4182 161 2016強化第40至暗示推理

準解析》；2002-Text①Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.②Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareone準解析》；2002-Textunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.③Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.④Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries,alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganized①Hereisanexample,whichIheard,atnurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.②AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.③Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.④Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstomps*overtoatablebyhimself.⑤“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.⑥“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”①Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.②Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparaging*remarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.③YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.①Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.②Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuff*remarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.③Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-hearted①Lookforthehumor.②Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.③Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.④Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.⑤Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youtakeadvantageofdifferentkindsofmakefunofthedisorganizedaddressdifferentproblemstodifferentshowsympathyforyourThejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyimpolitetonewveryconsciousoftheirgodlikeentitledtosomeverybusyevenduringlunchItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublichavebenefitedmanyarethefocusofpublicareaninappropriatesubjectforhaveoftenbeenthelaughingToachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbeinwell-worded [B]asawkwardlyas[C]inexaggerated [D]ascasuallyasThebesttitleforthetextmayUseHumor [B]VariousKindsofAddHumorto [D]DifferentHumor準解析》；2006-Text2①Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.②Smallerspecies準解析》；2006-Text2toextinction.④Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeninginthe①Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.②WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.③Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.④Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.⑤AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomass*oflargepredators*(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.⑥Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.①DrWormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.②Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.③Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.④Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.⑤Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.⑥Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.⑦Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.⑧Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.①DrMyersandDrWormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.②Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline.”③Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.④Thatmattersbecausesuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestlargeanimalswerevulnerabletothechangingsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalslargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreatslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingWecaninferfromDrMyersandDr.Worm’spaperthestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedbythereareonlyhalfasmanyfish