歐洲統(tǒng)計(jì)局（Eurostat）：2023年第二季度歐元區(qū)崗位空缺率3.0%歐盟崗位空缺率2.7%

102/2023-14September2023

Secondquarterof2023

Euroareajobvacancyrateat3.0%

EUrateat2.7%

Inthesecondquarterof2023,thejobvacancyratewas3.0%intheeuroarea,downfrom3.1%inthepreviousquarterand3.2%inthesecondquarterof2022,accordingtofigurespublishedbyEurostat,thestatisticalofficeoftheEuropeanUnion.ThejobvacancyrateintheEUwas2.7%inthesecondquarterof2023,downfrom2.8%inthepreviousquarterandfrom3.0%inthesecondquarterof2022.

Intheeuroarea,thejobvacancyrateinthesecondquarterof2023was2.6%inindustryandconstructionand3.3%inservices.IntheEU,theratewas2.4%inindustryandconstructionand3.0%inservices.

MemberStates

AmongtheMemberStatesforwhichcomparabledataareavailable(seecountrynotes),thehighestjobvacancyratesinthesecondquarterof2023wererecordedintheNetherlands(4.7%),Belgium(4.6%),andAustria(4.4%).Bycontrast,thelowestrateswereobservedinBulgariaandRomania(0.8%inbothofthem),SpainandPoland(0.9%inbothofthem)andSlovakia(1.0%).

Comparedwiththesamequarterofthepreviousyear,thejobvacancyrateincreasedinfourMemberStates,remainedstableinfourMemberStatesanddecreasedinnineteenMemberStates.TheincreaseswereobservedinGreece(+0.4pp),Cyprus(+0.2pp),PortugalandItaly(both+0.1pp).ThelargestdecreaseswererecordedinCzechia(-1.2pp),Denmark,LuxembourgandFinland(-0.8ppinallofthem).

Breakdownbyeconomicactivity

ThefigurebelowpresentsthejobvacancyratesoftheEUandtheeuroareabyeconomicactivity,inthesecondquarterof2023.Dataaredisplayedforthebusinesseconomy,forwhichdataareavailablefromallEUcountries.Thehighestjobvacancyrates,forboththeEUandtheeuroarea,wererecordedinSectionN:"Administrativeandsupportserviceactivities"thatincludestemporaryemploymentagencies(4.5%intheeuroarea,4.3%intheEU)followedbySectionM:"Professional,scientificandtechnicalactivities"(4.0%intheeuroarea,3.7%intheEU),SectionF:"Construction"(4.0%intheeuroarea,3.6%intheEU),SectionI:"Accommodationandfoodserviceactivities"(3.9%intheeuroarea,3.7%intheEU)andSectionJ:"Informationandcommunication"(3.4%intheeuroarea,3.1%intheEU).

Geographicalinformation

Euroarea(EA20):Belgium,Germany,Estonia,Ireland,Greece,Spain,France,Croatia,Italy,Cyprus,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,theNetherlands,Austria,Portugal,Slovenia,SlovakiaandFinland.

EuropeanUnion(EU27):Belgium,Bulgaria,Czechia,Denmark,Germany,Estonia,Ireland,Greece,Spain,France,Croatia,Italy,Cyprus,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Hungary,Malta,theNetherlands,Austria,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovenia,Slovakia,FinlandandSweden.

Methodsanddefinitions

Thejobvacancyrate(JVR)measurestheproportionoftotalpoststhatarevacant,expressedasapercentage:JVR=(numberofjobvacancies)/(numberofoccupiedposts+numberofjobvacancies).

Ajobvacancyisdefinedasapaidpost(newlycreated,unoccupiedorabouttobecomevacant)forwhichtheemployeristakingactivestepstofindasuitablecandidatefromoutsidetheenterpriseconcernedandispreparedtotakemorestepsandwhichtheemployerintendstofilleitherimmediatelyorinthenearfuture.Underthisdefinition,ajobvacancyshouldbeopentocandidatesfromoutsideanenterprise.However,thisdoesnotexcludethepossibilityoftheemployerrecruitinganinternalcandidateforthepost.Avacantpostthatisopenonlytointernalcandidatesshouldnotbetreatedasajobvacancy.Anoccupiedpostisapaidpostwithinanorganisationtowhichanemployeehasbeenassigned.

JobvacancyratescoverNACERev.2sectionsBtoS.Thisaggregateisreferredtoas“Wholeeconomy”forthesakeofsimplification,evenifsectionsA:‘Agriculture,forestryandfishing’,T:‘Activitiesofhouseholdsasemployers;undifferentiatedgoodsandservicesproducingactivitiesofhouseholdsforownuse’andU:‘Activitiesofextraterritorialorganisationsandbodies’areexcluded.SectionsBtoSincludetheindustry(BtoE),construction(F)andservices(GtoN)sectorstogetherwith(mainly)non-marketservices(OtoS).

ThejobvacancyratesfortheEUandeuroareaaggregatesarebasedonMemberStatesdata,includingestimatesforrecentperiodswhenvaluesarenotyetavailable.Ifnationaldataareonlyavailableforasub-population,forexampleexcludingsmallerunitsorsomeactivities,thissub-populationisusedinthecomputationofthejobvacancyratefortheaggregates.

Countrynotes:

Denmark,FranceandItaly:dataarenotstrictlycomparable.InDenmark,onlyunitswithinthebusinesseconomy(NACERev2sectionsBtoN)aresurveyed.InFrance,onlybusinessunitswith10employeesormorearesurveyed.Moreover,inthecaseofpublicadministration,educationandhumanhealth(NACERev.2sectionsO,PandQ),publicinstitutionsarenotcoveredinFranceandItaly.

Revisionsandtimetable

ComparedwiththeratespublishedinNewsRelease

68/2023

of15June2023,thejobvacancyrateforthefirstquarterof2023hasbeenrevisedfrom3.0%to3.1%intheeuroareaandremainedunchangedintheEU.

Formoreinformation

Eurostat

websitesection

onjobvacancystatistics

Eurostat

databasesection

onjobvacancystatistics

Eurostat

StatisticsExplainedarticle

onjobvacancystatistics

EurostatEuroindicatorsdashboard

Eurostat€-indicators

releasecalendar

EuropeanStatistics

CodeofPractice

Forfurtherinformationondata:

JavierALCANTARAORTEGA

Tel:+352-4301-35183

javier.alcantara@ec.europa.eu

BeateCZECH

Tel:+352-4301-35407

beate.czech@ec.europa.eu

Mediarequests:

eurostat-mediasupport@ec.europa.eu

/Tel:+352-4301-33408

@EU_Eurostat

@

EurostatStatistics

@

EU_Eurostat

園

@Eurostat

ec.europa.eu/eurostat

eurostat■

Jobvacancyrates-wholeeconomy(%)

-notseasonallyadjusted-

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

Euroarea

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

EU

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

Belgium

5.0

4.9

4.5

4.7

4.6

Bulgaria

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.8

Czechia

4.9

4.5

4.2

3.8

3.7

Germany

4.5

4.3

4.4

4.1

4.1

Estonia

2.1

2.1

1.8

1.9

1.8

Ireland

1.6

1.6

1.3

1.4

1.3

Greece

1.2

1.1

0.9

1.5

1.6

Spain

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

Croatia

1.7

1.2

1.4

2.1

1.7

Cyprus

2.7

2.2

1.9

2.8

2.9

Latvia

2.9

2.9

2.5

2.7

2.8

Lithuania

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.9

2.0

Luxembourg

2.7

2.7

2.4

2.2

1.9

Hungary

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.6

2.5

Malta

2.8

2.8

2.5

2.6

2.7

Netherlands

5.1

4.9

4.5

4.7

4.7

Austria

4.8

5.0

4.6

4.7

4.4

Poland

1.2

1.1

0.9

0.9

0.9

Portugal

1.4

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.5

Romania

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.8

Slovenia

3.3

3.1

2.5

3.0

2.9

Slovakia

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.0

Finland

3.0

2.5

2.0

3.3

2.2

Sweden

3.6

2.7

2.6

3.7

3.2

Iceland

5.3

3.7

2.6

3.5

2.4

Norway

3.8

3.1

3.4

4.3

4.1

Switzerland

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

Jobvacancyrates-restrictedcoverage*(%)

-notseasonallyadjusted-

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

Denmark

3.7

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.9

France

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.3

Italy

2.3

2.1

1.9

2.6

2.4

*see"countrynotes"underMethodsanddefinitions

Sourcedataset:

jvsqnace2

Jobvacancyratesbymaineconomicactivitybranches(%)

-notseasonallyadjusted-

Industryandconstruction

(NACERev.2sectionBtoF)

Services

(NACERev.2sectionGtoN)

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

Euroarea

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

EU

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.0

Belgium

4.7

5.0

4.2

4.5

4.4

6.6

6.4

5.9

6.0

6.0

Bulgaria

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.9

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.7

Czechia

6.0

5.5

5.2

4.7

4.5

6.5

5.8

5.4

4.9

4.7

Denmark

3.0

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.6

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.9

3.0

Germany

4.1

3.7

4.1

3.6

3.5

5.5

5.3

5.2

4.8

4.7

Estonia

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.0

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

Ireland

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

0.8

1.9

1.7

1.4

1.4

1.1

Greece

0.7

3.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

2.1

0.6

0.9

2.3

2.3

Spain

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.8

Croatia

1.5

1.0

1.1

1.7

1.6

1.8

0.8

1.0

2.2

1.6

Italy

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.0

1.8

2.9

2.4

Cyprus

1.8

1.3

1.2

2.2

1.6

3.5

2.8

2.1

3.5

3.8

Latvia

3.3

3.2

2.5

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.1

2.1

2.4

Lithuania

2.0

1.9

1.5

1.8

1.9

2.1

2.0

1.8

2.1

2.1

Luxembourg

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.1

2.7

Hungary

3.0

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.3

3.0

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.3

Malta

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.6

3.1

3.3

3.1

3.3

3.1

Netherlands

5.6

5.3

4.9

5.0

5.2

5.8

5.4

4.9

5.1

5.1

Austria

4.9

5.2

4.3

4.8

4.0

6.2

6.4

6.0

6.0

5.7

Poland

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

0.9

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

Portugal

1.3

1.5

1.2

1.3

1.3

2.2

2.7

2.5

2.0

2.4

Romania

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.8

Slovenia

3.8

3.5

2.8

3.7

3.1

4.2

3.8

3.1

3.8

3.6

Slovakia

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.9

0.8

Finland

1.7

2.1

1.5

2.2

1.2

3.8

3.0

2.6

4.1

2.7

Sweden

2.9

2.6

2.2

2.9

2.5

4.0

3.3

2.8

3.6

3.2

Iceland

5.0

6.0

3.7

4.0

4.2

8.6

4.7

3.8

4.8

2.9

Norway

2.9

2.4

2.5

3.1

3.4

4.6

3.6

4.0

5.6

4.8

Switzerland

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.3

Jobvacancyratesbymaineconomicactivitybranches(%)-restrictedcoverage*-notseasonallyadjusted-

Industryandconstruction

(NACERev.2sectionBtoF)

Services

(NACERev.2sectionGtoN)

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

France

2.3

2.1

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.1

*see"countrynotes"underMethodsanddefinitions

Sourcedataset:

jvsqnace2

JobvacancyratesbyNACERev.2sections(%)

-notseasonallyadjusted-

Euroarea

EU

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

2022Q2

2022Q3

2022Q4

2023Q1

2023Q2

B:Miningandquarrying

1.5

1.6

1