環(huán)境管理英語單詞

environment環(huán)境environmental環(huán)境的environmentalscience環(huán)境科學(xué)environmentalengineering環(huán)境工程environmentalmanagement環(huán)境管理environmentalissue環(huán)境議題environmentalconcern環(huán)境憂慮environmentalproblem環(huán)境問題environmentalprotection環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentalmovement環(huán)境運動environmentalist環(huán)境主義者environmentalism環(huán)境主義.pollution污染pollute(v)污染(動)pollutant污染物polluter污染者contamination污染contaminate(v)污染contaminant污染物contaminator污染者sustainable可持續(xù)的sustainabledevelopment可持續(xù)發(fā)展sustainability可持續(xù)性sustain(v)持續(xù)(動)naturalresources自然資源biodiversity生物多樣性ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)agroecosystem農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)naturalecosystem自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)domesticatedecosystem人類馴化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)ecological生態(tài)學(xué)的wilderness荒野ecosphere生物圈timber木材ranch大農(nóng)場livestock家畜graze(v)吃草(動)municipal市政的conserve(v)保護(hù)(動)coniferous針葉林的canal運河biodynamic生物驅(qū)動predator捕食者bioaccumulate(v)生物積累(動)petrochemical石油化工產(chǎn)品microcosm微宇宙tributary支流footprint印跡vegetation植被politics政治philosophy哲學(xué)socialorganization社會組織traditionalscience傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)societalvalue社會價值politicalawareness政治意識politicaljurisdiction政治權(quán)限politicalfriction政治摩擦economicadvantages經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢follow-up跟進(jìn)wildness荒野漫無邊際的荒野boundlesswildnessTheEarthDay地球日發(fā)起地球日活動tolaunchtheactivityoftheEarthDayTheEarthSummit地球峰會以前被稱作為UNCED的地球峰會TheEarthDayformallyknownastheUNCED4.RachelCarson雷切爾.卡森像雷切爾卡森這樣的杰出科學(xué)家thedistinguishedscientistlikeRachelCarsongreenhousegases溫室氣體.溫室氣體排放emissionofgreenhousegasesglobalwarming全球變暖全球變暖相關(guān)問題issueslinkedtoglobalwarminggreenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)溫室效應(yīng)的嚴(yán)重后果seriousconsequencesofgreenhouseeffectclimatechange氣候變化周期性的氣候變化periodicalclimatechangeTheKyotoProtocol京都議定書.京都議定書協(xié)議agreementsoftheKyotoProtocolTheGreatLakes五大湖五大湖的邊界boundariesoftheGreatLakesChesapeakeBay切薩彼克灣切薩彼克灣實驗基地theexperimentalbaseofChesapeakeBaymetropolitancomplex大城市群.渤海灣大城市群themetropolitancomplexinBohaiGulfabandonedindustrialsites廢棄的工業(yè)場地?zé)o數(shù)的廢棄工業(yè)場地countlessabandonedindustrialsitesgrassland草地廣袤無垠的草地thevastgrasslandforest森林茂盛的森林theexubriantforestfarmland農(nóng)場美國中西部農(nóng)場themidwesternfarmlandsintheU.S.coniferousforest針葉林針葉林主導(dǎo)植被dominantvegetationofconiferousforestdeciduousforest落葉林稀疏的落葉林sparsedeciduousforesttropicalrainforest熱帶雨林南美熱帶雨林tropicalrainforestinSouthAmericatemperateforest溫帶森林從未砍伐的溫帶森林theuncuttemperateforest21.floodplain洪水平原洪水平原的大規(guī)模喪失thegreatlossoffloodplain22.deltas三角洲三角洲污染物匯集pollutantconvergenceindeltas23.watershed水域密西西比河水域theMississippiRiverwatershed24.coralreef珊瑚礁珊瑚礁白化coralreefwhitening25.coastalareas沿海地帶沿海地帶發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)thedevelopedplacesincoastalareas26.wetland濕地濕地棲息地thewetlandhabitat27.groundwater地下水地下水回填groundwaterrefilling28.drinkingwater飲用水含有化肥的飲用水thedrinkingwatercontainingfertilizers29.openspace空曠地帶城市空曠地帶缺失thelackofurbanopenspace30.ruralpeople農(nóng)村人憨厚的農(nóng)村人simpleandhonestruralpeople31.urbandwellers城市居民城市居民的高生活水準(zhǔn)highlivingstandardofurbandwellers32.suburban郊區(qū)的郊區(qū)的快速城市化rapidsuburbanurbanizationerosion流失不可避免的流失inevitableerosionsoilerosion土壤流失眾所周知的土壤流失thewell-knownsoilerosionerosive流失的流失的趨勢erosivetendencyerode(v)流失(動)流失逐步升級toerodeincreasinglysilt淤泥堆積的淤泥piling-upsiltsiltation淤泥化令人困擾的淤泥化perplexingsiltationsiltup(v)淤泥堵塞(動)持續(xù)不斷地淤泥堵塞tosiltupcontinuouslydredge(v)挖泥(動)高效率地挖泥todredgehighlyefficientlyaccidentalspill事故性撒漏難以預(yù)見的事故性撒漏unpredictableaccidentalspilltoxin毒素致命毒素lethaltoxintoxic有毒的有毒的化學(xué)試劑toxicchemicalreagentstoxicity毒性積累性毒性accumulativetoxicitytoxicology毒理學(xué)生態(tài)毒理學(xué)ecologicaltoxicologyfertilizer化肥氮肥nitrogenfertilizerspesticide殺蟲劑含氯殺蟲劑chlorinatedpesticideswatertable地下水位下降了

的地下水位theloweredwatertable49.irrigation灌溉灌溉管網(wǎng)irrigationpipelinesregionaleconomy區(qū)域經(jīng)濟區(qū)域經(jīng)濟滯后theretardationofregionaleconomylocaleconomy地區(qū)經(jīng)濟地區(qū)經(jīng)濟超前theleadoflocaleconomyworldeconomy世界經(jīng)濟世界經(jīng)濟衰退fallingworldeconomyglobaleconomy全球經(jīng)濟全球經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇recoveryofglobaleconomycoast海岸陽光海岸sunnycoast55.coastline海岸線蜿蜒曲折的海岸線windingcoastline56.agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)機械agriculturemachinerylow-payingjobs低薪工作不屑一顧的低薪工作disdainedlow-payingjobsmunicipalservices市政服務(wù)逐步改進(jìn)的市政服務(wù)graduallyimprovedmunicipalservicesTheMekongRiver湄公河越南境內(nèi)的湄公河TheMeikongRiverinVienambarrierisland堤島星羅棋布的堤島widelyscatteredbarrierislandsexploitation開發(fā)exploit開發(fā)（動）exploitable可開發(fā)的exploitativeexploitable可開發(fā)的36.36.compound化合物36.36.compound化合物science科學(xué)scientificmethod科學(xué)方法observation觀察questioning質(zhì)疑hypothesis猜想hypotheses假說（復(fù)）experience經(jīng)驗matter物質(zhì)energy能量Atom原子atomic原子的nucleus原子核nuclei原子核（復(fù)）hypothesize猜測（動）neutron中子12.12.hypothetical猜測性的.experiment實驗proton質(zhì)子electron電子molecule分子molecular分子的controlledexperiment控制實ion離子variable變量cation陽離子reproducibility重現(xiàn)性theory理論scientificlaw科學(xué)法則anion陰離子isotope同位素element元素48.48.catalyst催化劑1.latentheat潛熱48.48.catalyst催化劑1.latentheat潛熱mixture混合物catalyze催化（動）acid(base)酸acidic(basic)酸性的alkaline堿性的hydrogenion氫離子hydroxide氫氧根chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵chemicalreaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)endothermic吸熱的exothermic放熱的activationenergy活化能catalysis催化catalytic催化的enzyme酶organic有機的inorganic無機的photosynthesis光合作用respiration呼吸fermentation發(fā)酵kineticenergy動能potentialenergy勢能sensibleheat顯熱40.40.coevolution共進(jìn)化40.40.coevolution共進(jìn)化27.27.liquidize使液化（動）thermodynamic熱動力的16.vaporize蒸汽化（動）vapor（vapour）（vapourer）vapor（vapour）（vapourer）蒸氣thermodynamics熱動力學(xué)combustion燃燒incineration焚燒burning燃燒的（高熱的；燃燒）entropy熵enthalpy焓gas氣體gaseous氣體的gaseity氣態(tài)gasify氣化（動）gasification氣化gasifiable可氣化的vaporous（vaporific,vapourish,vapoury）蒸汽的solid固體solidify固化（動）（凝固；變硬；結(jié)晶）solidification固化solidity固態(tài)（硬度；穩(wěn)?。﹕olidifiable能凝固的liquid液體（液體的；流動的；不穩(wěn)定的）liquify（liquefy）液化（動）liquifiable可液化的liquifier液化器liquefaction液化(作用)biotic生物的abiotic非生物的limitingfactor限制性因子rangeoftolerance耐受范圍habitat棲息地inhabit(inhabitancy,inhabitant,inhabitation)棲息(動)habitual習(xí)慣的niche小生態(tài)naturalselection自然選擇evolution進(jìn)化evolutionary(evolutional)進(jìn)化的speciation物種分化extinction滅絕predator捕食者predation捕食prey獵物competition競爭intraspecific種內(nèi)的interspecific種間的symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的parasitism寄生parasite寄生蟲parasitic寄生蟲的32.32.denitrify反硝化（動）host宿主host宿主ectoparasite外寄生蟲producer生產(chǎn)者endoparasite內(nèi)寄生蟲commensalism偏利共生mutualism互生herbivore食草動物herbivorous食草的carnivore食肉動物carnivorous食肉的omnivore雜食動物scavenger食腐動物decomposer分解者consumer消費者primaryconsumer初級消費者secondaryconsumer次級消費者trophiclevel營養(yǎng)級foodchain食物鏈foodweb食物網(wǎng)detritus食屑者biomass生物量nutrientcycle營養(yǎng)循環(huán)carbon碳nitrogen氮phosphorouscycle磷循環(huán)biogeochemicalcycle生物地質(zhì)化學(xué)循環(huán)ammonia氨ammonium銨nitrite亞硝酸鹽nitrate硝酸鹽nitricoxide一氧化氮nitrogenmonoxide一氧化氮nitrogendioxide二氧化氮nitrousoxide一氧化二氮29.nitrify硝化（動）30.nitrification硝化31.nitrogenfixation固氮denitrification反硝化gene基因chromosome染色體keystonespecies關(guān)鍵物種seaurchin海膽seaotter海獺beaver海貍kelp海草41.algae海藻（復(fù)數(shù)）alga海藻moss苔蘚gazelle瞪羚moose麋/駝鹿grasshopper蚱蜢hawk鷹eagle鷹49.falcon獵鷹/雌鷹/游隼50.meadowlark云雀/草地鷚（北美鳥）51.cuckoo杜鵑鳥/布谷鳥robin知更鳥earthworm蚯蚓berry漿果mushroom蘑菇asparagus蘆筍rhubarb大黃lettuce萵苣broccoli椰菜/西蘭花1.milkweed馬利筋屬植物beetle甲殼蟲ladybirdbeetle（ladybird,ladybug）瓢蟲aphid蚜蟲5.toad蟾蜍/癩蛤蟆6.caterpillar毛蟲tapeworm條蟲flea跳蚤lice虱子mouse耗子11.mice老鼠（復(fù)數(shù)）squirrel松鼠bison野牛mosquito蚊子tick壁虱/扁虱orchid蘭花acacia刺槐/洋槐alder榿木/落葉喬木19.aspen白楊/山楊elm榆樹legume豆科植物bean蠶豆/豆clover三葉草/苜蓿屬植物soybean黃豆41.41.mycorrhizal菌根的41.41.mycorrhizal菌根的53.53.hardwoodforest硬木林53.53.hardwoodforest硬木林corn玉米mammoth猛犸dandelion蒲公英bass鱸魚carp鯉魚catfish鯰魚walleye鼓眼魚bacterium細(xì)菌33.bacteria細(xì)菌（復(fù)數(shù)）34.fungus真菌35.fungi真菌（復(fù)數(shù)）virus病毒phage噬菌體mold霉菌mycorrhiza菌根donkey驢mule騾子succession演替successionalstage演替階段primarysuccession初始演替secondarysuccession次生演替pioneercommunity先鋒群落climaxcommunity頂級群落terrestrial陸地的aquatic水生的evergreenforest常綠林mycorrhizae菌根（復(fù)數(shù)）干草原perennialgrass多年生草本植物submergedplant沉水植物emergentplant挺水植物sedge蓑衣草cattail香蒲sphagnum泥炭蘚bulrush蘆葦/燈心草floatingmats水面漂浮席墊植物bog泥沼biome生物群落區(qū)coniferousforest針葉林deciduousforest落葉林grassland草地prairie大草原steppe西伯利亞無樹大草原/savanna熱帶大草原desert沙漠tundra凍原/苔原permafrost永久凍原alpinetundra高山凍原taiga西伯利亞針葉林borealforest北部針葉林chaparral濃密常綠闊葉灌叢（美國加利福尼亞和墨西哥）Mediterranean地中海shrubland灌木叢TheSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠TheNorthPole北極TheSouthPole南極root根seed種子leaf葉stem莖canopy植冠nectar花蜜rodent嚙齒動物rattlesnake響尾蛇lizard蜥蜴spider蜘蛛capybara水豚wildebeest角馬hyena鬣狗/土狼caribou北美馴鹿antelope羚羊reindeer馴鹿deer鹿moth蛾wasp黃蜂ant螞蟻badger獾weasel黃鼠狼mole鼴鼠opossum負(fù)鼠lemming旅鼠hare野兔waterfowl水禽woodpecker啄木鳥grouse松雞turkey火雞finch雀類birch樺樹beech山毛櫸hickory山核桃樹maple楓樹oak橡樹spruce云杉fir樅樹larch落葉松willow柳樹balsa輕質(zhì)木teakwood柚木ornamentalwood裝飾木66.pelagic遠(yuǎn)洋的/深海的freshwaterecosystem淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)marineecosystem海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)plankton浮游生物phytoplankton浮游植物zooplankton浮游動物benthicecosystem底棲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)benthic底棲的abyssal深海的coralreef珊瑚礁mangrove紅樹estuary入?？?河口littoralzone濱海地帶limneticzone湖沼地帶euphoticzone有光區(qū)oligotrophic寡營養(yǎng)的eutrophic富營養(yǎng)的swamp樹木沼澤marsh草地沼澤crayfish小龍蝦/喇蛄clam蛤蚌crab螃蟹sponge海綿jellyfish海蜇/水母oyster牡蠣seaanemone白頭翁/銀蓮花mackerel馬鮫魚tuna金槍魚flounder比目魚salmon鮭魚/大馬哈魚natality出生率birthrate出生率mortality死亡率deathrate死亡率morbidity發(fā)病率survivorshipcurve存活曲線sexratio性別比agedistribution年齡分布monogamous一雌一雄的polygamous一雌多雄的/一雄多雌的sterile節(jié)育的nonsterile未節(jié)育的reproduce繁殖（動）39.divide分裂（動）germinate發(fā)芽（動）germination發(fā)芽fertilize受精（動）fertilization受精prereproductive育齡前的reproductive育齡的postreproductive育齡后的47.juvenile年幼的/青少年的adult成年mature成熟的premature未成熟的51.mate配對（動）lifespan壽命populationdensity人口密度populationsize人口littersize同胎生仔數(shù)maternalcare產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理/婦幼保健shelter避難所nestingsite孵化地dispersal分散/散布disperse分散（動）immigration移入emigration移居國外overcrowd過度擁擠bioticpotential生物潛能/繁殖本能male雄性female雌性parents父母offspring子代individual個體population群體lagphase遲滯期exponentialgrowthphase指數(shù)生長期logphase對數(shù)生長期stablephase穩(wěn)定期equilibriumphase平衡生長期deathphase死亡期carryingcapacity承載力environmentalresistance環(huán)境阻力limitingfactor限制性因子K-strategistK-策略者r-strategistr-策略者endangeredspecies瀕危物種threatenedspecies受威脅物種doublingtime倍增時間industrializedcountries工業(yè)化國家famine饑荒politicalunrest政治騷動politicalupheaval政治大亂politicalturmoil政治動亂groundwatermining地下水開采populationdensity人口密度vegetariandiet素食者飲食demography人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)replacementfertility替換出生率agedistribution年齡分布childbearingage懷孕年齡breastfeeding母乳喂養(yǎng)earlymarriage早婚pregnancy懷孕pregnant懷孕的nurse養(yǎng)育/護(hù)理（動）birthcontrol計劃生育contraception避孕adulthood成年socialsecurity社會保障childcare兒童照管economicprosperity經(jīng)濟繁榮medicalcare醫(yī)療照管cashbonus現(xiàn)金獎勵sterilization絕育abortion流產(chǎn)standardofliving生活水平livingstandard生活水平couple夫婦lifeexpectancy預(yù)期壽命disposalincome可支配收入purchasingpower購買力infant嬰兒overnutrition營養(yǎng)過剩undernutrition營養(yǎng)不良o(jì)verweight超重obese肥胖economicincentives經(jīng)濟刺激foreigndebt外債corruption腐敗self-sufficient自足immigrant外來移民emigrant國外移居者caucasian白種人emergingeconomics新興經(jīng)濟biodiversity生物多樣性geneticdiversity遺傳多樣性speciesdiversity物種多樣性ecosystemdiversity生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣性populationsize人口數(shù)量reproduction繁殖sexualreproduction有性生殖asexualreproduction無性生殖breed繁衍（動）speciesrichness物種豐富度geneticcombination遺傳組和mutation突變migration遷徙passengerpigeon信鴿carrierpigeon信鴿homingpigeon家鴿moa恐鳥zebramussel斑馬貝topography地形patch小塊土地ridge脊/嶺rollingterrain起伏地勢pollination授粉pollinator傳粉者fishery漁業(yè)medicinalplant藥用植物shoreline海岸線habitatloss棲息地丟失nativespecies原生物種exoticspecies外來物種alienspecies外來物種fragmentation碎片化scrubland灌木叢林地cropland莊稼地shoreland海岸地帶rangeland牧場permanentpasture永久牧場/草場deforestation砍伐森林reforestation再森林化clear-cutting皆伐selectiveharvesting選擇性收獲plantationforestry種植/人工林業(yè)forage飼料mahogany紅木eucalyptus桉樹regrowth再生長desertification荒漠化subsistencefarming維持性耕作subsistenceagriculture維持性農(nóng)業(yè)nomadicherder游牧牧民trawl拖網(wǎng)anchovy鳀魚fishfarming漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖geneticmakeup遺傳組成chimpanzee黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩bushmeat野生動物肉rhinoceros犀牛ballastwater壓艙水marsupial有袋動物52.lamprey七腮鰻/八日鰻smelt公魚alewife大肚鯡goby蝦虎魚ruffe梅花鱸grizzlybear灰/黑熊exterminate滅絕（動）TheWorldConservationUnion世界保護(hù)聯(lián)盟touristattraction旅游勝地scenicsite景點poacher偷獵者cover掩體sapling樹苗gizzard肌胃/砂囊migratorybird候鳥landmass大地pike狗魚cod鱈魚bottomdweller底棲生物habitatmanagement棲息地管理bluegill翻車魚/藍(lán)腮land-use土地使用landscape地勢urbanplanning城市規(guī)劃waterfront濱水區(qū)tenement經(jīng)濟公寓outskirt遠(yuǎn)郊suburban郊區(qū)的realestate房地產(chǎn)shoppingcenter購物中心congestion擁堵decentralize去中心化（動）utilityservice公用事業(yè)zoningordinance區(qū)域劃分條例housingtract居民區(qū)urbansprawl城市擴張tractdevelopment片區(qū)發(fā)展ribbonsprawl帶型擴張publictransport公共運輸landowner土地?fù)碛姓遠(yuǎn)istoricbuilding歷史建筑battlefield戰(zhàn)場openspace空地municipality市政府naturecenter自然中心27.brownfield廢棄的工業(yè)場地rancher大牧場主TheForestService林業(yè)管理局geopolitics地緣政治學(xué)TheColdWar冷戰(zhàn)democracy民主centralgovernment中央政府localgovernment地方政府privateinstitution私人機構(gòu)privatesector私有部門civilsociety公民社會technologicalinnovation技術(shù)革新deregulation放松管制publicpolicy公共政策governance統(tǒng)治/管制advocacy