英語名師講練大一輪復(fù)習(xí)外研版通用核心素養(yǎng)測評五必修1Module5ALessoninaLab

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養(yǎng)測評五必修1Module5ALessoninaLab(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AHackingisn’tjustforputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasethenumberoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.Hackedplantsarelargerthannormalplants.Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistssaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergy.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemstartswhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Andtheprocessisslow.Thenewstudyspeduptheprocessbychangingtheplant’sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthontwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswouldproducethesameresultsincornandrice.AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyield(產(chǎn)量)mightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still,sheaddedinanemail,“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough”.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過植入植物基因使植物更快地利用陽光的方法,這種方法對提高糧食產(chǎn)量是個重大突破。1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Wecanfindhackingonlyindigitaldevices.B.Aplant’sgenescanbechangedbyhacking.C.Hackingcanbeusedtochangewhateveryouwant.D.Hackinghasbeenusedinimprovingfoodproduction.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly”可知,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種通過植入植物基因使其更快地利用陽光的方法,由此可知,植物的基因可以通過植入來改變。2.Whydidscientistschoosetobaccoplantstostudy?A.Becausetheyareveryeasytoget.B.Becausetheirgenesareeasytochange.C.Becausetheyarelargerthanotherplants.D.Becausetheycanabsorbsunlightquickly.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.”可知,科學(xué)家在研究中選擇使用煙草植物是因為它們的基因很容易改變。3.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatchangingtheplants’genesproved.

A.useless B.deadlyC.effective D.unrealistic【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.”可知,結(jié)果,科學(xué)家在研究中使用的植物葉片生長量增加了,由此可知,植入植物基因的方法證明是有效的。4.WhatisTalaAwanda’sattitudetowardthestudy?A.Doubtful. B.Neutral.C.Objective. D.Critical.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的...thestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyieldmightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still,sheaddedinanemail,“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough”.可知,Awanda說這個研究很有意義,但她警告說對傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)作物來說,產(chǎn)量可能不會那么高,最后她還說不管怎樣,這項研究仍是一個突破,由此可知Awanda對這項研究持客觀態(tài)度。【知識拓展】佳詞積累1.smartadj.聰明的;智能的2.normal adj.正常的3.process n.過程4.amount n.數(shù)量5.protective adj.保護(hù)的6.conventional adj.傳統(tǒng)的7.speedup 加速8.makesense 有意義難句解讀Accordingtoastudy,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.分析:Accordingtoastudy在句中作狀語,tohackaplant’sgenes在句中作定語,inordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly在句中作目的狀語。翻譯:根據(jù)一個研究,科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一個植入植物基因使其更快地利用陽光的方法。背景鏈接Hack英譯為黑客。黑客攻擊通常指未經(jīng)授權(quán)入侵計算機(jī)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)。從事黑客活動的人被稱為黑客。該黑客可能會改變系統(tǒng)或安全特性,以實現(xiàn)不同于系統(tǒng)最初目的的目標(biāo)。黑客行為也可以指非惡意的活動,通常涉及對設(shè)備或流程的不尋?；蚺R時變更。B(2020·揭陽模擬)Manyofushavereachedinourpockets,feelingavibration(振動),wronglybelievingourmobilephoneshavejustrung.Thephenomenonevenhasaname:phantom(幻覺的)vibrationsyndrome—andfounditissurprisinglymon.Nowscientistsbelievethatwearesoalert(警覺的)forphonecallsandmessagesthatwearemisinterpretingslightmusclespasms(痙攣)asproofofacall.RobertRosenberger,anassistantprofessorattheGeorgiaTechInstituteofTechnologyhasstudiedthedelusionalcalls.Hesaidsufferersdescribeavaguetinglingfeelingwhichtheythinkistheirmobilephoneindicatingithasreceivedatextmessageorcallwhileon“silent”.Butwhenthedeviceisretrieved,thereisnooneontheotherend.Dr.Rosenbergersaidhefoundsomanypeoplesay,“Thishappenstome,butIthoughtIwastheonlyone.IthoughtIwasodd.”Itseemsthatthesyndromeparticularlyaffectspeopleatthebeckandcall(等待)ofmobilephonesorpagers.A2010studybyMichaelRothbergandcolleaguesfoundthatnearly70percentofdoctorsatahospitalinMassachusettssufferedphantomvibrations.AmorerecentstudyofUScollegestudentsfoundthefigurewasashighas90percent.Whiletheoddfeelingiswidespread,itdoesnotseemtobeconsideredagraveproblem.Dr.Rosenbergersaid,“It’snotactuallyasyndromeinatechnicalsense.That’sjustthenamethat’sgotstucktoit.”Headded,“Only2percentofpeopleconsideritaproblem.”Whilethisphenomenoniswidespread,thescientificmunityhasnotyetinvestedmucheffortingettingtothebottomofwhywesufferphantomcalls.Dr.Rosenbergersaid,“Peopleareguessingithassomethingtodowithnervousenergy.Thecognitive(認(rèn)知的)scientistsaretalkingaboutbrainchemistry,cognitivepathwayschanging.Butit’snotliketheyhavebrainscanstogoon.”Hesaid,“Wehaveaphonecallinourpocketallthetimeanditbeessortofanextensionofourselves.Wehavethissortofreadinesstoexperienceacall.Wefeelsomethingandwethink,OK,thatcouldbeacall.”【文章大意】本文是一篇社會生活類文章。文章介紹了一種非常普遍的病癥——振動幻聽綜合征。5.Whydosomepeoplemistakeslightmusclespasmsforacall?A.Theyallhaveavividimagination.B.Theyaresensitivetocallsandmessages.C.Therearefewcallsandmessagesintheirlife.D.Slightmusclespasmsaffectthemmorethanotherpeople.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Nowscientistsbelievethatwearesoalertforphonecallsandmessagesthatwearemisinterpretingslightmusclespasmsasproofofacall.”可知,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為我們對和短信如此警覺以至于我們會把輕微的肌肉痙攣誤認(rèn)為是。6.Whichofthefollowingaremorelikelytohavephantomvibrationsyndromethanothers?A.Doctors.B.Universityprofessors.C.Collegestudents.D.Thecognitivescientists.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“A2010studybyMichaelRothbergandcolleaguesfoundthatnearly70percentofdoctorsatahospitalinMassachusettssufferedphantomvibrations.AmorerecentstudyofUScollegestudentsfoundthefigurewasashighas90percent.”可知,90%的大學(xué)生患有振動幻聽綜合征。7.InDr.Rosenberger’sopinion,phantomvibrationsyndrome.

A.isn’takindofdiseaseactuallyB.isconsideredaproblembymostpeopleC.isaseriousproblemignoredbypeopleD.hassomethingtodowithbrainchemistry【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“It’snotactuallyasyndromeinatechnicalsense.”可知,Dr.Rosenberger認(rèn)為,從專業(yè)角度來說,這并不是一種綜合征。也就是說,他認(rèn)為這并不是一種病。8.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Mostpeoplehavephantomvibrationsyndrome.B.Howtokeepawayfromphantomvibrationsyndrome.C.Howtoreducephantomphonevibrations.D.Peoplecaretoomuchaboutphantomphonevibrations.【解析】選A。主旨大意題。第一段是文章中心段。該段主要介紹了振動幻聽綜合征是一種非常普遍的現(xiàn)象。大部分人都患有振動幻聽綜合征。本文簡單分析了這種現(xiàn)象的原因以及科學(xué)家們對此的看法?！菊`區(qū)警示】本題容易誤選B。本文提到振動幻聽綜合征,很多會想到是如何預(yù)防,但本文沒提到該問題,只是談了這一普遍現(xiàn)象?！局R拓展】佳詞積累1.monadj.普遍的2.proof n.證據(jù)3.describe v.描述4.indicate v.表明5.widespread adj.廣泛的6.phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象7.nervous adj.緊張的難句解讀Hesaidsufferersdescribeavaguetinglingfeelingwhichtheythinkistheirmobilephoneindicatingithasreceivedatextmessageorcallwhileon“silent”.分析:which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾feeling,theythink是一個插入語;which在定語從句中作主語;indicating為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。while后為一個省略的時間狀語從句。翻譯:他說患者描述了一種模糊的刺痛感,他們認(rèn)為是他們的在靜音狀態(tài)下提示收到了一條短消息或。背景鏈接振動幻聽綜合征(phantomvibrationsyndrome)其實是一種由科技產(chǎn)品所帶來的現(xiàn)象,在普及化后大家開始依賴,當(dāng)放在包包、口袋等這些我們無法看到的地方時,就會開始產(chǎn)生不安與幻覺。振動幻聽綜合征是預(yù)期焦慮的結(jié)果,影響近70%的用戶。這些用戶已經(jīng)非常習(xí)慣于響動,大腦會在他們“需要”的時候,讓他們產(chǎn)生響動的錯覺。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大約有68%的用戶出現(xiàn)振動幻聽綜合征,其中87%的人每周都會有這種錯覺,13%的人每天產(chǎn)生這種錯覺。Ⅱ.閱讀填句Alcoholaddictionisharmful.Itmayruinyourlife,familyandcareer.Herearesomeideastohelppeoplestopdrinking.·FirstStepThefirststeptostopdrinkingistoknowwhyyouwanttostopdrinking.Makealistofreasonstostopdrinkingalcohol.1Itwouldbebettertodisplayitinseveralplaceslikeonyourfridgedoorandinyourhandbagtoincreasechancesofseeingit.

·ReduceDrinkingAlcoholGraduallyIfyou’reaheavydrinkerforalongtime,itmaynotbepossibleforyoutoputafullstoptodrinkingwithinoneday.2Inaddition,fixadateforafinalpletestop.

·TalkToYourDoctorAlcoholaddictionisadisease,andmayhavecausedafewchemicalchangesinyourbodysystem.Itmighthaveaffectedyourimportantorganssuchasliver,heart,kidney,andsoon.3

·JoinSupportGroupsTherearemanysupportgroupslikeAlcoholicsAnonymousandAVERT.4Theyprovidepracticaltipsandsuggestionsbasedontheirownexperience.

·LearnToSayaFirmNOFriendsatdrinkingclubsmayinviteyoutodrinkwithreasons.5Youshouldlearntostayactivebydevelopingnewhobbiesandinterestsandspendingthatalcoholdrinkingtimewithyourfamilyandfriends.

A.TurndowntheirinvitationswithpoliteyetfirmNos.B.Alcoholcaninfluencepeople’shealthandhowtheyact.C.Youcanalsolookforafriend’shelptopletethelist.D.Usually,therefore,youneedexpertmedicalhelpfortreatment.E.Theverybestchoicemightbetodrinklessandthenstopdrinkinggradually.F.Forexample,peoplemaydrinktodealwithproblemslikeboredom,stress,ormoneytroubles.G.Theirmembershipconsistsofpreviousalcoholaddictswhohavesuccessfullygivenuptheiraddiction.【文章大意】本文作者針對如何戒掉酒癮這一問題,給出了自己的一些建議。1.【解析】選C。Makealistofreasonstostopdrinkingalcohol.這里提到了列一張戒酒原因的清單,選C(你也可以尋找朋友的幫助來完成這張清單)。2.【解析】選E。由Ifyou’reaheavydrinkerforalongtime,itmaynotbepossibleforyoutoputafullstoptodrinkingwithinoneday.和Inaddition,fixadateforafinalpletestop.可知這里提到了循序漸進(jìn)地戒酒,故選E(最好的選擇是少喝點,逐漸完全戒掉)。3.【解析】選D。根據(jù)這段的標(biāo)題TalkToYourDoctor,可知這里意思是因此,你通常需要專業(yè)的藥物治療,選D。4.【解析】選G。由TherearemanysupportgroupslikeAlcoholicsAnonymousandAVERT.和Theyprovidepracticaltipsandsuggestionsbasedontheirownexperience.可知這里意思是他們的會員包括以前喝酒上癮的人,他們已經(jīng)成功戒掉了酒癮,選G。5.【解析】選A。由Friendsatdrinkingclubsmayinviteyoutodrinkwithreasons.和Youshouldlearntostayactivebydevelopingnewhobbiesandinterestsandspendingthatalcoholdrinkingtimewithyourfamilyandfriends.可知這里意思是禮貌并且堅定地說“不”,拒絕他們的邀請,選A。Ⅲ.短文改錯Thebusyschoollifestartedagainamonthago.T