譯林牛津模塊四Unit2grammar

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Modal

verbsModalverbs第一章單擊此處添加標(biāo)題Howmanypairsofmodalverbs?Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:

ability能力obligation責(zé)任、義務(wù)certainty確定permission允許Wealsousemodalverbsto:makerequest提出請求makesuggestions提出建議makeoffers提供幫忙giveadvice提出忠告Modalverbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有詞義，但是不完整，不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須和不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用。1.ability

can,could和beableto的用法

can表示與生俱來的能力或一種客觀可能，could是其過去式我認(rèn)為沒有你的幫助他不能解決這個(gè)問題。Idon‘tthinkhe____________________withoutyourhelp.兩年前Rose就能自己做飯了。Rose_______________forherselftwoyearsago.

cansolvetheproblemcouldcookmealscan,could和beableto的用法

beableto更加強(qiáng)調(diào)通過后天的學(xué)習(xí)和努力獲得的能力，或者在某個(gè)客觀的場合和背景下，能做到的事情。愛迪生總是好奇為什么母雞可以孵小雞，而他卻不能。Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhens_______hatch(孵)chickenswhilehe________________.

could

wasnotabletocan表示與生俱來的能力或一種客觀可能，could是其過去式1.abilityNow,manyofuscanspeakEnglishquitewell,butafewyearsago,wecouldn't.Howaboutinthefuture?Inthefuture,wewill/shallbeableto....beableto有無時(shí)態(tài)變化?Exercise:can/beabletoAbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.can=managedtodo/succeededindoing

1.Amancanneverhavetoomanyfriends.2.你過馬路的時(shí)候再小心也不為過。補(bǔ)充：can/could:cannever/can’t……too表示“無論怎樣…也不過分”，“越…越好”。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.

Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.Andawomancan'thavetoomanyhats.oughttoshouldYououghttobekindtoyourfriends.---Oughtyoutobekindtotheenemy?---IthinkIoughtnotto.2.obligationoughttoshouldoughtto與should意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者可以互換，但是should

主觀看法,用于各種人稱。oughtto

客觀情況，在談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定時(shí)使用。1.Weshould／oughttohelpeachotherandlearnfromeachotherinourwork．2.Theyshouldnotallowcarstoparkhere;thestreetisnotwideenough.3.Sheisyourmother,soyououghttosupporther．4.Oughthetogo?Yes,Ithinkheought(to).2.obligation2.obligationmust與haveto都可以表示“必須”的意思，但要注意以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別。

1)must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而haveto有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。如：2)must表示主觀看法，haveto則側(cè)重于客觀需要。如：

·Wemustworkhard,orwe'llfailintheexams．

·Twoyearsago,thepoorgirlhadtoleaveschoolforlackofmoney．

Wemustbestrictwithourselvesineverything．Incitieswithmanycars,somepeoplehavetowearmasks．

mustadvisabilitynecessityhavetooughtto/shouldYourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou,sowhensheisold,you___lookafterherinreturn.

A.canB.mayC.havetoD.must

2.obligationDmust表示肯定的猜測，譯為“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑問句。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthaveseenthefilm.Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastweek.must2.表示“堅(jiān)持”（常用于固定句型：ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事）如果說你真的要走，把我的相片還給我。Ifyoumustleave,pleasereturnmyphoto.,didn'the?,haven'the?,isn'the?,isn'tit?Imight/may/could/should/oughtto/will/must

watchtheTVprogrammethisweekend.3.certaintymight/may/could/should/oughtto/will/mustveryuncertaintyalmostcertaintyHeisathome.(事實(shí))Hemustbeathome.(非常肯定地判斷)Heoughttobeathome.(很可能)Hecould

beathome.(很可能)Hemaybeathome.(僅僅可能而已)Hemightbeathome.(或許，非常不確定)Hecouldn'tbeathome.(很可能不在家)Hecan'tbeathome.(一定不在家)Heisn'tathome.(事實(shí))ExerciseHe_____beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.A.mayB.mightC.must

D.couldCMayIcomein?

允許，許可4.permissioncan/could/may/might could比can更委婉，might比may更委婉—CanIwatchtheOlympics?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.—MayIwatchTVafterfinishingmyhomework?—Yes,youmay.//No,youmaynot.

No,youmustn’t./No,you’dbetternot.

4.permissioninformal/spokenformal/written允許，許可祝你成功！

Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.

may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed.

P28READPART1&2

1.Will/Canyoureadthesentenceoncemore?提出請求給出忠告提供幫忙提出建議3.Shallwewatchafilmtonight?2.Iwillhelpyouifyouhaveanyproblems.4.Themanagerisnotinnow.Youshouldcomebackatthreeo’clock.Can

youhelpmewiththecoronovirus?5.Makingrequests(提出要求):Ihavesometroubleinthemedicalequipment.willcancouldwouldinformalformalwill/would:Attention:Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch.

Question:Isthissentencecorrect?Why?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“意愿”will表示意志、愿望和決心。

Iwillneverdothatagain.

Shallweinjectdisinfectantintothepaitents?6.Makingsuggestions(提出建議):Thedisinfectant(消毒劑)

cankillthevirusinoneminute.6.makesuggestions1.shall常用于第一，三人稱疑問句中，表示征求對方意見。—Shallwe/I/he/she/theygobacktoschool?—Yes.—Shallhecomein?—Ok.shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

Youshallgetcontracted(感染)ifyoudon’twearafacemask.

Heshallgohomeafter14-dayquarantine.Heshallbepunishedifhebreaksthelaw.隔離quarantine7.Makingoffers(提供幫助):Don’tworry,dearfriend.Wewillhelpyououtwiththemedicalcarepersonnel.Serbia7.makeoffers

willshallI'llwashyoursportsjacket.ShallIgetaticketforyou?Shallwecarrythebooksforyou?ShallIcleantheblackboardforyou?will/would:8.giveadviceshould/oughttoYoushouldnot/oughtnottoeatporridgeinthemorning.Thestudentsshould

haveeggsandmilkforbreakfast.

1.Hemay/mightcometomorrow.2.Hemay/mightknowit.3.Hemay/might

bewaitingforyounow.4.Hemay/might

bewaitingforyouhenyougetthere.5.Hemighthaveseenthefilmyesterday.6.Hemay/might

havearrivedinBeijingbynow.7.Hemighthavebeenwaitingforyouwhenyouphonedhim.將來現(xiàn)在

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V原

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+V-ing過去進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行將來進(jìn)行

過去現(xiàn)在完成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havebeendoing情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測MoreexamplesTheboysmaybeplayingfootballontheplayground.Theboysmayhavefinishedtheirhomeworkbythetimeschoolisover.Heplaysbasketballverywell.Hemusthavepracticeditalot.OurheadmastermusthavebeentotheUSA,forheknowsthecountrysomuch.He_____________________(catch)theearlybus;buthewasdelayedbyhelpingastranger.You_____________________(phone)me,thoughyouwerebusythen.Someone____________________(open)thecage—thelioncouldn'thaveescapedonitsown.---Wasthatthemanagerwhowalkedby?---No,it_________________(be).HehasgonetoFranceonbusiness.5.Theplant'sdead.MaybeI_________________________

(give)itmorewater.IknowI___________________________

(take)themoney.You___________________________(do)that;Ihadwarnedyouofthatseveraltimes.Therewasplentyoftime.I______________________(hurry).I_____________________(help)you,butIwastoobusy.could/might/must/should/oughtto/need/would+havedone

couldhavecaughtmighthavephonedmusthaveopened

can'thavebeen

shouldhavegivenoughtnottohavetakenshouldn'thavedoneneedn'thavehurriedwouldhavehelped情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone本可能（卻沒有）mighthavedone本可以做（卻沒有），“委婉責(zé)備”must

havedone“肯定/一定做了或發(fā)生了某事”，只用于肯定句；其否定形式can't/couldn'thavedone“不可能，肯定不會(huì)”should/oughtto+havedone本該做（而沒做）

shouldn't/oughtn'tto+havedone本不該做（卻做了）needn'thavedone本不需要做某事而實(shí)際上做了would/wouldn'thavedone本想做某事而沒做/本不想做某事而做了Haveatry!

1.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags____beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.

A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will2.How___yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?

A.canB.mustC.needD.mayBA允許能力3.—Theroomissodirty.____wecleanit?—Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do4.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who___havetakenit?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.wouldBC建議推測，“可能”用于疑問句或否定句5.—Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.___Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You___homewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleaveBB允許本不該做某事（而做了）7.—AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?—I'mnotsure.I__gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might8.Sorry,I'mlate.I____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.willDA確定“可能”對過去動(dòng)作的猜測“可能”9.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They___bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need10.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.couldBC確定“應(yīng)該”能力；經(jīng)過努力后Thanks

1.could/mighthavedone

couldhavedone

本可能（卻沒有）他本能夠趕上早班車；他是因?yàn)閹鸵粋€(gè)陌生人而晚點(diǎn)的。Hecouldhavecaughttheearlybus;buthewasdelayedbyhelpingastranger.

mighthavedone

本可以做（卻沒有），“委婉責(zé)備”

你再忙也該給我打個(gè)電話。Youmighthavephonedme,thoughyouwerebusythen.2.musthavedone表示對過去所發(fā)生的事情表示推測，表示“肯定/一定做了或發(fā)生了某事”，只用于肯定句，其否定形式是Someonemusthaveopened

thecage—thelioncouldn'thaveescapedtonitsown.Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.can