環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件

環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室的質(zhì)量控制環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室1第一節(jié)質(zhì)量保證的意義和內(nèi)容1、定義對監(jiān)測全過程進(jìn)行技術(shù)上、管理上的全面監(jiān)督,以保證監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確可靠。2、內(nèi)容監(jiān)測全過程:監(jiān)測計(jì)劃的制定;目的;監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目;采樣網(wǎng)絡(luò);采樣頻率;采樣時段;樣品的運(yùn)輸和保存;分析的方法;實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件儀器設(shè)備、器皿的選擇和校準(zhǔn)、試劑溶劑和基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)的選用、清潔度);人員培訓(xùn);數(shù)據(jù)處理和結(jié)果表達(dá)以及編寫有關(guān)的文件指南和手冊等。第一節(jié)質(zhì)量保證的意義和內(nèi)容23、為什么要進(jìn)行質(zhì)量保證?意義環(huán)境監(jiān)測對象成分復(fù)雜,且隨即多變,時間空間量級上分布廣泛,不易準(zhǔn)確測量,特別是在區(qū)域性、國際間大規(guī)模的環(huán)境調(diào)查中,常需要在同一時間內(nèi),由許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室同時參加,同步測定(例:測長江,黃浦江的水質(zhì)),這就需要各個實(shí)驗(yàn)室從采樣到結(jié)果所提供的數(shù)據(jù)有規(guī)定的準(zhǔn)確性和可比性,以及作出正確的結(jié)論。如果沒有一個科學(xué)的環(huán)境監(jiān)測質(zhì)量保證程序,由于人員的技術(shù)水平,儀器設(shè)備,地域等差異,難免出現(xiàn)調(diào)查資料互相矛盾,數(shù)據(jù)不能利用的現(xiàn)象,造成大量人力,物力和財力的浪費(fèi)。3、為什么要進(jìn)行質(zhì)量保證?意義34、質(zhì)量保證和質(zhì)量控制質(zhì)量保證是對監(jiān)測全過程進(jìn)行技術(shù),管理上的監(jiān)督,保證測試結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。控制質(zhì)量,保證數(shù)據(jù)的可靠可比性。提高分析的質(zhì)量還得靠操作技術(shù)質(zhì)量控制是質(zhì)量保證的一部分,它主要是對實(shí)驗(yàn)室的質(zhì)量、管理進(jìn)行監(jiān)督,包括①實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部質(zhì)量控制自我質(zhì)量控制的常規(guī)程序,反映分析質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性,包括空白試驗(yàn)、校準(zhǔn)曲線核查儀器設(shè)備定期標(biāo)定、平行樣分析、加標(biāo)樣分析、密碼樣品分析、質(zhì)量控制圖。②實(shí)驗(yàn)室外部質(zhì)量控制(實(shí)驗(yàn)室之間)—由常規(guī)監(jiān)測以外的中心監(jiān)測站或其他有經(jīng)驗(yàn)人來執(zhí)行。常用方法:分析標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品。4、質(zhì)量保證和質(zhì)量控制4第二節(jié)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測采樣質(zhì)量保證地表水監(jiān)測斷面的設(shè)置1.監(jiān)測斷面的設(shè)置原則應(yīng)在水質(zhì)、水量發(fā)生變化及水體不同用途的功能區(qū)處設(shè)置監(jiān)測斷面(1)大量廢水排入河流的居民區(qū)、工業(yè)區(qū)上下游(2)湖泊、水庫的主要出入口;(3)飲用水源區(qū)、水資源區(qū)域等功能區(qū);(4)入海河流的河口處、較大支流匯合口上游和匯合后與干流混合處;(5)國際河流出入國際線的出入口處;(6)盡可能與水文測量斷面重合。第二節(jié)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測采樣質(zhì)量保證5環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件6環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件7環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件8環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件9環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件10環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件11環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件12環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件13環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件14環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件15環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件16環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件17環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件18環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件19環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件20環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件21環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件22環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件23環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件24環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件25環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件26環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件27環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件28環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件29環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件30環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件31環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件32環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件33環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件34環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件35環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件36環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件37環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件38環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件39環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件40環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件41環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件42環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件43環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件44環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件45環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件46環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件47環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件48環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件49環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件50環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件51環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件52環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件53環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件54環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件55環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件56環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件57環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件58環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件59環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件60環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件61環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件62環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件63環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件64環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件65環(huán)境水質(zhì)監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn)室質(zhì)量控制課件66環(huán)境