江蘇高考英語(yǔ)-高考題分類練-補(bǔ)弱項(xiàng)+閱讀理解D專練5篇+Word版含答案

閱讀理解D專練5篇Passage1(2017江蘇,D)OldProblem,NewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:“Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation.”Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.

Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(連接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslistof“100ideastosavetheplanet”.Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.1.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.

A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging2.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.3.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A.Storingiceforfutureuse.B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.C.Changingtheirrigationtime.D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.4.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.5.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.

A.adapttocarbonpollutionB.planthighlyprofitablecropsC.leavecarbonemissionaloneD.fightagainstcarbonpollution6.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?A.Settingupanewstandard.B.Reducingcarbonemission.C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為環(huán)境問(wèn)題類。話題為“老問(wèn)題,新方法”——適應(yīng)我們所面臨的嚴(yán)峻的氣候環(huán)境,而且要意識(shí)到環(huán)境的改變和適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個(gè)過(guò)程。1.A語(yǔ)義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段主題句Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.可知?dú)夂虻母淖兪且粋€(gè)不斷變化的過(guò)程。再結(jié)合后面幾段給出的事例可知,適應(yīng)也是一個(gè)不斷變化的過(guò)程,由此可推斷出畫線部分意為adaptationisanever-changingprocess,故答案為A項(xiàng)。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.及后面的描述可知他的非營(yíng)利組織在充分利用糟糕的環(huán)境,故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。本題干擾項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng),由第三段第五句Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivitytoreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第六句Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.可知A項(xiàng)正確。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段首句InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.可推斷出答案為D。5.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.可推知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.可知最明智的適應(yīng)應(yīng)該是改變我們的能量體系以減少碳排放污染,故B項(xiàng)正確。Passage2(2018江蘇,D)Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年)nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“l(fā)ikes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren’sCommissioner(專員)AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“l(fā)ikes”fortheironlineposts.Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were“startingtofeelhappy”whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere“concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts”,suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup“worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia”.Shesaid:“Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool.”Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas“hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves”.MissLongfieldadded:“Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon’tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.”“Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally.”TheChildren’sCommissionerforEngland’sstudy—LifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人)ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷區(qū))theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso“takemoreresponsibility”.Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.JavedKhan,ofchildren’scharityBarnardo’s,said:“It’svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.”“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”1.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.2.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause.

A.theydidn’tadequatelychecktheirusers’registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn’tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate3.Children’scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto.

A.lessfriendlinesstoeachotherB.lowerself-identityandconfidenceC.anincreaseinonlinecheatingD.astrongerdesiretostayonline4.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto.

A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesoftheirpostsC.usemobilephonesforplayD.getmorepublicapproval5.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.C.Keeptrackofchildren’suseofsocialmedia.D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.6.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),青少年變得依賴社交媒體來(lái)找到自我價(jià)值。他們中很多人都以網(wǎng)上的點(diǎn)贊量來(lái)衡量自己的地位,這在很多方面帶來(lái)了不利影響。因此家長(zhǎng)、學(xué)校和媒體應(yīng)該肩負(fù)起更多的責(zé)任。1.B推理判斷題。題干句意:為什么一些中學(xué)生們感到壓力巨大?根據(jù)第三段第二句可知,社交媒體公司使孩子們?cè)谇楦蟹矫婷媾R危險(xiǎn),因?yàn)檫@些開始上中學(xué)的年輕人并未做好準(zhǔn)備去應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來(lái)的巨大壓力。由此可知B項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容一致,意為“他們并沒(méi)有為情感方面的危險(xiǎn)做好充分準(zhǔn)備”。2.A推理判斷題。題干句意:一些社交應(yīng)用程序公司應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé),因?yàn)?。根?jù)第四段可知,盡管有些社交應(yīng)用程序應(yīng)該要求用戶至少滿13歲,但是這些應(yīng)用程序還是受到孩子們的歡迎。由此可見(jiàn),社交應(yīng)用程序公司并沒(méi)有充分檢查用戶的注冊(cè),故A項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。

3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干句意:孩子們與他人在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行比較可能導(dǎo)致。根據(jù)第九段可知,隨著孩子交際圈的擴(kuò)大,他們會(huì)與他人在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行比較,這會(huì)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害他們的自我認(rèn)同、自信心以及發(fā)展自我的能力,由此可見(jiàn)B項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。

4.D推理判斷題。題干句意:根據(jù)LifeinLikes,隨著孩子們的成長(zhǎng),他們變得更加渴望。根據(jù)第十一、十二和十三段可知,這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)8歲的孩子利用社交媒體平臺(tái)主要是為了玩兒,而到10歲左右時(shí),他們上網(wǎng)就開始變得焦慮了,到了11歲時(shí),他們更加關(guān)注自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)形象,他們要確保自己發(fā)布的內(nèi)容受到別人歡迎。由此判斷,隨著孩子的成長(zhǎng),他們上網(wǎng)更加渴望得到他人的贊同。

5.C推理判斷題。題干句意:要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該做什么?由倒數(shù)第一段可知C項(xiàng)“跟蹤孩子們對(duì)社交媒體的使用”符合題意。故選C。6.A主旨大意題。通讀全文可概括得知,文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn):隨著孩子們的成長(zhǎng),社交媒體給他們帶來(lái)了不利影響,故A項(xiàng)符合文章主旨,意為“社交媒體對(duì)孩子們的影響”。Passage3(2015江蘇,D)FreedomandResponsibilityFreedom’schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.InGreece,inAthens(雅典),alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian’sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;andwiththisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.But,“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent,”Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto:“Thecapacity(能力)ofmankindforself-government.”NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman’sthoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.D.Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.2.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho.

A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.seekgainsastheirprimaryobjectC.behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity3.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.4.Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?A.Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.5.WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.B.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.C.TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.D.Theauthorisproudofman’scapacity.6.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoffreedom?A.Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.B.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.C.Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.D.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為社會(huì)歷史類。在現(xiàn)在的“數(shù)字時(shí)代”,自由是一個(gè)很嚴(yán)肅的話題?？v觀歷史,古希臘在2,500年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了自由,而且它的自由來(lái)源于責(zé)任。1.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的前三句Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.可知,在古希臘發(fā)現(xiàn)自由之前,各地都不存在自由。古埃及和古巴比倫也是沒(méi)有自由的國(guó)家,由“oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses”可知,一個(gè)有強(qiáng)大權(quán)力的人統(tǒng)治著無(wú)助的群眾,故選D項(xiàng)。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether...ifhewasself-controlled.可知,雅典人的自由在于自覺(jué)遵守已經(jīng)通過(guò)的書面法律和非書面法律,他們靠“self-controlled”來(lái)獲取自由,由此可推出信仰自由的人應(yīng)該是那些遵守法律和價(jià)值體系的人,故選C項(xiàng)。3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“...responsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.”可知,雅典人不肯承擔(dān)責(zé)任,故選A項(xiàng)正確。4.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第三句Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburden...theywouldceasetobefree.可知選B項(xiàng)。5.A推理判斷題。作者以這兩個(gè)人說(shuō)的話來(lái)告訴讀者,雅典永遠(yuǎn)失去了自由,但是全世界的自由并沒(méi)有永遠(yuǎn)失去,人類一旦有了一個(gè)好的主意,數(shù)字時(shí)代就不會(huì)毀掉它,它會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)存在。由最后一句可知,誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)什么時(shí)候采取行動(dòng),但是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)總會(huì)在某個(gè)時(shí)間這樣做的。綜合來(lái)看,作者以此來(lái)表明自己對(duì)自由充滿了希望。6.D推理判斷題。概括全文可以看出,作者認(rèn)為真正的自由依賴自我承擔(dān)責(zé)任,依靠自我約束。故選D項(xiàng)正確。Passage4(2016江蘇,D)Notsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantedtochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympictrialsinearly2008,Shelly-Ann,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).“Wheredidshecomefrom?”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShelly-Annwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicsshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipsinBerlin,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73—thefourthfastesttimeever.Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse,whereshelivedinaone-roomapartment,sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse,oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly-Ann’sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings;oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamilydidn’thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime,oneofafamilyoffourteen,hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut,likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse,hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse’sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.Itdidn’ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty,surroundedbycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.ButShelly-Ann’svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld’stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry,”Shellysaid.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman’saswellasaman’sworld.

AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren’tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”O(jiān)neofthethingsShelly-Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.1.WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly-Ann?A.Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble.B.Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C.Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance.D.Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.2.WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShelly-Annbeforethe2008OlympicGames?A.Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar.B.Shebadlyneededtosethighergoals.C.Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.D.Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall.3.WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?A.Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.B.HerinterestinShelly-Ann’squickprofit.C.HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty.D.Herearlyentranceintothesprintingworld.4.WhatcanweinferfromShelly-Ann’sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?A.Shewashighlyrewardedforherefforts.B.Shewaseagertodomoreforhercountry.C.Shebecameanathleticstarinhercountry.D.Shewastheenvyofthewholecommunity.5.BymentioningMuhammadAli’swords,theauthorintendstotellusthat.

A.playersshouldbehighlyinspiredbycoachesB.greatathletesneedtoconcentrateonpatienceC.hardworkisnecessaryinone’sachievementsD.motivationallowsgreatathletestobeonthetop6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMakingofaGreatAthleteB.TheDreamforChampionshipC.TheKeytoHighPerformanceD.ThePowerofFullResponsibility答案[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。題材為人物故事類。本文講述了在北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得女子100米短跑金牌的牙買加運(yùn)動(dòng)員Shelly-Ann的奮斗故事,也給那些想取得成功的人一個(gè)啟示:要有渴望、有夢(mèng)想、有愿景。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的描述可知,從她身上教練看到了一個(gè)偉大成功的開始,看到了她身上有東西可以被開發(fā)出來(lái),盡管這些東西被其他教練忽視了。由此推斷出這位教練決定訓(xùn)練Shelly-Ann是因?yàn)樗吹搅薃nn身上的那股巨大潛力。故選B項(xiàng)。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的描述可知,她就是那種偶爾出名一次的人(one-hit),會(huì)在毫無(wú)征兆的情況下又銷聲匿跡了(disappearagainwithoutsigns),故選C項(xiàng)。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的描述可知,她下決心不會(huì)讓她的孩子在Waterhouse一直過(guò)這種貧窮的生活,故選C項(xiàng)。4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段描述可知,Shelly-Ann在北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)獲得金牌后她那個(gè)充滿兇殺和暴力的家鄉(xiāng)也一下子安靜了好幾天。她說(shuō):我有很多能量為我的祖國(guó)去燃燒,由此推斷出她說(shuō)這句話的目的就是想為自己的國(guó)家做更多的貢獻(xiàn),故選B項(xiàng)。5.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)拳王阿里說(shuō)的話可知,冠軍不是產(chǎn)生于體育館,是產(chǎn)生于自己內(nèi)心的某種東西。要有渴望、有夢(mèng)想、有愿景。由此推斷出作者認(rèn)為做一件事的動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員達(dá)到巔峰。故選D項(xiàng)。6.A主旨大意題。本文主要講的是一位教練如何發(fā)現(xiàn)了Shelly-Ann并把她培養(yǎng)成世界冠軍的歷程。即一個(gè)偉大運(yùn)動(dòng)員的形成。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage5(2013江蘇,D)MarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain’snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain’smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(貧民窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jim’ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”Thereismuchmore.Twain’smysterynovelPudd’nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(低等的)towhites,especiallyinintelligence,Twain’stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster’sbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster’sbabyb