Lesson+42+Modern+Cavemen講義 新概念英語第三冊

Lesson42ModernCavemen??Part1:TextCaveexploration,orpotholing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer'smotives.Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.Itcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficultieswhichwillconfrontthepotholer.ThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstreamwhichhastunnelledacoursethroughaflawintherocks.TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphineAlps.Asitisonlysixfeetacross,itisbarelynoticeable.ThecavemightneverhavebeendiscoveredhadnottheentrancebeenspottedbythedistinguishedFrenchpotholer,Berger.Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpotholers'Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.

AteamofpotholersrecentlywentdowntheGouffreBerger.Afterenteringthenarrowgapontheplateau,theyclimbeddownthesteepsidesofthecaveuntiltheycametoanarrowcorridor.Theyhadtoedgetheirwayalongthis,sometimeswadingacrossshallowstreams,orswimmingacrossdeeppools.Suddenlytheycametoawaterfallwhichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomofthecave.Theyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthelake,theycametohugepilesofrubblewhichhadbeenwashedupbythewater.Inthispartofthecave,theycouldhearaninsistentboomingsoundwhichtheyfoundwascausedbyasmallwater-spoutshootingdownintoapoolfromtheroofofthecave.Squeezingthroughacleftintherocks,thepotholersarrivedatanenormouscavern,thesizeofahugeconcerthall.Afterswitchingonpowerfularclights,theysawgreatstalagmites—someofthemoverfortyfeethigh--risingupliketree-trunkstomeetthestalactitessuspendedfromtheroof.Roundabout,pilesoflime-stoneglistenedinallthecoloursoftherainbow.Intheeeriesilenceofthecavern,theonlysoundthatcouldbeheardwasmadebywaterwhichdrippedcontinuouslyfromthehighdomeabovethem.??Part

2:Newwordsandexpressions1.caveman

n.(遠(yuǎn)古)洞穴人2.pot-holing

n.洞穴探險(xiǎn)，洞穴探險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動3.solitude['s?litju:d]n.孤獨(dú)，寂寞4.lure[lju?]v.引誘，誘惑5.pot-holer

n.洞穴探險(xiǎn)者6.rambler['r?mbl?]n.漫步者，散步者7.undertaking['?nd?'teiki?]n.任務(wù)，工作8.foresight['f?:sait]n.預(yù)見；深謀遠(yuǎn)慮9.foretell[f?:'tel]v.預(yù)言10.Grenoble[gr?'noubl]n.格里諾布爾11.chasm[t??z?m]n.斷層，裂口，陷坑12.flaw[fl?:]n.小裂縫；缺點(diǎn)，瑕疵13.distinguished[dis'ti?gwi?t]a.杰出的，著名的14.Everest['ev?rist]n.珠穆朗瑪峰15.wade[weid]v.涉水16.waterfall['w?:t?f?:l]n.瀑布17.gear[gi?]n.(汽車)排檔18.inflatable[in'fleit?bl]a.可充氣的19.rubble['r?bl]n.碎瓦，瓦塊20.insistent[in'sist?nt]a.連續(xù)的，不斷的21.boom[bu:m]v.轟響22.waterspout['w?t?spaut]n.強(qiáng)大的水柱23.cleft[kleft]n.裂隙，開口24.cavern['k?v?n]n.大洞穴25.stalagmite['st?l?gmait]n.石筍26.stalactite['st?l?ktait]n.鐘乳石27.limestone['laimst?un]n.石灰石28.glisten['glisn]v.閃爍29.eerie['i?ri]a.引起恐懼的，可怕的30.dome[d?um]n.穹窿，圓頂??————————————★caveman

n.(遠(yuǎn)古)洞穴人Actually,youdon'thavetobeacavemantosurviveinthewoods.事實(shí)上,在野外你不必像洞穴人一樣生存。??caven.洞穴★pot-holing

n.洞穴探險(xiǎn)，洞穴探險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動★pot-holer

n.洞穴探險(xiǎn)者potholer

n.洞穴探險(xiǎn)者Caveexploration,orpotholing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.

洞穴勘察－或者洞穴勘探(人們已經(jīng)熟悉了這個(gè)詞語)－是一項(xiàng)較新的運(yùn)動。★solitude['s?litju:d]n.孤獨(dú)，寂寞liveinsolitude獨(dú)自（居?。┥罾篒amnotfondofsolitude.我不喜歡孤獨(dú)。Hepassedtwenty-fouryearsinsolitude.他在孤獨(dú)中度過了二十四年。★lure[lju?]v.引誘，誘惑1.n.誘惑resistthelure

抵御誘惑alurefor…

的誘餌alureof…

的誘惑alureto

對…的吸引力2.v.引誘，誘惑lureinto

誘惑…做…Weluredafoxintoatrap.

我們把一只狐貍誘進(jìn)了陷阱。Cheeseisverygoodforluringamouseintoatrap.

奶酪是引誘老鼠上鉤的極好的東西。lureon

引誘…SheluredCharleyonuntilhedidjustwhatshewanted.

她不斷引誘查理,直到他聽命于她?！飖ndertaking['?nd?'teiki?]n.任務(wù)，工作agriculturalundertaking

農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)governmentundertaking

國營事業(yè)例：Heistootimidtoventureuponanewundertaking.他太膽小，不敢從事新的事業(yè)?！飂oresight['f?:sait]n.預(yù)見；深謀遠(yuǎn)慮★foretell[f?:'tel]v.預(yù)言foresee預(yù)見

forecast預(yù)測，預(yù)報(bào)fore前綴有前湊，前鋒的意思例：Wecan'tforetellhowtheworldwillend.我們不能預(yù)言世界將如何終結(jié)。Noonehadenoughforesighttopredictthewinner.誰也沒有足夠的遠(yuǎn)見能預(yù)測哪一個(gè)獲勝。??～～～～～～～～fable['fe?b(?)l]

（n.寓言；無稽之談vi.編寓言；虛構(gòu)vt.煞有介事地講述；虛構(gòu)）foretell

一般的通俗用語，往往指根據(jù)客觀因素做出的預(yù)告，強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)先要發(fā)生的事。forecast

指對未來事件的預(yù)報(bào)、推測或設(shè)想，側(cè)重最終可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。predict

較正常的正式用詞，通常用于人。指根據(jù)事實(shí)或自然規(guī)律進(jìn)行推斷后作出預(yù)告，隱含有科學(xué)的準(zhǔn)確性。foresee

指提前、預(yù)先料到將要發(fā)生的事或指對未發(fā)生的事情形成一種概念或判斷★chasm[t??z?m]n.斷層，裂口，陷坑n.分歧，不同，裂痕

adeeppoliticalchasmbetweenthesetwocountries兩個(gè)國家間的很大的政治分歧例：Thereisalwaysavastchasmbetweenrichandpoor.

貧富的鴻溝始終存在。Thechasmbetweenyouandhecannotbesolvedbyus.你和他之間的裂痕不是我們能解決的。★flaw[fl?:]n.小裂縫；缺點(diǎn)，瑕疵find（pick）

aflaw

找出缺點(diǎn)inajewelflaw

珠寶上的瑕疵inone'scharacterflaw

性格缺陷withoutflaw

無可挑剔例：Theflawinthisvasemakesitlessvaluable.這個(gè)花瓶因?yàn)橛悬c(diǎn)缺陷，不那么值錢了。??～～～～～～～～1.flaw[fl?:]n.瑕疵，小裂縫，小錯(cuò)，弱點(diǎn)；fatalflaw致命的弱點(diǎn)2.cleft[kleft]n.裂縫，裂口（自然形成）（（尤指巖石、地表的）裂縫；額頭（或下巴）中間的豎縫；（身體）V字形凹陷）anaturalcrackinthesurfaceofrocksortheearthetc.asharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor貧富之間的巨大差異3.cleavage['kli:v?d?]n.（劈裂的）裂痕，不同意見（n.劈開，分裂；[晶體]解理；[胚]卵裂）crevice['krev?s]n.

（巖石上的）細(xì)小裂縫（a

narrow

crack,especiallyinrock）asharpcleavageintheattitudestowardseducation關(guān)于教育的截然不同的意見cleave

1、劈開[文學(xué)性]

2、cleaveto堅(jiān)忠于[正式]4.fissuren.裂縫，（尤指巖石上的）裂溝；分歧v.（使）裂開，分裂（adeepcrack，especiallyinrockorearth）5.crack

n.（一個(gè)）開口，縫隙（1、使…破裂;破裂2、使…噼啪作響;發(fā)出辟裂聲3、撞擊4、叩開（殼雞蛋）5、破解難題，密碼等）最普通的用詞eg.Sheopenedthedooracrackandslippedin.6.gap

n.間隙；缺口；差距；分歧(anemptyspacebetweentwoobjects)強(qiáng)調(diào)空間thegenerationgap代溝eg.Thereiswidegapinmyknowledgeofhistory.我歷史知識十分缺乏?！飀istinguished[dis'ti?gwi?t]a.杰出的，著名的distinguishedfor

以...而著名...distinguishedsymbol

已發(fā)出的信號,判別符...

distinguishedsequence

特異序列distinguishedguest

貴賓，嘉賓，上賓...distinguishedby

以...而著名...例：Distinguishedguestsandfriendsfromthemedia:Goodmorning!

尊敬的各位來賓,新聞界的朋友們:上午好!★Everest['ev?rist]n.珠穆朗瑪峰DoyouknowwhatistheelevationofMountEverest?

你知道珠穆朗瑪峰的海拔高度是多少嗎？★wade[weid]v.涉水wadethroughsthHewadedthroughthatlongnovelatlast.

他終于讀完了那部長篇小說。??wadingbird

涉水鳥wader

跋涉者wadingpool

淺水池★waterfall['w?:t?f?:l]n.瀑布??snowfall暴雪★gear[gi?]n.(汽車)排檔1.n.檔位，工具，裝備change（shift）

gear(s)

換擋keepallthegearin

把所有衣物放在…loadthegearinto

把工具裝上…2.v.調(diào)整，使適應(yīng)1）geardown

換慢擋,減少Hegeareddownashecameintothecorner.他到拐角處放慢了速度。2）gearup

換快擋,促進(jìn),提高,使準(zhǔn)備好Whenyouaregoingfastenough,you'llbeabletogearup.車開得足夠快時(shí),你就能換擋加速。3）gearintoeachother

相互嚙合4）gearto

加以調(diào)解使適合Wehavetogearourlivestothenewchanges.我們必須使自己的生活適應(yīng)新的變化?！飅nflatable[in'fleit?bl]a.可充氣的inflatableboat

充氣橡皮艇inflatableaircraft

充氣式飛機(jī)??inflatev.膨脹，使膨脹inflatethepapercurrency

濫發(fā)紙幣...Heisinflatedwithpride.

他趾高氣揚(yáng)?！飏ubble['r?bl]n.碎瓦，瓦塊rubblewall

毛石墻★insistent[in'sist?nt]a.連續(xù)的，不斷的例：Hewasinsistentonwalkinghome.他堅(jiān)持走回家。??insistv.堅(jiān)持insiston（doing）sth.堅(jiān)持（做）某事Weinsistonself-reliance.

我們堅(jiān)持自力更生。Theyalwaysinsistonahighstandard.

他們一貫堅(jiān)持高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Theyinsistedonhelpingusinthekitchen.

他們堅(jiān)持要給我們幫廚?！颾oom[bu:m]v.轟響1.n.轟響theboomofthecannons2.V.

急速增長；eg.Aftertheboom,everythingisgloom.boomtown新興的工業(yè)城市Businessisbooming.商業(yè)正日趨繁榮?！颿left[kleft]n.裂隙，開口inacleftstick

在進(jìn)退兩難中...frostcleft

凍裂a(bǔ)sharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor貧富之間的巨大差異★glisten['glisn]v.閃爍Thestreetglistenedintherain.街道在雨水中閃光。Hereyesglistenedwithtears.她眼中的淚水在閃爍。★eerie['i?ri]a.引起恐懼的，可怕的intheeeriesilence令人恐怖的寂靜之中★dome[d?um]n.穹窿，圓頂thebluedomeofsky蒼穹

underthedome穹頂之下柴靜，霧霾??Part

3:Notesonthetext★Caveexploration,orpotholing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.

asithascometobeknown…as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句“正如人們已開始知道的那樣?！盋ometo變成某種狀態(tài)，有一個(gè)方向性，“從過去到現(xiàn)在，逐漸地”，有一個(gè)發(fā)展的過程★Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.

1.Itisthedesireforsolitude…thatlurespeople…（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）2.downto副詞down表示方向后緊跟的to介詞，表目的對象3.注意depth除了深度以外，depths（復(fù)數(shù)形式）表示深處、深淵★Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer'smotives.Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.

1.Itisimpossibletodosth......it做形式主語，屬于固定句式···2.Forhim，him指洞穴探險(xiǎn)者3.havethefascinationfor····★Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.which從句的用法，引導(dǎo)賓語從句militaryoperations.軍事行動★Itcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.

1.ittakessbsometimetodosth花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間去做某事，it是形式主語2.aslongas

只要，長達(dá)····3.rigup裝配，裝在★Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficultieswhichwillconfrontthepotholer.

1.precautionn.預(yù)防措施

takeprecaution采取預(yù)防措施2.thenatureof屬…性質(zhì)

Letthenaturetakeitscourse順其自然3.confront

v.面對，遭遇

confrontsbwithsth特化為(以某事物)與(某人)對質(zhì)例：OnmyfirstdayatworkIwasconfrontedwiththetaskofchairingameeting.

befacedwith★ThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstreamwhichhastunnelledacoursethroughaflawintherocks.

TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphineAlps.

1.known過去分詞作定語thedeepestknowncave已知的最深的洞穴2.extendto延伸到···3.beformedby

以什么形成4.Theentranceto····的入口★Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpotholers'Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.

muchofitstillremainstob