .Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.Althoughinfactitischiefly(30) ,ithasseriousconsequencesinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(10minutes,15Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentation whatitis B.thatisC.whatisconceivedto D.thatisbeingconceivedNewYorkCitycollects $209perfamilyperatthecost B.atsacrificeC.indemand D.insupportIwouldjustas rudelytoyounot B.youwon'tC.younot D.youdidn'tsomanypeoplebeenoutofworkasMorethanever B.NeverbeforeC.Inthepast,therenever D.Formerly,thereneverWegothomelatelast ,earlythisA. B.inother C.or D.inanyTheminersescapedthedanger A.ahair B.hairC.hair's D.ahair'sPraiseislikewarmsunshine.Itnotonlybringsjoyto whoarepraisedbutalsoaddspleasureto whopraise.A.these; B.we; C.them; D.those;Whenourimports ourexports,wesaywehaveafavorabletradebalance;however,whenourimportsandexportsaretheotherwayroundwesaywehaveanunfavorabletradefall B.fallshortC.runout D.arelackthatdistinguishhumanbeingsfromotherprimatesarerelatedtotheabilityofpeopletostanduprightandwalkontwolegs.ManyofthephysicalOfthemanyphysicalThephysicalTherearemanyphysicalClassicallogicischaracterizedbyaconcernforthestructureandelementsofargumentthatthought,language,andrealityareinterrelated.basedonthe B.onthebeliefC.beliefbasedon D.thebasedbelieffashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.Alllamps B.LampsallC.Allearly D.EarlyallIn1964 ofHenryOsakaTanner'spaintingswasshownattheSmithsonianwasamajor B.thatamajorC.acollectionwas D.amajor onThanksgivingDayinNewwhenservedissweet B.whensweetciderisC.isservedsweet D.sweetciderisRichard:Thisclassissoboring.WhenwillitDrew:Idon'tknow.Idon'tthinkIcantakeitmuchlonger.Richard:Oh,nothing.WewerediscussingtheHeyyoutwo!WhatareyoutalkingDooneofyouknowwhattheanswertothisproblemAmIboringyouThetwoofyougototheprincipal'sofficerightDeliveryman:IhaveapackagehereforBeverlyBeverly:ThatisDeliveryman:Yes,pleasesignhereontheBeverly:Thankyou.ThesemustbethenewdrapesIWhereistheDoyouhavethesender'sDoyoutakeacreditDoIhavetosignforPartIIIReadingComprehension(20minutes,40SectionA(5Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith5questions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughtheQuestions46-50arebasedonthefollowingNomatterwhatourworkis,weallhavetofacethatchoice-inmyfieldnolessthaninothers.Theremaynotbeamoreimportantfieldforthedisseminationofvaluesinourcountrythantheentirecommunicationsindustry-moststrikingly,television.Networksareverysensitivetothatfact,andtheyemploydozensofcensorstopreventallofusfromusinglanguageontelevisionthataneightyearoldmighthavetoexplaintohisparents.Butthepointthatcensorsmiss,Ithink,isthatitisnotsomuchwhatwesaythatteachesaswhatwedon'tsay.Evenprogramsthatattempttomakeamoralpointdon'talwaysmakethepointthattheyintendedto.Becausewhenwesensewearebeingsolesomething,weautomaticallydefendourselvesagainstit.Ithinkitmaybetheunspokenassumptionsthatmoldanaudience.Lookattheway,forinstance,thatviolenceistreatedontelevision.Itisnotonlythequantitythatoffends.ThereprobablyisnomoreviolenceontelevisionthanthereisinaShakespeareantragedy.ButontelevisionyoufindunfeltviolenceandinShakespeareyoutendtofindfeltviolence.InShakespearethecharactersreactwithahumanresponse:Theyfear,theyhurt,theymourn.Mostofthetimeontelevision,violenceisdealtwithbysweepingitundertherugasfastaspossibleandbyhavingpeoplegoonabouttheirbusinessasifnothinghadhappened.(IfIcan'thavelessviolence,Iwantatleastabettergradeofviolence.)Oneoftheunspokenassumptionsisthatviolencecanbetoleratedaslongasyouignoreitandhavenoreactiontoit.Butthatseemstometobedangerouslyclosetopsychopathicbehavior.IwonderifthereisanyconnectionbetweenthelongacceptancebyourpeopleoftheVietnamWarandthethousandsandthousandsofdeathsthatwehaveseenontelevisionovertheyearsthatwerenevermourned,neverevenpausedforexcepttosellshampooforsixtyseconds.Maybeourgreatestproblemisthatwehavetwoseparatesetsofvaluesystemsthatweuse-theonewetalkaboutandtheoneweliveby.Weseemtoplaceaveryhighvalueonfairnessandonhumanconcerns.Andyetwestillhavewidespreaddiscriminationbasedonrace,sexandreligion.Youstilldon'tfindJews,blacksorotherminoritiesinanysignificantnumbersindecision-makingpositionsinthebankingindustry,forinstance.Youthinkthat'sanaccident?Ithinksomebodyputsavalueonthat.Andyoudon'tfindwomeninanysignificantnumbersindecision-makingcapacitiesinanyindustry.Why?Becauseweplaceahighervalueonappeasingthefragilemaleegothanwedoonfairnessanddecency.MaybewhatweneedisadeclarationofItcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph wewon'tbuythingsthatarewebecomedefensivewheneverwearetaughttodotelevisionisthemostimportantpartofthecommunicationTVprogramscanneversuccessfullyconveyamoralWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardviolenceonHethinksthatviolenceontelevisionshouldbetotallyViolenceontelevisionismoretolerablethantheoneinShakespeare'sViolencecanbetoleratedifyoupretendthatitdoesn'tViolence,ifunavoidable,shouldbepresentedontelevisioninamoreappropriateTheword“appeasing”(line6inparagraph3)mostprobably A. B. C. D.BycitingtheexamplesoftheJews,blacks,andotherminoritiesinthelastparagraph,theauthoraimstoshowthat it'sanaccidentthattheyareout-numberedinthedecision-makingpositionsinthebankingtheystandforonesetofvaluewhatwetalkaboutandwhatweactuallydomightbetotallyfairnessiswellrespectedinourTheauthor'stoneinwritingthetext C. D.SectionB(15Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith10questions.GooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.Forquestions51-55,Y(forYES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO) ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions56-60,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgivenintheYouhearthesamecomplaintallthetimeaspeoplegetolder:“Mymemoryisterrible.”Isitallinthemind,ordorealchangestakeplaceinthebrainwithagetojustifysuchgrumbling(抱怨)?Thedepressingansweristhatthebrain'scells,theneurons,dieanddeclineinefficiencywithage.ProfessorArthurShimamura,oftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,saystherearethreemainwaysinwhichmentalfunctionchanges.Thefirstismentalspeed,forexamplehowquicklyyoucanreacttofast-movingincidentsontheroad.Driversintheirlateteensreactquicklybuttendtodrivetoofast,whiletheoversixtiesaremorecautiousbutreactmoreslowly.Thenear-inevitableslowingwithagealsopartlyexplainswhysoccerplayersareseenasoldintheirthirties,whilegolfprofessionalsarestillintheirprimeatthatage.Thistypeofmentalslowingresultsfromareductionintheefficiencywithwhichthebrain'sneuronswork.Thefactthatadultsfindithardertolearnmusicalinstrumentsthanchildrenpointstoasecondtypeofmentallosswithage-areductioninlearningcapacity.Thepartsofthebrainknownasthetemporallobescontrolnewlearning,andareparticularlyvulnerabletotheeffectsofaging.Thismeansthat,aswegetolder,wetakelongertolearnanewlanguage,andslowertomasternewroutinesandtechnologiesatwork,andwehavetorelymoreondiariesandothermentalaids.“Workingmemory”isthethirdbrainsystemwhichisvulnerabletotheeffectsofaging.Workingmemoryisthebrain's“blackboard”,wherewejugglefrommomenttomomentthethingswehavetokeepinmindwhensolvingproblems,planningtasksandgenerallyorganizingourday-to-daylife.Absent-mindednessoccursatallagesbecauseofimperfectionsintheworkingmemorysystem-so,forinstance,youmaycontinuallyloseyourglasses,orfindyourselfwalkingintoaroomofyourhouseonlytofindthatyoucannotrememberwhatyoucameSuchabsent-mindednesstendstocreepuponusasweageandoccursbecauseourplansandintentions,whicharechalkeduponthementalblackboard,areeasilywipedoutbystraythoughtsandotherdistractions.Stressandpreoccupationcanalsocausesuchabsent-mindedness,inadditiontoage-relatedchangesinthebrain.Thefrontallobesofthebrain-locatedbehindtheforeheadandabovetheeyes-arewheretheworkingmemorysystemislocated.Likethetemporallobes,whichhandlenewlearning,thefrontallobesaremorevulnerabletotheagingprocessthanotherpartsofthebrain.Thenews,however,isnotallbleak.Althoughneuronsreduceinnumberwithage,theremainingneuronssendoutnewandlongerconnectionfibers(dendrites)tomaintainconnectionsandallowustofunctionreasonablywellwithonlyrelativelysmalldropsinability.Thisandotherevidencesuggeststhattheprinciple“useitorlostit”mightapplytotheagingbrain.ProfessorShimamurastudiedagroupofuniversityprofessorswhowerestillintellectuallyactive,andcomparedtheirperformanceonneuropsychologicaltestswiththatofothersoftheiragegroup,aswellaswithyoungerpeople.Hefoundthatonseveraltestsofmemory,thementallyactiveprofessorsintheirsixtiesandearlyseventiesweresuperiortotheircontemporaries,andasgoodastheyoungerpeople.Researchonanimalsprovideevenstrongerevidenceoftheeffectsofstimulationonthebrainstructure.ProfessorBryanKolb,oftheUniversityofLethbridgeinCanada,hasshownthatanimalskeptinstimulatingenvironmentsshowsprouting(生長)andlengtheningoftheconnectingnervefibersincomparisonwithanimalskeptinunstimulatingenvironments.Thebeneficialeffectsofcontinuedmentalactivityareshownbythefactthatoldercontestantsinquizshowsarejustasfastandaccurateinrespondingtogeneralknowledgequestionsasyoungercompetitors,suggestingthatatleastpartoftheirintellectualapparatusissparedtheeffectsofagingbecauseofpracticeandskill.Suchfindingsleadtotheintriguingpossibilityof“mentalfitnesstraining”toaccompanyjoggingandworkoutsforthehealthconscious.ResearchinStockholmbyProfessorLarsBackmanandhiscolleaguehasshownthatolderpeoplecanbetrainedtousetheirmemorybetter,withtheeffectsofthistraininglastingseveralyears.Justaspeoplegobaldorgreyatdifferentrates,sothesameistruefortheirmentalfaculties.Whythisshouldbethecaseformemoryandothermentalfunctionsisnotyetclear.IfProfessorShimamuraisright,thenthedegreetowhichpeopleuseandstretchtheirmentalfacultiesmayalsohavearoletoplay.ThepassagegivesadescriptionofseveralmethodsoftestingmentalProfessorShimamuraidentifiedanumberofareasinwhichmentalfunctionmayAsthetemporallobesofthebrainareaffectedbyaging,itbecomeshardertopickupnewResearchindicatesthatphysicaltrainingcanhelptoimproveTakingpartinquizzesisthebestwaytostimulatetheAbsent-mindednessisnot Scientistsdonotunderstandwhy declineatdifferentIfapersonisunder maybecomemoreWhenthefrontallobesofthebrainareaffectedbyaging,thereisagradualdeterioration.Ifananimal'sbrainiskeptactiveand SectionC(10Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedby5questions.Readthepassagecarefully,thenanswerthequestionsinamaximumof10words.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Questions61-65arebasedonthefollowingAlarmedbya20-yeardeclineinstudentachievement,Americanschoolsareconsideringmajorupheavalsinthecareerstructureofteachers,schoolboardsaroundthecountryareplanningtoabandontraditionalsalaryschedulesandsingleoutoutstandingteachersformassivepayrise.TheideaisregardedwithdeepsuspicionbytheUnitedStates'biggestteachers'unions,theNationalEducationAssociationandtheAmericanFederationofTeachers.Theysaythecreationofacadreofeliteteacherswillsourprofessionalrelationshipsandencourageteacherstocompeteinsteadofcooperate;theyalsoquestionwhetherafairwaycanbedevisedtotellwhichteachersreallydoperformbetterthantheircolleagues.Butheightenedpublicanxietyaboutsecondaryeducationappearstohavegiventhemasterteacherconceptunstoppablepoliticalmomentum.FloridaandTennesseeareracingtointroduceambitiousstatewidemasterteacherschemesbeforetheendoftheyear.Lessgrandioseproposalstopayteachersonthebasisofmeritinsteadofseniorityhavealreadybeenimplementedincountlessschooldistricts.AndtheSecretaryofEducation,Mr.TerrelBell,recentlypromisedsubstantialincentivegrantstostateswhichintendtofollowtheirexample.Lowpayisbelievedtobethesinglemostimportantreasonfortheflightfromteaching.TheaveragesalaryofateacherintheUnitedStatesisjustunder$19,000,muchlessthanthatofanengineer($34,700)andnotmuchmorethanthatofasecretary($16,500).Tomakeendsmeetitiscommonforteacherstotakesecondjobsintheeveningandintheirsummerholidays,andwomen,whousedtomakeupthebulkofteachercandidatesareturningtobetterpaidprofessions.Theunionsinsistthattheanswertothisproblemistoincreasethebasicpayofallteachers,butmoststateswouldfindthattooexpensive,theywouldbebetterabletoaffordschemesthatconfinepayincreasestoasmallnumberofexceptionalteachers.Championsoftheideasayitwouldatleastholdoutthepromiseofhighpayandstatustobrightgraduateswhoareconfidentoftheirabilitytodowellintheclassroom,butaredeterredbythepresentmeageropportunitiesforOneofthefirstlarge-scaletestsofthisapproachwillcomeinTennessee,whereayearofpainstakingnegotiationshasjustovercomebitterunionoppositiontoawide-rangingmasterteacherscheme.Tennesseepromisedthattheywillallocate$300millionaseducationbudget.Inreturnforachancetoearnbiggersalariesandfasterpromotion,teacherswillsubjectthemselvestocloserscrutiny.TheTennesseeplanwillmakeitharderforpoorteacherstojointheprofession.Beginnerswillhavetoserveaprobationaryyearbeforequalifying,andanotherthreeapprenticeyearsbeforereceivingtenure.Apprenticeteacherswhofailtoreacharequiredstandardwillnotbeallowedtostayon.Survivorswillbedesignated“careerteachers”andgivenachancetoclimbthroughthreecareerrugsandearnbonusesofupto$7,000.Advancementwillnotbeautomatic.TheperformanceofeachteacherwillbecloselyassessedbycommitteesofteachersdrawnfromotherWhatsupportisthefederalgovernmentofferingtostatesthatsetupamasterteacherWhat'sthepurposeofthemasterteacherInthestateofTennessee,howwillteachersbeWhatisthemainideaoftheWhatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutthemasterteacherSectionD(10Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Readthepassagecarefullyandcompletethesummarybelowbychoosingnomorethanthreewordsfromthepassage.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Questions66-70arebasedonthefollowingTheUnitedBritain(orGreatBritain)isanislandthatliesoffthenorth-westcoastofEurope.ThenearestcountryisFrance,whichis20milesawayandfromwhichBritainisseparatedbytheEnglishChannel.TheislandissurroundedbytheAtlanticOceantothewest,andtheNorthSeatotheeast.ItcomprisesthemainlandsofEngland,WalesandScotland,thatis,threecountries.Scotlandisinthenorth,whileWalesisinthewest.Ireland,whichisalsoanisland,liesoffthewestcoastofBritain.ItconsistsofNorthernIrelandandtheIrishRepublic.BritaintogetherwithNorthernIrelandconstitutetheUnitedKingdom(UK).Thus,theUnitedKingdomiscomposedoffourcountries,thelargestofwhichisEngland.ThecapitalcityisLondon,whichissituatedinsouth-eastEngland.TheUKhasatotalareaofabout244,100squarekilometres(94,248squaremiles).About70%ofthelandareaisdevotedtoagriculture,about7%iswasteland,moorlandandmountains,about13%isdevotedtourbandevelopment,and10%isforestandwoodland.ThenorthernandwesternregionsofBritain,thatisScotlandandVales,aremainlymountainousandhilly.Partsofthenorth-westandcentreofEnglandalsoconsistofmountainsandhills.Britainhasagenerallymildandtemperateclimate.Itis,however,subjecttofrequentIthasanaverageannualrainfallofabout120 (47In1998thepopulationoftheUnitedKingdomwasnearly59million.Thedensityofpopulationwasapproximately240peoplepersquarekilometre.However,inEngland,where83%ofthepopulationlive,thedensitywasmuchhigher,about363persquarekilometre.IntheUK,Englishisthefirstlanguageofthevastmajorityofpeople.However,inwesternWales,Welshisthefirstlanguageformanyofthepeople.InScotlandonlyasmallnumberofpeoplespeakInBritainabout66%ofthepopulationsaythattheyareChristian,whilefewerthan5%saythattheybelongtootherreligions.Britainisanislandthat(66) theAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea.ItcomprisesthemainlandsofEngland,WalesandScotland.Ireland(67) thewestcoastofBritain.It NorthernIrelandandtheIrishRepublic.TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofBritaintogetherwithNorthernIreland.ThecapitalcityisLondonwhich(69) In1998thepopulationoftheUKwasnearly59million.Thedensityofpopulationwas240peoplepersquarekilometre.IntheUKEnglishisthefirstlanguageofmostpeople.InwesternWales,Welsh(70) manyofthepeople,butfewpeopleinScotlandspeakGaelic.PartIVCloze(15minutes,15SectionA(5Directions:Thereare5blanksinthepassage.Foreachblank,somelettersofthewordhavebeengiven(notexceeding3letters).Readthepassagebelowandthinkofthewordwhichbestfitseachblank.Useonlyonewordineachblank.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Languageislearnedprimarilythroughcommunicationwithotherpeople.Researchshowsthatthemorecommunicationchildren(71)exp athome,thebetterdevelopedtheirlanguageskillswillbe.Childrenneedtotalkwellinordertolearnwell.Thisisespeciallyimportantforthedevelopmentofnativelanguageskillssincethelanguageisoftenreinforcedbythechild'senvironmentoutsideschool.However,the(72)qu ofcommunicationisjustasormoreimportantthanquantityalone.Thelanguageadultsusehelpschildrenbecomeawareofthemanydifferentaspectsofobjectsandeventsaroundthem.Forexample,duringashoppingtriptothemarketorstore,adultscandevelopchildren'sconceptsbybringingtheirattentiontotheshapes,colors,sounds,textures,andsizesofobjectsandeventsaroundthem.Parentscandothisnaturallythroughconversationwithout(73)di teaching.Inotherwords,conversationwithchildrenineverydaysituationsexpandstheirmindsanddevelopstheirthinkingskills.Inadditiontoconversingwithchildren,adultscanhelppreparetheirchildrentosucceedinschoolby(74)en themtotakeanactiveinterestinbooksandintheprintthatsurroundsthemintheenvironment.Thechild'sfirstmajortaskinschoolislearningtoread.Childrenwhocometoschoolwithknowledgethattheprintaroundthemcarriesimportantmeaningand usually(75)su inlearningtoreadrapidly.SectionB(10Directions:Thereare10blanksinthepassage.Usethewordgivenineachblankettoformawordthatfitsineachblank.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Forensicscience(法庭科學(xué))means(76) (use)sciencetosolvecrime.Butwhatexactlydoesaforensicscientistdo?Atthesceneofcrime,thecrimescene(77) (investigator)willthoroughlyexaminethearea.Theywilllookforfingerprintsandpalmprints;marksoftoolsandweapons;marksfromshoes;fibersfrom(78) (cloth);bodyfluids.Increasingly,CSIs(=crimesceneinvestigators)areusingspecializedtechniques,onsite,todeterminewhichareastoconcentratetheirinvestigationon.Aforensicpathologist(法醫(yī))specializesinexaminingdeadbodiestodeterminehowandwhendeathoccurred.Aswellas(79) (examine)thebody,eitheronsiteorthroughphotos(80) (take)atthescene,theforensicpathologistmayalsouseX-rayimaging(X光成像技術(shù))andwillusuallyconductanautopsy(尸體解剖).Thepathologistwillalsotakesamplesofbodytissues,likeblood,liverorhair,forfurther(81)Anewformofidentification(82) (rely)onDNA,whichcarriesthegenetic(基因的)informationofeachperson.Everyone'sDNAisdifferent(exceptforidenticaltwins).DNAfingerprintingallowspolicetoidentifyanindividualinthesamewayasfingerprintsdo.DNAprofiles(DNA片斷)areaverypowerful(83) (mean)ofdeterminingwhethertwoormoresamplesmayormaynothavecomefromthesameperson.IfDNAprofilesdonotmatch,they(84) (come)fromdifferentpeople.However,iftheydomatch,thereisstillaveryslightchancethattheymayhavecomefromdifferentpeople.DNAanalysisdoesnotenablescientiststobuildupapictureofapersonfromDNA.Theonly(85) (character)thattheDNAtellsusisthesexoftheperson.PartVTranslation(15minutes,15SectionA(8Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesofthefollowingpassageintoChinese.RemembertowritetheanswersontheAnswerSheet.Ifanationisessentiallydisunited,itislefttothegovernmenttoholdittogether.(86)Thisincreasestheexpenseofgovernment,andreducescorrespondinglytheamountofeconomicresourcesthatcouldbeusedfordevelopingthecountry.Anditshouldnotbeforgottenhowsmallthoseresourcesareinapoorandbackwardcountry.Wherethecostofgovernmentishigh,resourcesfordevelopmentarecorrespondinglylow.Thismaybeillustratedbycomparingthepositionofanationwiththatofaprivatebusinessenterprise.Anenterprisehastoincurcertaincostsandexpensesinordertostayinbusiness.Forourpurposes,weareconcernedonlywithonekindofcost-thecostofmanagingandadministeringthebusiness.Suchadministrative