詞匯團(tuán)0329學(xué)習(xí)匯總周三中級閱讀

Islanguage,likefood,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybehopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyatrighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspasExpertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesbowel–likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtocommentthesightandfeelof,say,atoy–bearwiththesoundpattern“toy–bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyses,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals,.Sensitivitytothechild’snon–verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentofThepurposeofFrederickI’sexperiment toprovethatchildrenarebornwithabilitytotodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeaktofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtosptoprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningaThereasonthatsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostlikelythat theyareincapableoflearninglanguagetheyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageattheirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstotheirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpWhatisparticularlyremarkableaboutachildis heisbornwiththecapacitytohehasabrainmorecomplexthananhecanproducehisownheoweshisspeechabilitytogoodWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheThefacultyofspeechisinborninThechild’sbrainishighlyMostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefiniteAlltheIfachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,he inhaveahighIQB.belessbeinsensitivetoverbalsignalsD.notnecessarilybeInsensitivity的意思指的是“不敏感”。例如：Iwasashamedatmyclumsinessandinsensitivity.我為自己的笨拙和麻木不仁感到羞愧。又如：Thegovernmenthasbehavedwithcrassinsensitivity.該政府行事愚蠢而且麻木不仁。incredible的意思是“不可思議的，驚人的，難以置信的”。例如："You'recominghesaidexcitedly."That'sfantastic!That'sincredible!"“你要來么？”他激動地說，“那太好了！簡直難以置信！”又如：WeimportanincredibleamountofcheesefromtheContinent.我們從歐洲大陸進(jìn)口數(shù)量驚人的奶酪。recombine在本篇閱讀中表示“重組”。例句：Therecombineofpropertyisthemainformwhichrealizesthestrategicadjustment.資產(chǎn)重組是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整的主要形式。再如：Afteranimmeasurablyshorttimeinterval,theelectron-positronpairrecombine.電子―正電子經(jīng)過一個不可測量的短暫時間間隔后就重新復(fù)induce在本段中指的是“引誘，引起”，例如：Takingabriskwalkcanofteninduceafeelingofwell-being.快步行走常常會使人感到身心舒暢。Nothingwouldinducemetotakethejob.沒有什么能誘使我接受這份工作。neglect的在本文中的意思是“忽視”例如：Thewomandeniedthatshehadneglectedherchild.那位女士否認(rèn)疏于照管自己的孩子。又如：Feedplantsandtheygrow,neglectthemandtheysuffer.人勤地生寶;人懶地長草。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.可知細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,可知有些孩子說話遲鈍的原因C。Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyses,tocombineandrecombine