生物英文單詞

第二屆專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)文化藝術(shù)節(jié)之“我愛(ài)記單詞”詞庫(kù)Botany植物學(xué)Celltheory細(xì)胞學(xué)說(shuō)cellmembrane細(xì)胞膜nucleus細(xì)胞核Organelle細(xì)胞器cellwall細(xì)胞壁cytoplasm細(xì)胞質(zhì)protoplast原生質(zhì)體cellcycle細(xì)胞周期mitochondrion線(xiàn)粒體photosynthesis光合作用unitmembrane單位膜chloroplast葉綠體chlorophyll葉綠素xanthophyll葉黃素carotene胡蘿卜素golgiosome高爾基體ribosome核糖體lysosome溶酶體microfilament微絲nuclearfission核分裂reproduction繁殖primarywall初生壁secondarywall次生壁plasmodesma胞間連絲mitosis有絲分裂a(bǔ)mitosis無(wú)絲分裂meiosis減數(shù)分裂cytokinesis胞質(zhì)分裂interphase間期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue組織pistil雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination傳粉pollentube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合點(diǎn)受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis無(wú)融合生殖apogamy無(wú)配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis孤雌生殖apospory無(wú)孢子生殖pericarp果皮lifehistory生活史rootsystem根系mainroot主根lateralroot側(cè)根taprootsystem直根系fibrousrootsystem須根系cortex皮層vascularcylinder維管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylemray木射線(xiàn)vascularray維管射線(xiàn)phloemray韌皮射線(xiàn)rootcap根冠Casparianstrip凱氏帶primaryxylem初生木質(zhì)部primaryphloem初生韌皮部vascularray維管射線(xiàn)xylemray木射線(xiàn)phelloderm栓內(nèi)層phloemray韌皮射線(xiàn)embryo胚h(yuǎn)omologousorgan同源器官analogousorgan同功器官endosperm胚乳seedcoat種皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚軸cotyledon子葉dormancy休眠seedgermination種子萌發(fā)eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻類(lèi)blue-greenalgae藍(lán)藻trichogyne受精絲mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinoussheath膠質(zhì)鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexualcell異性細(xì)胞greenalgae綠藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy異配生殖anisogamy卵式生殖zygogamy接合生殖haploid單倍體diploid二倍體polyploid多倍體carposporophyte孢子體brownalgae褐藻sea-tangle海帶agar瓊脂fungi菌類(lèi)parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium頸卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子體gametophyte配子體protonema原絲體bryophyta苔蘚植物cruciferae十字花科vascularplants微管植物aquaticplant水生植物salicaceae楊柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmicreticulum內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)vegetativereproduction營(yíng)養(yǎng)繁殖intercellularlayer胞間層phellogen&corkcambium木栓形成層asexualreproduction無(wú)性繁殖sexualpropagation有性繁殖tetradynamousstamen四強(qiáng)雄蕊didynamousstamen二強(qiáng)雄蕊monodelphousstamen單體雄蕊diadelphousstamen二體雄蕊triadelphousstamen三體雄蕊polyadelphousstamens多體雄蕊synantherousstamen聚藥雄蕊primarywallcells初生壁細(xì)胞vegetativecell營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)胞malesterility雄性不育filiformapparatus絲狀器meristemzone分生區(qū)elongationzone伸長(zhǎng)區(qū)maturationzone成熟區(qū)embryophyte有胚植物specificparasitism專(zhuān)性寄生specificsaprophyte專(zhuān)性腐生facultativeparasitism兼性寄生facultativesaprophyte兼性腐生sexualgeneration有性世代asexualgeneration無(wú)性世代dominantlethal顯性致死carrier攜帶者h(yuǎn)omozygote純合體heterozygote雜合體genotype基因型phenotype表現(xiàn)型linkagegroup連鎖群interference干涉coincidence并發(fā)率geneticmap遺傳學(xué)圖wildtype野生型mutation突變heterokaryon異核體auxotroph營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺陷型strain菌株recipient受體donor供體fragment片段induction誘導(dǎo)prophage原噬菌體transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)Mendel’slaws孟德?tīng)柖蒷awofsegregation分離定律firstfilialgeneration子一代parentalgeneration親代dominantcharacter顯性性狀recessivecharacter隱性性狀hereditarydeterminant遺傳因子parentalcombination親組合recombination重組合punnettsquare棋盤(pán)法Mendeliancharacter孟德?tīng)栃誀頿rimaryconstriction初級(jí)縊痕secondaryconstriction次級(jí)縊痕nucleolarorganizer核仁形成區(qū)firstpolarbody第一極體secondpolarbody第二極體sisterchromatids姐妹染色單體femalegameticnucleus卵核multiplealleles復(fù)等位基因sex-chromosome性染色體sex-linkedinheritance伴性遺傳primaryconstriction初級(jí)縊痕secondaryconstriction次級(jí)縊痕complementarygene互補(bǔ)基因homologouschromosome同源染色體sisterchromatids姐妹染色單體secondaryoocyte次級(jí)卵母細(xì)胞three-pointtestcross三點(diǎn)測(cè)交primaryspermatocyte初級(jí)精母細(xì)胞secondaryspermatocyte次級(jí)精母細(xì)胞firstdivisionsegregation第一次分裂分離seconddivisionsegregation第二次分裂分離lawofindependentassortment自由組合定律Biochemistry生物化學(xué)essentialelement必需元素traceelements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖aminoacid氨基酸primarystructure一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)randomcoil無(wú)規(guī)卷曲structuraldomain結(jié)構(gòu)域subunit亞基degeneration變性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鳥(niǎo)嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside核苷nucleotide核苷酸basepairing堿基配對(duì)basepair堿基對(duì)數(shù)base堿基數(shù)gyrase旋轉(zhuǎn)酶nucleosome核小體complementaryDNA互補(bǔ)DNAplasmid質(zhì)粒transposons轉(zhuǎn)座子repetitivesequence重復(fù)序列exon外顯子intron內(nèi)含子variableloop可變環(huán)ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation復(fù)性hyperchromiceffect增色效應(yīng)basestackingforce堿基堆積力annealing退火melting-outtemperature熔解溫度hypochromiceffect減色效應(yīng)maltose麥芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纖維素cellulase纖維素酶selectivity選擇性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor輔因子coenzyme輔酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陳代謝assimilation同化作用catabolism異化作用metabolite代謝產(chǎn)物biologicaloxidation生物氧化cytochrome細(xì)胞色素rotenone魚(yú)藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycinA抗霉素Acyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate檸檬酸cis-aconitate順烏頭酸succinicacid琥珀酸oxaloaceticacid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰輔酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylatecycle乙醛酸循環(huán)malate蘋(píng)果酸fattyacid脂肪酸carbonunit一碳單位replicon復(fù)制子coreenzyme核心酶primosome引發(fā)體Okazakifragment岡崎片段leadingchain前導(dǎo)鏈laggingstrand后隨鏈terminator終止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replicationfork復(fù)制叉vector載體promoter啟動(dòng)子terminator終止子operon操縱子codon密碼子degeneracy簡(jiǎn)并性hormone激素citricacidcycle檸檬酸循環(huán)deamination脫氨基作用ureacycle尿素循環(huán)euchromatin常染色質(zhì)messengerRNA信使RNAtransferRNA轉(zhuǎn)移RNAribosomeRNA核糖體RNAmetabolicregulation代謝調(diào)節(jié)feedbackregulation反饋調(diào)節(jié)structuralgene結(jié)構(gòu)基因promotergene啟動(dòng)基因operatorgene操縱基因regulatorgene調(diào)節(jié)基因terminationfactor終止因子tripletcode三聯(lián)體密碼initiatorcodon起始密碼terminationcodon終止密碼semiconservativereplication半保留復(fù)制ornithinecycle鳥(niǎo)氨酸循環(huán)ketogenicaminoacid生酮氨基酸glucogenicaminoacid生糖氨基酸oxidativedeamination氧化脫氨作用transamination轉(zhuǎn)氨基作用reversetranscription逆轉(zhuǎn)錄decarboxylation脫羧作用semidiscontinuousreplication半不連續(xù)復(fù)制reversetranscriptase逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶missensemutation錯(cuò)義突變synonymousmutation同義突變neutralmutation中性突變nonsensemutation無(wú)義突變phosphatidicacid磷脂酸essentialaminoacids必需氨基酸dihydrouracilloop二氫尿嘧啶環(huán)anticodonloop反密碼子環(huán)double-strandcircularDNA雙鏈環(huán)形DNAsuperhelicalDNA超螺旋DNAopencircularDNA開(kāi)環(huán)DNAlinearDNA線(xiàn)形DNAbasestackingforce堿基堆積力secondarystructure二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)super-secondarystructure超二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)tertiarystructure三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)quaternarystructure四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)negativesupercoilDNA負(fù)超螺旋DNApositivesupercoilDNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸 glucogenicandketogenicaminoacid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restrictionendonuclease限制性?xún)?nèi)切酶polymerasechainreaction聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)Microbiology微生物學(xué)livingcreatures生物culturemedium培養(yǎng)基lawn菌苔cultureplate培養(yǎng)平板bacteria細(xì)菌archaea古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物protozoan原生動(dòng)物hypha菌絲mycoplasma支原體yeast酵母菌plasmolysis質(zhì)壁分離EscherichiaColi大腸桿菌murein胞壁質(zhì)peptidoglycan肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outermembrane外膜chromosome染色體nucleolus核仁nucleoid擬核chromatin染色質(zhì)centromere著絲粒telomere端粒protoplast原生質(zhì)體mycoplasma支原體glycoprotein糖蛋白mesosome間體cytoplasm細(xì)胞質(zhì)megnetosome磁小體nucleoid擬核glycocalyx糖被capsule莢膜flagellum鞭毛lysosome溶酶體chloroplast葉綠體thylakoid類(lèi)囊體inorganicsalt無(wú)機(jī)鹽peptone蛋白胨sulfurbacteria硫細(xì)菌beefextract牛肉膏vitamin維生素inclusionbody內(nèi)含物lithotroph無(wú)機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)型medium培養(yǎng)基agar瓊脂organotroph有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)型antiport逆向運(yùn)輸activetransport主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸pinocytosis胞飲作用catabolism分解代謝passivetransport被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸uniport單向運(yùn)輸anabolism合成代謝fermentation發(fā)酵batchculture分批培養(yǎng)logphase對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期stationaryphase穩(wěn)定生長(zhǎng)期lagphase遲緩期declinephase衰亡期aerobe好氧菌antibiotic抗生素antigenome反基因組transformation轉(zhuǎn)化genome基因組plasmid質(zhì)粒transformingfactor轉(zhuǎn)化因子diploid二倍體haploid單倍體transposableelement轉(zhuǎn)座因子conjugation接合作用transposon轉(zhuǎn)座子phenotype表型genotype基因型auxotroph營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺陷型wild-type野生型transition轉(zhuǎn)換transversion顛換spontaneousmutation自發(fā)突變r(jià)eversemutation回復(fù)突變sexduction性導(dǎo)transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)promoter啟動(dòng)子operon操縱子recombina