新視野英語教程（第四版）讀寫教程2 課件 Unit 7 Secrets of Advertising

新視野英語教程讀寫教程2第四版CONTENTSAroundtheTopic?ReadingThrough?BasicWritingSkills?ReadingMore?PracticalWriting?ChineseWisdom?SecretsofAdvertisingUnit7AAgoodadvertisementoftenhasacatchy(容易記住的)andpowerfulslogan.MatchthefollowingadvertisingsloganswiththeirEnglishtranslations.善行無跡，留一盞燈溫暖他人。關(guān)心別人，快樂自己。感謝不平凡的自己。全中國，讓心回家。21.Helpingothersmakesushappy.2.Appreciateyourselfasyouareextraordinary.3.ForeveryChineseperson,homeiswheretheheartbelongs.4.Leavealightontowarmothers:asmallgesturewithgreatkindness.BCDABWorkinpairsandtellyourpartnerwhichsloganyoufindthemostcatchyandwhy.AdditionalActivitiesWatchthevideocarefullyanddiscussthefollowingquestions:Amongthesetechniques,whichonedoyouthinkyouwouldbeattractedasanaudience,andgivesomereasons;Whichtechniquewouldyouprefertouseandwhy?AdvertisingBackgroundInformationShakespeareandHisFirstPlayWilliamShakespeare(1564–1616)wasanEnglishplaywrightandpoet.Heiswidelyviewedastheauthorofatleast37playsand154sonnets,thegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguage,andoneoftheworld’sgreatestdramatists.HisfamousplaysincludecomediessuchasAMidsummerNight’sDream(《仲夏夜之夢》)aswellastragediessuchasHamlet(《哈姆雷特》)andRomeoandJuliet(《羅密歐與朱麗葉》).Shakespeare’searliestplayisprobablyHenryVI(《亨利六世》).BackgroundInformationWilliamCaxton(1422–1491)WilliamCaxtonwasaprinter,translatorandpublisher.Heprintedover100booksinhislifetime,andthesebookswereknownfortheircraftsmanship(工藝)andcarefulediting.CaxtonsetupapressinBruges,Belgium,inabout1474,andthefirstbookprintedinEnglishwaspublishedtherethenextyear.BackgroundInformationIndustrialRevolutionTheIndustrialRevolutionreferstothetransitiontonewmanufacturingprocessesincountriessuchasGreatBritain,Germany,andtheUnitedStatesfromaround1760stotheearly20thcentury.Thistransitionincludedgoingfromhandproductiontotheuseofmachines,particularlytheuseofsteampowerandelectricity.Asaresultofthistransition,outputwasgreatlyincreasedandmoreproductsweremadeavailable.BackgroundInformationCivilWarTheCivilWar,alsocalledtheAmericanCivilWar,wasfoughtbetweentheUnitedStates(“theNorth”)andtheConfederacy(“theSouth”)fromApril12,1861toApril9,1865.TheresultofthewarwasthattheConfederacysurrendered(投降)andslaverywasabolishedintheentirecountry.Warming-upLivingintheinformationage,wereceiveallkindsofinformationeverydaywhetherwewantornot,andamajorsourceofsuchinformationisadvertising.Ontheonehand,advertisementshelpproductsreachagreaternumberofpotentialcustomersandallowcustomerstomakewell-informedchoices.Ontheotherhand,therehasalwaysbeenaconcernaboutwhetheradsgivetruthfulandhelpfulinformationbecausesometimesconsumersarepersuadedtobuyproductstheydon’tneed.Insummary,modernadvertisinghasbenefits,butitalsohasitsdrawbacks.Afterreadingthetext,youcandiscussthefollowingquestions:Whatadsdoyoulike?Whatadsdoyoudislike?Aretheretoomanyadstoday?Whatcanyoudotoavoidbeingaffectedbyadsinanegativeway?Warming-upQuestionsYouranswersAuthor’sanswers1.Howisadvertisingrelatedtopeople?2.Whatisadvertisingbusinesslikeinpeople’smind?3.Whatisthepurposeofanadvertisement?TextA

Advertising

Advertisingispartofourdailylives.Tofindproof,youhaveonlytoleafthroughamagazineornewspaper,orcounttheradioortelevisioncommercialsthatyouhearinoneevening.Mostpeopleseeandhearamassofadvertisingmessageseveryday.Andpeoplerespondtothemanydevicesthatadvertisersusetogaintheirattention.廣告廣告是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠?。要證明這一點，你只需瀏覽一下某份雜志或報紙，或者數(shù)一下你一個晚上收聽到的廣播或收看到的電視中商業(yè)廣告有多少就行了。大多數(shù)人每天看到和聽到大量的廣告信息。人們會對廣告商為引起其注意所使用的多種手段有所反應(yīng)。TextAAdvertisingisabigbusiness—and,tomanypeople,afascinatingonefilledwithattractionandexcitement.It’spartliterature,partart,andpartshowbusiness.Advertisingisthedifficultbusinessofbringinginformationtoagreatnumberofpeople.Thepurposeofanadvertisementistomakepeoplerespond—tomakethemreacttoanidea,suchashelpingtopreventforestfires,ortomakethemwanttobuyacertainproductorservice.廣告是一個大行業(yè)——而且對許多人來說，它是個有吸引力的行業(yè)，誘人而刺激。它包含文學的成分、藝術(shù)的成分，還有娛樂的成分。廣告是一個很難發(fā)展的行業(yè)，它要把信息傳遞給許許多多的人。廣告的目的是讓人們作出響應(yīng)——讓他們響應(yīng)某一理念，比如幫助預(yù)防森林火災(zāi)，或者讓他們產(chǎn)生購買某種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的欲望。TextAAtthebeginningofthe20thcentury,advertisingwasdescribedas“salesmanship

inprint.”Ifthisdefinitionwereexpandedtoincluderadio,televisionandonlinemedia,itwouldstillstandtoday.Themosteffectivewaytosellsomethingisthroughperson-to-person

contact.Butthecostofperson-to-personsellingishigh.Becauseittakesagreatdealoftime,itincreasesthecostoftheproductorservice.Advertising,then,distributesthesellingmessagetomanypeopleatatime.20世紀初，廣告被描述為“印在紙上的銷售藝術(shù)”。如果把這個定義擴展到包括廣播、電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，那么它今天仍然成立。出售商品最有效的辦法是通過面對面的交流，但是當面銷售成本很高。因為這樣做要花費很多時間，所以產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的成本增加了。然而，廣告卻可以把銷售信息一次性傳播給許多人。TextAAdvertisingisveryold.ItcanbetracedbackatleasttothepubliccriersofancientGreece—whoshoutedoutnewsandofficialannouncementstooneandall.Butitfirstbecameimportantinthelate15thcentury,whenthetradersoftherapidlygrowingcitiesandruraltownsneededawaytotellpeoplewheretheirgoodscouldbebought.廣告非常古老，它至少可追溯到古希臘沿街高聲傳報消息的傳報員——他們大聲傳報，把新聞和官方通告告知每一個人。然而，在15世紀后期，迅速發(fā)展的城市和村鎮(zhèn)中的商人們需要有種辦法，讓人們知道在哪兒可以買到他們的貨物，這讓廣告第一次變得重要起來。TextAThefirstprintedadvertisementintheEnglishlanguageappearedaround1476,morethanacenturybeforeShakespeare’sfirstplaywasproduced.ThisearlyadvertisementwastheworkofWilliamCaxton,England’sfirstprinter,whousedittoadvertise

religiousbooksfromhisownstudio.Besidesadvertisinghisproduct,heidentifiedhisshopwithacertaintrademarksothatcustomerscouldfinditeasily.第一份印刷的英文廣告大約出現(xiàn)于1476年，比莎士比亞的第一部戲劇還早一個多世紀。這份早期廣告是英國第一位印刷商威廉·卡克斯頓的作品，他利用廣告來推銷自己工廠制作出來的宗教書籍。除了給自己的產(chǎn)品做廣告外，他還用某種商標來標明自己的商店，以便顧客能輕易找到。TextAThissamesortofsimple,informationaladvertisingisstillused.Examplesincludetheroadsidesignsthattelltravelersthattheycanbuyfreshcornjustdowntheroadorthatthereisarestaurantinthenexttown.與此相似的、簡單的信息性廣告如今仍在沿用。例如，路邊的招牌能告訴路人前方可以買到新鮮玉米或者下一個城鎮(zhèn)有家餐館。TextATheIndustrialRevolution,inthe18thand19thcenturies,hadastronginfluenceonadvertising.Largefactoriestooktheplaceofsmallworkshops,andgoodswereproducedinlargequantities.Manufacturersusedthenewlybuiltrailroadstodistributetheirproductsoverwideareas.Theyhadtofindmanythousandsofcustomersinordertostayinbusiness.Theycouldnotsimplytellpeoplewhereshoesorclothorteacouldbebought—theyhadtolearnhowtomakepeoplewanttobuyaspecificproduct.Advertisinghelpedtocreatenewmarketsandtoraisestandardsoflivingaspeoplecametofeelthattheyhadarighttonewandbetterproducts.18世紀和19世紀的工業(yè)革命對廣告業(yè)影響深遠。大工廠取代了小作坊，批量生產(chǎn)商品。生產(chǎn)商利用新修的鐵路將貨物配送到廣大區(qū)域。為了維持生意，他們得找到成千上萬的顧客。他們不能只告訴人們到哪里去買鞋子、布匹或茶葉；他們還必須學會如何使人們想要去購買某一特定產(chǎn)品。廣告有助于開拓新的市場、提高生活水平，因為人們逐漸認識到他們有權(quán)享用更好的新商品。TextAAdvertisingagenciesbegantodevelopintheUnitedStatesjustaftertheCivilWar.Atfirst,thechief

objectiveoftheseagencieswastosellspaceinthevariousmedia,mainlynewspapersandmagazines.Buttheysoonaddedtheserviceofwritingandproducingadvertisements.Fromthesemodestbeginnings,advertisinghasdevelopedintoahighly

specializedandprofitablebusiness.在美國，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)剛結(jié)束，廣告代理公司便開始發(fā)展起來。起初，這些公司的主要目標是推銷各種媒體——主要是報紙和雜志——的版面，但它們很快增加了撰寫和制作廣告的服務(wù)。雖然起步不算高，但如今廣告業(yè)已發(fā)展成了一個高度專業(yè)化和高利潤的行業(yè)。TextAThispassagegivesanaccountofthebirthofadvertising.Atfirst,themainobjectiveofadvertisingwastotellpeoplewherecertaingoodscouldbebought.Nowadays,adsareusednotonlytodistributeproductinformationbutalsotopersuadepeopletobuytheproductsorservices.MainIdeaTextATextStructure→ExercisePartsParagraphsMainideasIntroduction1Advertisingispartofourdailylives.Body2–10Thenatureofadvertising(Paras.2–5)Abriefhistoryofadvertising(Paras.6–10)Conclusion11Advertisinghasdevelopedintoahighlyspecializedandprofitablebusiness.a)Formofadvertising:partliterature,partart,partshowbusiness(Para.2)b)Purposeofadvertising:tomakepeoplereacttoanidea,ortomakethemwanttobuyacertainproductorservice(Para.3)c)Definitionatthebeginningofthe20thcentury:“salesmanshipinprint”(Para.4)d)Strength:reachingagreateramountofpeopleatatimecomparedtoperson-to-personselling(Para.5)a)FromthepubliccriersofancientGreecetoadvertisinginthelate15thcentury(Para.6)b)Informationaladvertising:thefirstprintedadvertisementaround1476androadsidesigns(Paras.7–8)c)Thebirthofmodernadvertisinginthe18thand19thcenturies:helpingcreateanewmarket(Para.9)d)Developmentofadvertisingagencies(Para.10)NEWWORDSadvertisingproofcommercialmassrespondfascinatingattractionexcitementreactsalesmanshipdefinitionmediumcontactdistributecriertraderruraladvertisereligiousstudiotrademarkinformationalroadsideworkshopspecificagencycivilchiefobjectivemodesthighlyspecializedprofitablePHRASES&EXPRESSIONSleafthroughamassofrespond/reacttoinprintagreatdealofshoutoutoneandalltaketheplaceofstayinbusinesshavea/therighttoPROPERNAMESGreeceShakespeareWilliamCaxtonIndustrialRevolutionCivilWarAdvertisementsarecommoninoureverydaylives.Advertisingispartofourdailylives.MeaningBacktoTextIfyouwanttoprovethisistrue,allyouneedtodoistakeaquicklookatamagazineornewspaper,orthinkabouthowmanyadvertisementsyouhearovertheradioorontelevisioninoneevening.Tofindproof,youhaveonlytoleafthroughamagazineornewspaper,orcounttheradioortelevisioncommercialsthatyouhearinoneevening.MeaningBacktoTextMostpeoplereadandlistentoalotofadvertisementseachday.Mostpeopleseeandhearamassofadvertisingmessageseveryday.MeaningBacktoTextAndpeoplereacttothemanytechniquesthatadvertisersusetoattractthem.Andpeoplerespondtothemanydevicesthatadvertisersusetogaintheirattention.MeaningBacktoTextWeshouldlaunchanadvertisingcampaigntopromotethesaleofournewproducts.我們應(yīng)該開展一個廣告宣傳活動來促銷我們的新產(chǎn)品。advertising[U]theactivityorbusinessofadvertisingthingsontelevision,innewspapers,etc.廣告（業(yè)）BacktoTextn.Canyoushowusanyproofofyoureducationalbackground?你能給我們出示一下有關(guān)你教育背景的證明嗎？proof[C;U]facts,information,documents,etc.thatprovesomethingistrue證據(jù)；證明BacktoTextn.Shewasleafingthroughthemagazinetofindtheadvertisementshesawtheotherday.她正匆匆翻閱那本雜志，尋找她幾天前看過的那條廣告。leafthroughturnthepagesofabookquickly,withoutreadingthemproperly匆匆翻閱BacktoTextIfellinlovewiththebrandwhenIfirstwatchedthisshampoocommercial.我第一次看到這個洗發(fā)水廣告就愛上了這個品牌。commercialn.[C]anadvertisementontelevisionorradio商業(yè)廣告BacktoTextThisisacommercialtripandwehavetovisitseveralclients.這是一次商務(wù)旅行，我們要拜訪幾位客戶。adj.relatedtobusinessandthebuyingandsellingofgoodsandservices商業(yè)的；商務(wù)的Hergardenisamassofflowers.她的花園種滿了花。mass1)[C](usuallysingular)alargeamountorquantityofsomething許多；大量BacktoTextn.Thepeopleonthedeckspottedafloatingmassoficeonthesea.甲板上的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)海面上有一大塊浮冰。2)[C]alargesolidlumporpile團；塊；堆massproduction批量生產(chǎn)[onlybeforenoun僅用于名詞前]affectingorinvolvingalargenumberofpeopleorthings大批的；數(shù)量極多的adj.NextpageAmassofskyscrapershavebeenputupinthiscityoverthepast20years.在過去20年里，這個城市建起了一大批摩天大樓。amassofalargenumberof;alotof大量；許多BacktoTextYourbodywillrespondtodailyexerciseandbuildupmorestrength.你的身體會對日常鍛煉作出反應(yīng)，并增強力量。respond1)showaresponseorareactiontosomething作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)BacktoTextAfterIwrotealettertotheinternationalstudentoffice,theyrespondedrightaway.我給留學生辦公室寫了一封信后，他們馬上給了答復(fù)。2)reply答復(fù)；回答Nextpagev.Sherespondedtothenewswithgreatjoy.聽到這消息她非常高興。Howdidyourparentsreacttoyourideaofmovingtoanothercity?你父母對于你要搬去另外一個城市這個想法作何反應(yīng)？respond/reacttofeelandexpresstheresultoreffectofsomething對……作出反應(yīng)BacktoTextInthedigitalage,advertisersalsorelyonbigdatatounderstand

theirtargetcustomersbetter.在數(shù)字時代，廣告商也在利用大數(shù)據(jù)更好地了解其目標客戶。advertiser[C]apersonorcompanythatadvertisessomething

廣告商；登廣告者BacktoTextn.Advertisingisabigmoney-makingindustry.Manypeoplefinditveryinterestingasitisbothattractiveandexciting.Advertisingisabigbusiness—and,tomanypeople,afascinatingonefilledwithattractionandexcitement.MeaningBacktoTextAdvertisingispartlycreativewriting,partlyart,andpartlyentertainment.It’spartliterature,partart,andpartshowbusiness.MeaningBacktoTextAnadvertisementaimstomakepeoplereact—tomakethemdoorsaysomethinginresponsetoacertainidea,suchashelpingtostopwildfiresfromhappening,ortopersuadethemtobuyaparticularproductorservice.Thepurposeofanadvertisementistomakepeoplerespond—tomakethemreacttoanidea,suchashelpingtopreventforestfires,ortomakethemwanttobuyacertainproductorservice.MeaningBacktoTextHowcanIeverforgetthistrulyfascinatingcountryofyours!我怎么會忘記你們這個如此令人陶醉的國家呢！fascinatingextremelyinterestingandcharming有極大吸引力的；迷人的BacktoTextadj.Beingyourownbossisoneoftheattractionsofrunningyourownbusiness.自己當老板是創(chuàng)業(yè)的誘惑力之一。attraction1)[C;U]afeatureorqualitythatmakessomethingseeminterestingorenjoyable吸引力；誘惑力BacktoTextResearchshowsthattherearephysicalsignsofattractionbetweentwopeople.研究表明，兩個人相互愛慕會通過肢體語言表達出來。2)[C;U]thefeelingoflikingsomeone,becauseofthewaytheylookorbehave愛慕；喜愛Nextpagev.Asyoumovethemagnetclosertotheironnail,theattractionbetweenthenailandthemagnetbecomesstronger.當你把磁鐵放得離鐵釘越近，磁鐵和釘子之間的吸引力就變得越強。attraction3)[C;U](technical)aforcewhichmakesthingsmovetogetherorstaytogether（術(shù)語）吸引力BacktoTextv.Shecouldhardlyhideherexcitementatthenews.得知這個消息后，她難掩激動的心情。excitement[U]thefeelingoflivelyandcheerfuljoy;thestateofbeingemotionallyarousedandworkedup激動；興奮BacktoTextn.Hissuccessasanactorintheshowbusinesswasshort-lived.他在娛樂界當演員只紅了很短一段時間。showbusinesstheentertainmentbusiness;thejobofpeoplewhoworkintelevision,themovies,thetheater,etc.娛樂界；演藝界BacktoTextPeoplereactdifferentlytothesamesituation.面對同一情況，人們的反應(yīng)會不同。react1)behaveinaparticularwayorshowaparticularemotionbecauseofsomethingthathashappenedorbeensaid（作出）反應(yīng)BacktoTextThetwosubstanceswon’treactintheabsenceofoxygen.在沒有氧氣的情況下，這兩種物質(zhì)不會發(fā)生化學反應(yīng)。2)(ofasubstance)changewhenmixedwithanothersubstance起化學反應(yīng)vi.Inthefirstfewyearsofthe20thcentury,advertisingwasknownas“theskillofsellingthroughposters,magazines,newspapers,orbooks.”Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,advertisingwasdescribedas“salesmanshipinprint.”MeaningBacktoTextTodaywecanstilldescribeadvertisingassalesmanshipwhenwelookatawiderrangeofmediasuchasradio,televisionandonlinemedia.Ifthisdefinitionwereexpandedtoincluderadio,televisionandonlinemedia,itwouldstillstandtoday.MeaningBacktoTextThemostusefulwaytosellgoodsisthroughface-to-facecommunication.Themosteffectivewaytosellsomethingisthroughperson-to-personcontact.MeaningBacktoTextAsperson-to-personsellingrequiresalotoftime,thecostoftheproductorservicebecomeshigher.Becauseittakesagreatdealoftime,itincreasesthecostoftheproductorservice.MeaningBacktoTextAdvertising,thus,deliversthekeyideaabouttheproductbeingsoldtoalotofpeopleatthesametime.Advertising,then,distributesthesellingmessagetomanypeopleatatime.MeaningBacktoTextIttooksomesalesmanshiptoincreaseourmarketshareintheregion.我們通過運用一些推銷技巧提高了在該地區(qū)的市場份額。salesmanship[U]theskillorabilitytopersuadepeopletobuythingsaspartofyourjob推銷術(shù)；銷售技巧BacktoTextn.It’sexcitingtoseemynameinprintinthenewspaper.看到自己的名字見報了，真讓人興奮。inprintprintedinabook,newspaper,etc.已刊印；已發(fā)表BacktoTextTherearemanydifferentdefinitionsofartificialintelligence.關(guān)于人工智能有很多不同的定義。definition1)[C]aphraseorsentencethatsaysexactlywhataword,phrase,orideameans定義；釋義BacktoTextAchildren’shospital,bydefinition,iswheresickkidsaretreated.兒童醫(yī)院本質(zhì)上就是患兒接受治療的地方。2)(bydefinition)asapartofthebasicnatureofsomething就本質(zhì)而言；從定義上來說n.Theissuehasbeenmuchdiscussedonsocialmedia.這一問題在社交媒體上得到了廣泛討論。medium[C](pluralmedia)awayofcommunicatinginformationandnewstopeople,suchasnewspapers,television,etc.傳播媒介（如報紙、電視等）BacktoTextn.OurofferwillstanduntilDecember.我們的報價12月前有效。standifanoffer,adecision,etc.madeearlierstands,itisstillvalid保持有效；維持不變BacktoTextvi.Technicalsupportisofferedonaperson-to-personbasis.技術(shù)支持是向個人直接提供的。person-to-person[onlybeforenoun僅用于名詞前]involvingcommunicationbetweenpeople個人之間的BacktoTextadj.Note:Thefollowingaretwomoreexamplesofthesamestructure:face-to-facetalk面對面的交談heart-to-hearttalk坦誠親切的交談Schoolsshouldbeinclosecontactwithparentsregardingtheirchildren’seducation.學校應(yīng)該與家長們在孩子的教育方面保持密切聯(lián)系。contact1)[U]theactofcommunicatingwithsomeone,especiallyregularly聯(lián)系；聯(lián)絡(luò)BacktoTextInsportslikebasketballorsoccer,bodycontactbetweenplayersishardtoavoid.在諸如籃球或足球等運動中，球員之間的身體接觸很難避免。2)[U]thestateoftouchingsomething觸摸；接觸Nextpagen.Whenthechildwasfound,thepolicecontactedhisparentsatonce.找到小孩后，警察立即和他的父母取得了聯(lián)系。contactcommunicatewithsomeonebycallingorsendingthemaletter,email,etc.聯(lián)系；聯(lián)絡(luò)BacktoTextvt.Businessesareinvestingagreatdealoftimeandmoneytoattractyoungconsumers.商家正投入大量的時間和資金來吸引年輕消費者。agreatdealofalargequantityofsomething很多；大量BacktoTextNote:“agreatdealof”isonlyusedwithuncountablenouns(不可數(shù)名詞).Whenwillthesemagazinesbereadytobedistributedtosubscribers?這些雜志什么時候可以送到訂閱者手中？distributegivesomethingouttoseveralpeople,orspreadorsupplysomething分發(fā)；分配BacktoTextvt.TheoriginofadvertisingcanbetracedatleasttothetowncriersinGreeceinancienttimes—thecriersspokeinaloudvoice,informingeveryonewhowaspassingbyaboutnewsandstatementsmadebypeopleinauthority.ItcanbetracedbackatleasttothepubliccriersofancientGreece—whoshoutedoutnewsandofficialannouncementstooneandall.MeaningBacktoTextButadvertisingstartedtoplayasignificantroleinthelate1400s.Atthattime,sellersfromthefast-growingcitiesandtownsinthecountrysidewantedamethodwhichwouldallowthemtotellpeoplewheretobuytheirgoods.Butitfirstbecameimportantinthelate15thcentury,whenthetradersoftherapidlygrowingcitiesandruraltownsneededawaytotellpeoplewheretheirgoodscouldbebought.MeaningBacktoTextSomepeoplewerenotawareofthemayor’sannouncementbecausetheylivedtoofarawaytohearthepubliccrier.有些人不知道有市長公告，因為他們住得太遠沒有聽到傳報員的傳報。crier[C]atowncrier—someoneemployedinthepasttowalkaroundthestreetsofatown,shoutingnews,warnings,etc.（昔日沿街高聲傳報消息的）公告?zhèn)鲌髥TBacktoTextn.Thecommandershoutedouttheordertohissoldiers.指揮官向戰(zhàn)士們大聲喊出命令。shoutoutsaysomethinginaloudvoicesothatitcanbeclearlyheard大聲說出BacktoTextThemoviestarwavedherhandtooneandallasshewalkedintothestudio.那位影星走進攝影棚時向每個人揮手致意。oneandalleveryone每個人；全體BacktoTextAlthoughthecompanystartedasatraderofgrains,itnowdealsinmanyotherproductsaswell.雖然公司一開始是糧食經(jīng)銷商，但是現(xiàn)在也經(jīng)營許多其他產(chǎn)品。trader[C]someonewhobuysandsellsgoodsorstocks商人；經(jīng)商者BacktoTextn.Theforestfirespreadveryrapidlybecauseofthehotweatherandstrongwind.由于天氣炎熱，風力強勁，森林大火蔓延得很快。rapidlyinaquickmanner快地；迅速地BacktoTextadv.Peoplelivinginruralareasarelesslikelytoexperiencetrafficjamsthanthosewholiveinthecity.居住在農(nóng)村的人比住在城里的人遇到交通堵塞的概率要小很多。ruralin,of,orlikethecountryside鄉(xiāng)村的；農(nóng)村的BacktoTextadj.ThisfirstadvertisementinEnglishwasmadebyWilliamCaxton,whowasthefirstpersoninEnglandtoworkintheprintingbusiness.Heusedtheadvertisementtopromoteandsellbookscontainingreligiouscontentthatwereprintedinhisownworkshop.ThisearlyadvertisementwastheworkofWilliamCaxton,England’sfirstprinter,whousedittoadvertisereligiousbooksfromhisownstudio.MeaningBacktoTextInadditiontousingadvertisementstopromotehisgoods,Caxtonusedaparticularsymboltorepresenthisshop,sothatbuyerscouldfinditwithoutdifficulty.Besidesadvertisinghisproduct,heidentifiedhisshopwithacertaintrademarksothatcustomerscouldfinditeasily.MeaningBacktoTextIstronglysuggestthatweadvertiseourproductsonsocialmediaplatformstoreachmoreyoungconsumers.我強烈建議我們在社交媒體平臺上做廣告推廣我們的產(chǎn)品，讓更多的年輕消費者知道。advertisebellthepublicaboutaproductoraserviceinordertoencouragepeopletobuyortouseit做廣告；登廣告BacktoTextv.Inancienttimes,manyreligiousbuildingswerebuiltinhighplacestomakethemlookgrand.在古代，許多宗教建筑都建在高地上，以顯示其宏偉。religiousrelatingtoreligioningeneralortoaparticularreligion宗教的BacktoTextadj.Thestudiowhereshepaintedwasattheverytopofthebuilding.她的繪畫工作室在大樓的最頂層。studio1)[C]aworkroomforapainter,photographer,etc.工作室BacktoTextn.Thefamousradiohostsometimesgetsoutofthebroadcaststudioandinterviewspeopleinthestreet.這位著名的電臺主持人有時候會走出播音室進行街頭采訪。2)[C]aroomfromwhichbroadcastsaremadeorinwhichrecordingsaremade播音室；錄音室Wemusttakemeasurestoprotectourcompany’strademarks.我們必須采取措施保護本公司的商標。trademark[C]anameordesignbelongingtoaparticularcompanyandusedonitsproducts商標BacktoTextn.Nowadayspeoplestillusethesamekindofstraightforwardadvertisementsjusttogiveinformation.Thissamesortofsimple,informationaladvertisingisstillused.MeaningBacktoTextThesignsstandingnexttotheroadareexamplesofthiskind.Sometelldriversthattheycanbuynewlyharvestedcornashortdistanceahead.Othersignstellpeoplethatthereisarestaurantinthenexttown.Examplesincludetheroadsidesignsthattelltravelersthattheycanbuyfreshcornjustdowntheroadorthatthereisarestaurantinthenexttown.MeaningBacktoTextAdozenofpeopleshowedupforthefirstinformationalmeeting.有十來個人出席了第一次信息通報會。informationalrelatingtoorhavingthenatureofinformation信息的BacktoTextadj.Westoodbytheroadsideandwaitedforthebus.我們站在路邊等公共汽車。roadside[singular]theedgeoftheroad路邊；路旁BacktoTextn.Smallproductionshopsdisappearedandbigfactoriesweresetupinstead…Largefactoriestooktheplaceofsmallworkshops…MeaningBacktoTextItwascriticalforthemtohavehundredsandthousandsofbuyerssoastokeeptheirbusinessesgoing.Theyhadtofindmanythousandsofcustomersinordertostayinbusiness.MeaningBacktoTextItwasnolongerenoughforthemanufacturerstojustgivepeopletheinformationastowheretheycouldbuyshoes,clothortea.Theyalsoneededtolearnthewaystopersuadepeopletobuyaparticularproduct.Theycouldnotsimplytellpeoplewhereshoesorclothorteacouldbebought—theyhadtolearnhowtomakepeoplewanttobuyaspecificproduct.MeaningBacktoTextAdvertisingwashelpfulinexpandingmarketsandimprovingpeople’swayoflifebecausepeoplegraduallybecameawarethattheycouldenjoynewandbettergoods.Advertisinghelpedtocreatenewmarketsandtoraisestandardsoflivingaspeoplecametofeelthattheyhadarighttonewandbetterproducts.MeaningBacktoTextThestoryofHuaMulanisaboutayounggirlwhotooktheplaceofherfatherandjoinedthearmytofight.花木蘭的故事講的是一個女孩替父從軍去打仗。taketheplaceofexistorbeusedinsteadofsomeoneorsomethingelse;replace代替；取代BacktoTextAllworkersmustputonspecialprotectiveglovesandshoesintheworkshop.在車間里，所有工人都必須戴上特制的防護手套，穿上特制的防護鞋。workshop1)[C]aroomorbuildingwheretoolsandmachinesareusedformakingorrepairingthings車間；工場BacktoTextn.Thetrainingprogramincludesseveralworkshopsondatabases.這個培訓項目包括幾次數(shù)據(jù)庫方面的研討會。2)[C]ameetingatwhichpeopleimprovetheirskillsbydiscussingtheirexperiencesanddoingpracticalexercises研討會；研習班Nocompanyisgoingtostayinbusinessbyofferinglow-qualityservicesoveralongperiodoftime.長遠來看，沒有哪家公司能夠靠著低質(zhì)量的服務(wù)維持經(jīng)營。stayinbusinesscontinueoperatingandnotbecomebankrupt繼續(xù)經(jīng)營BacktoTextThepoliciesofthegovernmentareformulatedaccordingtothespecificconditionsinthiscountry.政府的政策是根據(jù)本國的特定國情制定的。specific1)[onlybeforenoun僅用于名詞前]involvingorrelatingtoonlyoneparticularthingortypeofthing特定的BacktoTextadj.Theteachergaveusveryspecificinstructionsbeforewesetout.我們出發(fā)前，老師給了我們非常明確的指示。2)exactanddetailed明確的；具體的NextpageThisweatherconditionisspecifictothesouth.這一氣候條件僅限于南方。specific3)(formal)limitedto,oraffectingonlyoneparticularthing（正式）僅限于某事物的；只對某事物有影響的BacktoTextadj.Asyourbusinesspartner,hehasarighttoashareofthecompany’sprofit.作為商業(yè)合伙人，他有權(quán)分享公司的利潤。havea/therighttohaveamoralorlegalauthoritytohaveordosomething有……的權(quán)利BacktoTextAdvertisingcompaniesstartedtogrowintheUnitedStatesassoonastheCivilWarended.AdvertisingagenciesbegantodevelopintheUnitedStatesjustaftertheCivilWar.MeaningBacktoTextAtthebeginning,themaingoaloftheseadvertisingcompanieswastogetbusinessestobuysectionsindifferentnewspublications,mostlyinnewspapersandmagazines,wheretheycouldplacetheiradvertisements.Atfirst,thechiefobjectiveoftheseagencieswastosellspaceinthevariousmedia,mainlyn