高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)-省略句

Ellipsis在英語(yǔ)中，為了避免重復(fù)而省去某些重復(fù)的部分，這種現(xiàn)象叫省略。如：

Begyoupardon.

Soundslikeagoodidea.

（I

）Begyoupardon.

(It)

Soundslikeagoodidea..定義一簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略

1、省略主語(yǔ)祈使句中主語(yǔ)通常省略

Doesn’tmatter.

(

It)doesn’tmatter.

(

It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2、省略主謂或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分。如：

（省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)）

What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?

Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略表語(yǔ)。

–Areyouthirsty?–

Yes,Iam.

Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(lazy).4、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分

Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.(wemet)同時(shí)省略主、謂語(yǔ)

–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?

–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.

Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.（省略相同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）1、兩個(gè)并列句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。

Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(is)省略相同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞二并列句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：

Sorrytohearyouareill.

Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)三復(fù)合句中的省略

－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?

－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.

－Tommustbefreetoday.

－Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not來(lái)代替

－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?

－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.這種用法常見(jiàn)的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose

/believe

/hopenot.Whynot?等等。

Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.(that)2.賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略連詞that，但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that則不能省略。

Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.(that)3.定語(yǔ)從句中的省略在定語(yǔ)從句中，that,which,who在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.(that/which)

Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)4.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略在以when,while,once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句及以if,unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中和though,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)指同一對(duì)象，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句中可省去“主語(yǔ)+be”部分。

Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.

Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.he

Ifheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewas

Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.heis

Unlessinvited,hewon’tcome.

Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.he

Whileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heis

Whiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heishe動(dòng)詞不定式中為了避免重復(fù)，省去與前面出現(xiàn)的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be，have,havebeen時(shí)，要保留這些詞。

–Areyougoingthere?–

Yes,I’dliketo.

Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.(gothere).(givemethechance).四不定式中的省略在下列詞后常省略不定式但要保留‘to’:wantwishlikehatehopeintendplanloverefuseexpectAttention!使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須將to復(fù)原。

InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.

Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.to

X

這類使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞主要有一“感”:二“聽(tīng)”:三“讓”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee在以if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中若含有were,had,should時(shí)，?？梢允÷詉f而將were,had,should置于句首。

WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.Were

HadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Had

Shouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?Should虛擬條件句中的省略IfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.

Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建議、許可”或“禁止”等意義的名詞性從句中使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的，should?？梢允÷?。如：

Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)

Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should)

It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)PracticeExercisesaboutEllipsis.Discoveringusefulstructures3.Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.(_____)P37

2.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.(___________________)

(_____)(_____________)5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidn’tshepass?ornot.6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.notdownyourthroat.Thesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?1)

Thecottagesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.

Thecottage(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.

P374.

2)

ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.

Thefirstbook

(that)

Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond

(bookthatIreadthisterm).3)Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.

Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan

(shewas)

expected

(todo).

4)Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.

Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave

(returnedfromthehospital).

5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t.

Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t

(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).

6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.

Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto

(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).I.Choosethebestanswers.1)----Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-----IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)----Aren’tyouthemanager?----No,andI______A.

don’twanttoB.don’twanttobeC.don’twantbeD.don’twant4)---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbegladto5)----Won’tyouhaveanothertry?----________.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,Iwon’thaveC.Yes,Iwon’tD.Yes,Iwill

7)----Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?----______?A.Idon’tthinkB.No,Idon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.No,Idon’tso8)----Haveyoufedthecat?----No,but______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingtoII.單項(xiàng)選擇1.---Iwon’tdoitanymore.----_______?A.Whydon’tB.Whydon’tdoitanymoreC.WhynotD.Whynotto2.Although____tostop,hekeptonworking.A.tellB.tellingC.havingtoldD.told3.---Willyouwastetimeandmoneyonthat?----Certainly_______.A.InotB.don’tC.notD.no√√√4.----Marydidn’tattendthelecture,didshe?----Yes,she_______.A.attendedB.didn’tattendC.didn’tD.did5.---What’sJohndoing?---_______newspapersintheroom.A.ShereadingB.ShereadsC.ToreadD.Reading6._______alwayssucceed.A.Honestandcleverstudents B.StudentswhohonestandcleverC.Honeststudentsandclever D.Studentsarehonestandclever√√√7.---Canyouclimbthattree,myboy?---_______?A.I B.Myself C.Mine D.Me8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut_______supportit.A.anymore B.manymore C.muchmore D.nomore9.---I’llbeawayforabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.________.A.I’venotime B.I’drathernot C.I’dliketoD.I’dbehappyto√√√10.---Whynotgoandhaveadinnerinarestaurant?---________.It’stooexpensive.A.Whynot B.Iagree C.I’mafraidnot D.I’msure11.____Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.If B.Unless C.Had D.When12.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---_____herbicycle.Asshelost B.LostC.Becauseoflosing D.Losing√√√II.下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并改正。1.Ourhometownisnolongerwhatitusedto.2.WhenIintrouble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.3. Tompick