新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專題1第6 體裁微解記敘文 (含解析)

第6講體裁微解——記敘文記敘文是以寫人、記事、狀物為主要內(nèi)容，以記敘和描寫為表達(dá)方式的文章。一篇記敘文，無論長短都應(yīng)該是一個完全獨(dú)立的事實(shí)，描寫人物、地點(diǎn)、事件和過程，表達(dá)作者的某種情感。主要具有以下特點(diǎn)：選材新穎、生動、真實(shí)、典型的素材描寫，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺。內(nèi)容記敘文應(yīng)該包括六要素，即：時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果?？梢园词录l(fā)生的時間順序?qū)懀部梢园词录l(fā)生的先后寫。形式順敘、倒敘、插敘。語言一般過去時為主，各種時態(tài)為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動詞時態(tài)是英語記敘文首要的語言特征；多用動詞，尤其是動態(tài)強(qiáng)的行為動詞是英語記敘文又一個明顯的語言特征。命題主要集中在多個事件的先后順序與人物的情感態(tài)度上。高考英語記敘文設(shè)題主要集中在細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題，因此，閱讀這類文章時，應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，一方面要依據(jù)文章的順序和故事的發(fā)展弄清一系列事件的先后順序以及它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，必要時可以對事件進(jìn)行排序；另一方面，還要根據(jù)人物的處境和描寫、議論時所用的特定詞語來準(zhǔn)確把握人物的情感與態(tài)度，做到入情入境，特別要留意描寫和議論時所用的形容詞和副詞。具體答題策略如下：策略指導(dǎo)技法解讀弄清六要素何人、何時、何地，因何原因做了何事，結(jié)果如何，有何啟示或感想。弄清寫作目的證明一個觀點(diǎn)；贊美某種美德；譴責(zé)某種罪惡；提供娛樂。關(guān)注開頭和結(jié)尾把握事情的動向，尾段經(jīng)常是主題的升華所在。關(guān)注情感主線分析事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，弄清人物關(guān)系，透析文章的情感主線。(2022·浙江1月·A)Fornearlyadecadenow，Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis(危機(jī))inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate(房地產(chǎn))firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday，whiledrivingnearherhome，shesawadogwanderingontheroad，clearlylost.Shetookithome，andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure，but1，600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth’spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana，WashingtonandOregon，shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace，shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming，heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather，shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold，becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniacoast，awayfromherparents，wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30，000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn’tworkinsummer，asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar，evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes，shegetsrestless—thesameoldwanderlustreturning.It’sacallshemusthandlealone，though.Merebethsays，“WhenI’montheroadI’mjustinmyownworld.I’vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述Merebeth從事的新工作。近十年來，她一直是一名自營寵物運(yùn)輸專家。21．WhydidMerebethchangeherjob?A．Shewantedtoworknearherhome.B．Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.C．HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.D．Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thedownturnhittherealestate(房地產(chǎn))firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.”可知，Merebeth之所以換工作，是因?yàn)樗郧暗墓椭髌飘a(chǎn)了。故選D。22．Theword“wanderlust”inparagraph2meansadesireto.A．makemoneyB．tryvariousjobsC．beclosetonatureD．traveltodifferentplaces答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞后兩句“她自豪地說，除了蒙大拿州、華盛頓州和俄勒岡州，她走遍了美國所有的州。如果她想去一個新的地方，她只需要在那里找到一個有運(yùn)輸需要的寵物。她風(fēng)雨無阻地旅行?！笨芍嬀€詞的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故選D。23．WhatcanwelearnaboutMerebethinhernewjob?A．Shehaschancestoseerareanimals.B．Sheworkshardthroughouttheyear.C．Shereliesonherselfthewholetime.D．Sheearnsabasicandtax-freesalary.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“WhenI’montheroadI’mjustinmyownworld.I’vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.”可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故選C。A(2022·安徽鼎尖聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Reilly，mydaughter’syellowLabradorRetriever，enjoyslifeinthecountry.He’sfriendly，playfulandintelligent.Reillyhasanactivelifestyle.Buthe’sbuiltlikeatankasafoodie.Reillywatcheseverypiecethatgoesfromourhandstoourmouths.Dropit，andwedon’tstandachanceofbeatinghimtoit.It’sgoneinoneswallow.Ifwe’repreparingdinnerandignoringhim，hecatchestheedgeofhiswide-mouthedcheese-ballfarwithhisjawsintothekitchen.Hishopeisthatsomeonewilldropdoggietreatsinhisjar.Hedropsitwithaloudnoiseontothehardwoodfloor.Reilly’shungry，yousee.He’salwayshungry.Nobodywillrefusetotreathim.Thenhewilltakethejarawayanddropitonthefloorsothatthetreatsbounceout，andhethrowshimselfontothemasfastaslightning.Helovesthisgame!Oneday，Reillydisappeared，andmydaughterErindidn’tknowwherehewent.Heisn’tallowedtoleavetheyard，andusuallyhedoesn’t.Buthedidthatday.Erinwasworriedandwalkedtoneighbors’homeslookingforhim.NoReilly.Sometimelater，thebigdogwasback...andnotempty-handed.Inhishugemouthwasadeliciousroastbeef，stillwarm.Erinfeltlightheaded.Whosedinnerwasthis？Wheredidhegetit？Whatwouldpeoplethinkwhentheywentoutdoorsandfoundtheirgrillemptyandtheirroastgone?Nobodyseemedtoknowathingaboutit.OnebigyellowLabknew，ofcourse，buthewasn’ttalking.“Oh，Reilly，whathaveyoudone？”mydaughtersaid.Tothisday，notasingleneighborhasreportedsuchatheft.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者女兒Erin的愛犬Reilly非常喜歡吃東西，一次Reilly獨(dú)自出門，回來時嘴里叼著一塊熱乎的牛肉，主人至今不知道這塊牛肉是怎么來的。1．WhatisReillylike?A．Heisclumsy.B．Heisaggressive.C．Hehasahugeweight.D．Healwaysfollowsorders.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的第四句“Buthe’sbuiltlikeatankasafoodie.”可推知，它的身材像一輛坦克，所以肯定很重。故選C。2．HowdoesReillymanagetogetfoodfromthekitchen?A．Bymakingloudnoisewithitsjar.B．Byjumpingontothefoodquickly.C．Bydroppinghimselfontothefloor.D．Bybarkingatthepersonwhoiscooking.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四、五句可知，Reilly通過把自己的罐子扔在地上發(fā)出聲響，來告訴做飯的人它餓了，做飯的人總會給它食物。故選A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ightheaded”inparagraph3mean?A．Relieved. B．Confused.C．Recharged. D．Clearheaded.答案B解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Inhishugemouthwasadeliciousroastbeef，stillwarm.”和下文“Whosedinnerwasthis？Wheredidhegetit？Whatwouldpeople...emptyandtheirroastgone？”可知，當(dāng)Erin看到Reilly嘴里叼著一塊熱乎的牛肉回來，心里想到很多問題，說明她感到“困惑”。confused意為“困惑的”。故選B。4．Whatcanbeknownaboutthebeef?A．ItwasatreatfromErin.B．Reillystoleitfromathief.C．Itssourceremainsamystery.D．Reillyrefusedtotellitstruth.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，似乎沒有人知道這件事，時至今日，沒有一位鄰居提過失竊。由此可推知，這塊牛肉來自哪里仍然是個謎。故選C。BCimabue，thegreatestpainteroftheMiddleAgesinItaly，wassurprisedonedayafterhislunchbreaktodiscoverthataflyhadseateditselfunderthenoseofacharacterthathehadbeenworkingon.Heswatted(重拍)atthefly，butitdidnotmove.Hereachedouttotouchtheinsect，onlytofinditwasonlywetpaint.Turningaround，hesawthathisapprentice(學(xué)徒)，Giotto，waslaughing.GiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabuewasaway，anditlookedsorealthatCimabuehadbeencompletelyfooled.GiottodiBondonewasbornintoapoorfamilyinavillage.Legendhasitthatoneday，whenCimabuewaswanderingaroundthecountryside，hespottedayoungshepherdboydrawingpicturesofhissheep，whichweresovividthatCimabueimmediatelyaskedhimtocometoFlorenceandlearnhowtopaint.ThatwashowGiotto’sstorybeganinFlorence，wheretheyoungstudentflourishedunderCimabue’sinstructionandsoonsurpassedhismasterinskill.Atthattime，peopleinpaintingsdidn’tlookreal，andthesymbolismofartwasdifficultforviewerstoconnectwithit.Innovation(創(chuàng)新)wasnotstressed，soarthadremainedthesameforhundredsofyears.However，Giottothoughtartshouldbesomethingmoreconnectedwithpeopleinamorerealisticway.Hismasterpiecesincludedthefortymajorfrescoes(壁畫)fortheArenaChapel.Adoptingmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonthen，hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem，insteadoftheoverlytallandboxypeoplethatotherartistspainted.Hecreatedthree-dimensionalspacebyusingperspective，somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.Inadditiontopainting，Giottowrotepoetryanddrewarchitecturalplans.WhenGiottowasinhissixties，hepaintedtheOgnissantiMadonna，anotherfamousworkofart.Hecontinuedworkinguntiltheageofseventy.TheideasGiottobroughttopaintingthroughouthisliferevolutionizedtheartworldandmadehimoneofthegreatestpaintersever.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了意大利偉大的畫家喬托·迪·邦多納，他給繪畫注入的思想徹底改變了藝術(shù)界，還使他成為有史以來最偉大的畫家之一。5．Whatdoestheanecdoteinparagraph1tellusaboutGiotto?A．Hishumor. B．Histalent.C．Hiscourage. D．Hisdetermination.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句可知，有一次喬托趁契馬布埃不在時偷偷在他所畫的人物臉蛋上畫了一只栩栩如生的蒼蠅。當(dāng)契馬布?；貋砗螅乓詾檎?，多次嘗試將這只煩人的“蒼蠅”趕走。這件軼事主要告訴我們喬托的才能。故選B。6．HowdidCimabuefeelaboutGiotto’spaintingwhentheyfirstmet?A．Impressed. B．Hesitant.C．Doubtful. D．Amused.答案A解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，契馬布埃第一次見喬托時，對他的畫感到印象深刻。故選A。7．WhatmadeGiotto’sworksdistinguishedatthattime?A．Vividcolors.B．Classicskills.C．Originalcomposition.D．Lifelikequality.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句、第四段第一句和第三句可知，喬托的畫因逼真的特點(diǎn)而與眾不同。故選D。8．WhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesGiotto’sstory?A．Greatmindsthinkalike.B．Innovationisthevitalityofart.C．Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.D．Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystart.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，當(dāng)時的藝術(shù)因沒有創(chuàng)新而止步不前，結(jié)合第四段第三句的“Adoptingmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonthen”及最后一段最后一句可知，最能總結(jié)喬托的故事的是B項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新是藝術(shù)的生命力”。故選B。強(qiáng)化練(十二)記敘文AWhencloudsofradiationbeganstreamingintotheairaroundtheFukushimanuclearplant，160,000residentsweretoldtosimplycutandrun.However，itseemsonly159,998residentslistened.Theothertwo—NaotoMatsumuraandSakaeKato—remained.Thetwomenwouldgiveupeverythingratherthanletotherbeingsstarve.Livingwithinthe12.5-mileexclusionzonearoundthedamagedreactor，thetwomen，unrelatedtooneanother，bothlivealonewhiletakingcareofdozensofanimalsthatwereleftbehindwhentheevacuationorderwasgiven.ReportsfromReutersandDWstatethat57-year-oldKatohas41catswholivewithhiminhishomeinthemountains—alongwithadogheadoptednamedPochi.Katosayshewillstaywithhiscatsandensuretheyarecomfortableallthroughtheirlives.Matsumuraleftthecityatfirst，butreturnedshortlyafterforhisownanimals.Oncereturned，thenow55-year-oldrealizedthateveryoneelse’spetsandlivestockwerestillthere，sohebegantakingcareofabroadcommunityofanimalsincludingpigs，cats，dogs，ponies，ostriches，andcows.GNNreportedthathewentbackinsidetheexclusionzoneandrealizedlocalpetdogshadnoteateninseveraldays.Afteritbecameclearthatnoonewascomingbacktotheneighborhood，hewentaroundunchainingdogsfromtrees，lettingcowsoutoftheirbarns，andfeedinganythinginneed，earninghimthenicknamethe“GuardianofFukushima’sAnimals”．EverythingbothKatoandMatsumuraaredoingisrisky.ThoughproudofwhatKatoandMatsumurahavedone，theirfriendsandfamilieshopethattheycanleavethedangerousarea.Yettheyseemtobedeterminedinwhattheyaredoingandbothplantostaytherewiththeiranimals，comewhatmay.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。福島的兩個當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窀试噶粼诤诵孤┑慕麉^(qū)里照料被遺棄的動物，雖然其家人不贊同這樣做，但他們決定無論如何也要跟這些動物待在一起。1．Whatdoesthephrase“otherbeings”inparagraph1probablyreferto?A．Animals. B．People.C．Plants. D．Residents.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這兩個人照顧留在核污染區(qū)的許多動物，所以畫線部分指代的是動物。故選A。2．WhatkindofpersonisSakaeKato?A．Curious. B．Caring.C．Ambitious. D．Lonely.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Kato不僅照顧自己的貓，還照顧領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的狗，確保它們一生都過得舒適，這說明他是一個有愛心的人。故選B。3．WhatdoweknowaboutNaotoMatsumura?A．Heis57yearsold.B．HeknowsKatoverywell.C．Hehasdozensofanimalstolookafter.D．Helives12.5milesfromtheexclusionzone.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段最后一句可知，NaotoMatsumura照顧著幾十只貓、狗等動物。故選C。4．Whatcanweinferaboutthetwomenfromthetext?A．Theywillfollowtheadviceoftheirfamilies.B．Theywillcallonmorepeopletoprotectanimals.C．Theystayinthemountainstoenjoyloneliness.D．Theyhavenoregardfortheirownsafety.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和最后一段可知，輻射區(qū)對人是有危害的，但這兩個人依然待在里面照顧各種動物。家人和朋友希望他們離開，但他們依然不顧自身安危決定留下來。故選D。BOnJanuary22，2022，theBritish-Belgian，19-year-oldZaraRutherford，successfullylandedhertwo-seatmicrolightaircraftbackattheKortrijk-WevelgemAirport，fromwhereshehaddeparted155daysago，fulfillingherdreamtobetheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo.“IfeelexcitednotonlytobreaktheGuinnessWorldRecord，butalsotodiminishthegendergapby11yearsbetweenthecurrentyoungestmalerecordholderTravisLudlow，18atthetimeofhisrecord，andthepreviousfemalerecordholderShaestaWaez，whowas30whenshecompletedher‘DreamsSoar’around-the-worldflight，”Rutherfordwroteonherblog.Rutherford’sjourneycrossingfivecontinentsand52countriesbeganonAugust18，2021.Sheencounterednumerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.TheyincludedanunscheduledstopinRedding，California，duetowildfiresandamonth-longstopinNome，Alaska，torenewherRussianvisa.Shealsofacedseveralchallengesintheair.WhenflyingfromIcelandtoGreenland，Rutherfordlostradiocontactwithhergroundteamformuchofthe3-hourflight.TheincidentsalsoresultedinherhavingtocrossoverRussiainsub-zerotemperatures.ThehardestpartwasflyingoverSiberia—itwasextremelycoldandiftheenginebrokedown，she’dbehoursawayfromrescue.Despitetheseveredifficulties，thedeterminedyoungpilotnevergaveuponherdream.Rutherfordgrewuparoundairplanes.HerBritishfatherfliescommercially，whileherBelgianmotherisarecreationalpilot.Theyounggirlbeganlearninghowtoflyatage14andobtainedheraviator’slicensein2020.Withhergoalofflyingaroundtheworldaccomplished，Rutherfordnowhashersightssetevenhigher.Shewantstobecomeanastronautandexplorespace.Shehopesthatherjourneywillencouragemoreyoungwomentopursuecareersinaviation.Currentlythenumberoffemalepilotsisjust5percent.Rutherfordsays，“It’saneasythingtosay，butjustgoforit.Ifyoudon’ttryandseehowhighyoucanfly，thenyou’llneverknow.”語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述ZaraRutherford成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了她成為最年輕的完成單人環(huán)球飛行的女性的夢想以及她在旅程中遇到的一些挑戰(zhàn)。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Narrow. B．Divide.C．Fill. D．Cause.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段可知，Rutherford不僅打破了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄，還將目前最年輕的男性紀(jì)錄保持者TravisLudlow和前女性紀(jì)錄保持者之間的性別差距縮小了11歲。Ludlow創(chuàng)造世界紀(jì)錄時只有18歲，而之前的女性紀(jì)錄保持者ShaestaWaez在完成“夢想翱翔”環(huán)球飛行時已經(jīng)30歲。故畫線詞的意思是“縮小”。故選A。6．WhydidRutherfordhavetostopinNome?A．Thewildfiresweretoofierce.B．HerRussianvisawasdue.C．Theweatherwastoosevere.D．Herenginebrokedown.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，Rutherford要在諾姆停留是因?yàn)樗亩砹_斯簽證到期了。故選B。7．What’sthepurposeofparagraph4?A．Toswitchtoanewtopic.B．Tosummarizeherachievements.C．Toillustrateheradmirabletalents.D．Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可推知，第四段的目的是增加Rutherford的一些背景信息。故選D。8．Whatdoesthepassagetrytoconvey?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Dreambig，aimhigh.C．Nottoadvanceistogoback.D．Thegreatesttalkers，theleastdoers.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段以及最后一段最后一句并結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容可推知，文章想表達(dá)“夢想遠(yuǎn)大，目標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)大”的思想。故選B。CNowadaysmaildeliveryisalittledifferent.Istillgetmymailfrommymailbox.Nothingbutmyneighbors’mail.Ithoughtthatwascurious.Iproceededtotakemyneighbors’mailtothem.Iwasabouttoputthemailintheirmailboxwhenatallmancamerunningout，shoutingaboutmessingwithhisfriend’smail.Hesnatched(奪過)themailfrommyhand，openedthemailboxandpointedtothemailinside，“Youwereafterthis.”Ishookmyhead，“No，believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjustbringingittothem.”Hegavemeafunnylookandwentbackintohishouse.Igottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.TheannoyedtallmanhadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyo