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目錄一、問候和簡介WelcomeandIntroduction -3-二、交談語言TalkingaboutLanguages -3-三、天氣和環(huán)境WeatherandEnvironment -3-四、工程項目EngineeringProject -3-五、進度與籌劃PlanningandScheduling -3-六、技術資料和圖紙TechnicalDocumentsandDrawings -3-七、公用工程Utility -3-八、施工現場OnConstructionSite -3-九、設備檢查驗收InspectionoftheEquipment -3-十、土建工程CivilEngineering -3-十一、施工器械ConstructionMachinery -3-十二、慣用工具CommonTools -3-十三、工程材料EngineeringMaterial -3-十四、質量管理QualityControl -3-工程英語對話一、問候和簡介WelcomeandIntroductionWelcometoChina.歡迎你到中華人民共和國來。Welcometoourjobsite.歡迎你到咱們工地來。Iwishweshallhaveafriendlycooperationincomingdays.但愿此后和諧合伙。Allowmetointroducemyself,mynameis…請容許我簡介自己,我名字叫……Pleaseallowmetointroduceafellowofmine,Mr.___.請容許我給你簡介一位我同事,……先生。Iamamanager.(projectmanager,residentconstructionmanager,constructionsuperintendent,controllerstaffmember,engineer,technician,economist,supervisor,foreman,worker)我是經理。(項目經理、駐工地總代表、工地主任、管理員、職工、工程師、技術員、經濟員、檢查員、工長、工人)。Mytechnicalspecialtyiscivilengineering.(chemicalengineering,process,mechanicalequipment,electrical,instrumentation,piping,welding,furnacebuilding,corrosionprevention,thermal-insulation,heating-ventilation,qualitycontrol).我技術專業(yè)是土建工程。(化工工程、工藝、機械設備、電氣、儀表、管道、焊接、筑爐、防腐、保溫、采暖通風、質量管理)。Whatisyourspeciality?你專業(yè)是什么?Iamamechanician.(Electrician,pipelayer,welder,carpenter,turner,blacksmith,builder,erector,riveter,rigger,concreteworker,engine-driver,repairworker).我是一種機械工。(電工、管工、焊工、木工、車工、鐵工、建筑工人、安裝工人、鉚工、起重工、混凝土工、司機、維修工)。Whatisyournationality?AreyouAmerican?(English,Japanese,German,French,Italian,Romanian).你是什么國籍?你是美國人嗎?(英國人、日本人、德國人、法國人、意大利人、羅馬尼亞人)。Whichdepartmentdoyoubelongto?你在那家公司工作?Kindlygiveusyouradvice,please.請多指教。Thanksforyourdirection.感謝你指引。二、交談語言TalkingaboutLanguagesDoyouspeakEnglish?你能講英語嗎?Let’stalkinEnglish.讓咱們用英語交談吧!IcanspeakEnglishonlyalittle,doyouunderstandme?我只能說一點英語,你能聽懂嗎?Excuseme,sometimesImakemistakewhenIspeakEnglish.請原諒,我講英語有時會說錯。I’msorry.IcannotspeakEnglishverywell,butIcanreaddocumentinEnglish.我很抱歉,我英語說得不好,但我能看懂英文資料。PleasewritedowntheEnglishwordsofthisforus.請用英文字寫出來給咱們看。Icannotunderstandyou,sayitagain,please.我不懂你講,請再說一遍。DoyouknowhowweshouldexpresstheideainEnglish?你可懂得咱們應當如何用英文表達這個意思?Weshouldliketohaveaninterpreter,letuscallhim.咱們應當找一種翻譯來。DoyouspeakChinese?(CanyouwriteChinesecharacter?)你能講漢語嗎?你會寫中文嗎?PleasetellmehowtospelltheEnglishword.請告訴我如何拼讀這個英文字。Idonotunderstand,canyourepeatit?我不懂,你能重復一次嗎?Icannotcatchupwithyou.我沒聽明白。Icanfollowyou.我能聽懂你話。Lettheinterpretercontinue.讓翻譯接著講。PleaseputthesentenceintoChinese(English).請把這句子譯成漢語(英語)。三、天氣和環(huán)境WeatherandEnvironmentItisveryfinetoday,andtheweatherissuitableforourwork.今每天氣較好,適合咱們工作。Itisnotatallaniceday.Itwillgetcolder.天氣一點也不好,要變冷起來。Wecannotcontinuetheoutdoorwork,becauseitisraining(sleeting)now.由于當前下雨(雨雪),咱們不能繼續(xù)在室外工作。Itisgoingtosnow(hail)tomorrow,somemeasuresmustbetakentopreventfreezing.明天將下雪(冰雹),為防止冰凍必要采用某些辦法。Theliftingworkonsitewillbecompelledtostop,owingtothestrongwind.(adensefog).由于強風(濃霧),現場起重吊裝工作將被迫停止。Wehaveanap(interval)afterlunchinhotseason.熱天午餐后,咱們有一種午睡(中休)時間。Theweatheriswarm(cold)andsunny(cloudy)here.這里氣候溫和(寒冷),陽光充沛(陰天多云)。Whatistheweatherforecastfortoday?今每天氣預報如何?Theweathermansays,thehighesttemperatureduringthedaywillbetwentyonedegreescentigrade(21℃).天氣預報員說:今天白天最高氣溫為攝氏溫度二十一度。Thetemperaturewilldroptofiveabove(below)zerotonight.今晚溫度將降到零上(下)五度。Itisspring(summer,autumn,winter)timenow.現場是春天。(夏、
秋、
冬)Thisroadleadstothefactory.(PostOffice,TelegraphOffice,TelephoneBooth,TravelAgency,CustomHouse,Bank,Hotel,Restaurant,DepartmentStore,BookStore,Hospital,Theatre,Park).這條路通到工廠。(郵局、電報局、電話間、旅行社、海關、銀行、酒店、餐廳、百貨商店、書店、醫(yī)院、戲院、公園)。Thereisequipmentinfrontofthebuilding.(behindthewatertower,underthepiperack,onthefloor,insidethesteelstructure,intheworkshop).在建筑物前面(在水塔背面、在管廊下面、在地面上、在鋼構造里面、在車間內)有一臺設備。Itisabouttwenty-fivekilometers(miles)fromheretoLanzhou.這里離蘭州約二十五公里。(哩)Itisonlyashortway,turnleft(right)atthenextcrossstreet,andthengostraighton.離這里只有一小段路,到下一種十字路口向左(右)拐,然后始終向前走就到。ItisveryconvenientfromheretoShanghai.(Beijing,Tianjin,Guangzhou,Suzhou).這里到上海(北京、天津、廣州、蘇州)很以便。Youcangettherebytrain.(airplane,ship,
bus)你可以乘火車(飛機、輪船、公共汽車)去。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.如果明天下雨,工作就要延期幾天。Theclimatequiteagreeswithus.這氣候對咱們很適當。四、工程項目EngineeringProjectAprojectexecutionisusuallydividedintosomeelementaryphases,suchas:engineering,procurementandtransportation,andfieldconstruction.一種工程項目實行普通可分為幾種基本階段:工程設計、采購和運送、以及現場施工。ThecontractnumberofthisprojectisCJC78-8.這個項目合同號是CJC78-8。TheSeller(vendor)isToyoEngineeringCorporation(TEC)ofJapan.賣方(賣主)是日本東洋工程公司。(簡稱TEC)TheBuyer(customer,client)isChinaNationalTechnicalImportCorporation.(CNTIC)買方(主顧、顧客)是中華人民共和國技術進口總公司。(簡稱CNTIC)ChinaNationalChemicalConstructionCorporation(CNCCC)contractsfordomesticandoverseaschemicalprojects.中華人民共和國化工建設總公司(簡稱CNCCC)承包國內和海外化工工程。AreyoutheSeller’sRepresentativeonthejobsite?你是賣方現場代表嗎?IamtheBuyer’s
GeneralRepresentative.(GR)我是買方總代表。(簡稱GR)Itisaninquiry(commercialandtechnicalproposal,approval,agreement,protocol,annex,technicalappendix)aboutthisproject.這是這個項目詢價書。(商務和技術報價書、批準書、合同、會議記錄、附加條件、技術附件)Thereismuchinformationinthetechnicalproposal,whichincluding:processflow,processdescription,capacityoftheplant,performanceoftheproduct.技術報價書中有諸多資料,涉及:工藝流程、工藝闡明、生產能力、產品特性等。Theprojectteamnormallyconsistsofprojectengineer,designengineer,scheduleengineer,andvariousspecialists.項目工作組普通涉及有項目工程師、設計工程師、籌劃工程師、以及各類專家。Wecanevaluatetheresultsoffieldconstructionbyfourcriteria,whicharequality,time,costandsafety.咱們可以通過四個指標來評價現場施工成績,即質量、時間進度、費用和安全。Iamresponsibleforthetechnical(scheduling,inspection,qualitycontrol)workofthisproject.(area)我負責這個項目(區(qū)域)技術(技術、檢查、質量控制)工作。Wouldyoutellusthetechnicalcharacteristicaboutthisproject?你能告訴咱們關于這個工程項目技術特性嗎?Pleasegiveadescriptionaboutthisproject.請對這個工程項目作一種論述闡明。Doyouhaveanyreferencematerialsaboutthisproject?你關于于這個工程項目有參照資料嗎?五、進度與籌劃PlanningandSchedulingWeshouldworkaccordingtotheoverallschedulechart(theconstructiontimeschedule)oftheproject.咱們應當按照工程項目總進度表(建設進度表)工作。TheeffectivedateofthiscontractwillbeginfromDec.30th,.這個合同有效期將從12月30日開始。TheSellerwillprovidepreliminary(final)technicaldocumentsforBuyerinMay.賣方將于五月份向買方提供初步(最后)技術文獻。Thebasic(detailed)processdesignwillbeissuedbeforeAugust.基本(詳細)工藝設計資料將于八月前發(fā)出。Ourmajorplanningitemscontainestimatingofcostandconstructionschedule.咱們重要籌劃工作項目涉及費用預算和施工進度。Weshallhaveadesigncollecting(preliminarydesign,finaldesign)meetingnextmonth.下個月咱們將召開設計數據收集(初步設計、最后設計)會議。Fielderectionwork(civilwork)willbegininOctoberthisyearandcompleteonJunefirstnextyear.現場安裝工作(土建工作)將自今年十月開始至來年六月一日竣工。ThedateofacceptanceofthisplantwillbeAprilsixth,.這座工廠交工驗收期將在4月6日。TheSeller’soperatinggroup(Acrewofspecialists)willremainonthejobuntilguaranteesaremet.賣方操作組(專業(yè)工作組)將在現場,始終工作到生產符合保證條件。Wemusttaketheplantthroughthetestrunandfinallyintocommercialoperation.咱們必要使工廠通過試運轉并最后投入工業(yè)生產。Everymonthweshallestablishconstructionschedule.每月咱們都要制定建設進度籌劃。Weshallalsomaketheprojectschedulereporteveryday.咱們也將每天提出項目進度報告。Wearegoingtobeginthisworktomorrow.(Nextweek,nextmonth).咱們準備明天(下周、下月)開始這項工作。Wemusttakethisworkplanintoconsideration.咱們必要考慮這個工作籌劃。Wehavetochangeourplanforlackofmaterials(constructionmachinery,erectiontools)因缺少材料(施工機械、安裝工具),咱們只能變化籌劃。Whatisyoursuggestionaboutthisschedule?你對這個籌劃進度有何建議?Givemeyouropiniononthisplan.請把你對這個籌劃意見告訴我。六、技術資料和圖紙TechnicalDocumentsandDrawingsWecompletedthistaskaccordingtothedrawingnumberSD-76.咱們按照圖號SD-76圖紙完畢了這項工作。Accordingtothetechnicalstandard(norm,rulesofoperation),theerection(alignment,testing)workisnowgettingon.安裝(校準、實驗)工作正在依照技術原則(規(guī)范、操作規(guī)程)進行。Thisisaplotplan(generallayout,generalarrangement,detail,section,erection,flowsheet,PID,assembly,civil,electrical,controlandinstrumentation,projection,piping,isometric)drawing.這是一張平面布置(總平面、總布置、細部、剖面、安裝、流程、帶儀表控制點管道、裝配、土建、電氣、自控和儀表、投影、配管、空視)圖。Thatisageneral(front,rear,side,left,right,top,vertical,bottom,elevation,auxiliary,cut-away,birdseye)view.那是全視(前視、后視、側視、左視、右視、頂視、俯視、底視、立視、輔助、內部剖視、鳥瞰)圖。Howmanydrawingsarethereintheset?這套圖紙有幾張?Isthisacopyforreproduction?這是一份底圖嗎?Whatistheeditionofthisdrawing?這張圖紙是第幾版?Isthisdrawingineffect?這張圖紙有效嗎?Isthisarevisededition?這是修訂版嗎?Willittoberevisedyet?這張圖還要修訂嗎?Aretheresomemodifications(revisions)onthedrawing?這張圖上有些修改(修正)嗎?Theinformationtobeplacedineachtitleblockofadrawinginclude:drawingnumber,drawingsize,scale,weight,sheetnumberandnumberofsheets,drawingtitleandsignaturesofpersonspreparing,checkingandapprovingthedrawing.每張圖紙圖標欄內容涉及:圖號、圖紙尺寸、比例、重量、張?zhí)柡蛷垟怠D標、以及圖紙制圖、校對、批準人簽字。Therearevarioustypesoflinesonthedrawingsuchas:borderlines,visiblelines,invisiblelines,breaklines,phantomlines.圖上有各種形式線條,諸如:邊框線、實線、虛線、剖面線、中心線、引出線、尺寸線、斷裂線、假想線。Wehavenotreceivedthisdrawing,(instructionbook,operationmanual)pleasehelpustogetit.咱們尚未收到這張圖紙(闡明書、操作手冊),請協(xié)助咱們獲得。Pleasesendusfurtherinformationaboutthisitem.請將關于這個項目進一步資料送交咱們。Iwantadditionalinformationonthis.我需要這方面補充資料。Pleaseexplainthemeaningofthisabbreviation(mark,symbol)onthedrawing.請解釋圖上這個縮寫(標記、符號)意義。WecomplywithandcarryouttheGBstandard(ANSI,BS,AFNOR,JIS,andDIN)inthisproject.在這個工程中咱們遵守并執(zhí)行中華人民共和國國標GB。(美國原則、英國原則、法國原則、日本原則、聯(lián)邦德國原則)Pleasemakeasketchofthispartonthepaper.請將這個零件草圖畫在紙上。Thisisatranslatedinformation,itmaybenotquitesure.這是翻譯資料,也許不太確切。Itisamistakeintranslation.那是一種翻譯錯誤。Pleasegiveusacopyofthisinformation.(technicalspecification,instruction,manual,document,diagram,catalog)請給咱們一份這個資料(技術規(guī)程、闡明書、手冊、文獻、圖表、目錄樣本)復印本。Pleasesendusatechnicalliaisonletteraboutit.請給咱們一份關于此事技術聯(lián)系單。Aworkingdrawingmustbeclearandcomplete.工作圖必要簡要完整。Dataonequipmentcanbefoundintherelatedinformation.關于設備數據可從關于資料中找到。Haveyouanyideahowtousethemanufacturer’shandbook.你懂得如何使用這本廠家手冊嗎?七、公用工程UtilityPublicutilitiesarecarefullyregulatedhere.公用事業(yè)在這里受到仔細管理。Thepressuremaintainedinthewatermainistwokilogrampersquarecentimeter.自來水總管里水壓保持為2公斤/平方厘米。Thewaterhasbeentreated(softened),butitisnotdrinkablewater.這水通過解決(軟化),但不是飲用水。Thecommonservicevoltageofelectricpowerinourcountryis220/380volt.國內普通供電電壓為220/380伏。Thereisaswitchboard(controlpanel,distributionbox)mountedonthewall.在墻上裝有一種開關板(控制盤、配電箱)。Wehaveanemergency-standbyelectricgeneratorwithacapacityof300kilowatts.咱們有一臺三百千瓦事故備用發(fā)電機。Thesubstationequippedwithatransformerof500KVAisatthesouthoftheplant.在工程南邊有一座裝有五百千伏安變電器變電站。Thepressureofthecompressedairattheworksiteisabout7kg/cm2.工地用壓縮空氣氣壓約為7公斤/平方厘米。Thereisasteamheatingsystem(airconditioningsystem)inthework-shop.這車間里裝有一種蒸汽加熱系統(tǒng)(空氣調節(jié)系統(tǒng))。ThePostOfficeisinRenminStreet,itisopenfrom7.a.mtillmidnight.郵局在人民路,從上午7點始終開到半夜。Youcansendtheletterbyairmail(regularmail,registeredmail).你可以郵寄航空信(平信、掛號信)。Youmaytelephonemeatteno’clock,mytelephonenumberis4907(four–nine–0-seven).你可以在十點中給我打一種電話,我電話號碼是4907。Hereisthetelephonedirectory.這是電話號碼本。Thetelegraphic(cable,telex)addressoftheguesthouseis6080.招待所電報(海底電報、顧客電報)掛號是6080。Youmaycontactthereceptionistifyouwanttomakealongdistancecall(tomakeoverseascall,tosendaoverseastelegram).如果你要打長途電話(海外電話、國際電報),可以與服務員聯(lián)系。Thecargovessel(passengership)dockedatwharfnumber5yesterdayafternoon.貨船(客輪)昨天下午停泊在5號碼頭。Thereisafreeway(mainhighway)fromheretoNanjing.從這里到南京有一條高速公路(重要公路)。八、施工現場OnConstructionSiteWelcometoourconstructionsite.歡迎來到咱們工地。Itisverysimpleandcrudehere.Donotmind,please.這里很簡陋,別介意。Comein,please.
Bequick.
Justaminute,please.
Takecare.請進??煲稽c。請稍等。請小心。Iamasiteengineer(director,workshophead,chiefofsection,foreman,worker,staffmember).工地工程師(廠長、車間主任、班組長、領工、工人、職工)Mr.Wangisresponsibleforthistask.王先生負責這項工作任務。Hereisourengineeringoffice(drawingoffice,controlroom,laboratory,meetingroom,commonroom,restroom).這是咱們工程技術辦公室(繪圖室、調度室、實驗室、會議室、座談室、休息室)Ihavesomething(question)toaskofyou.我想向您請教幾種問題。Thanksforyourkindness.感謝費心!Theshiftwillstartathalfpastsevena.m.早班從7點半開始。Wehaveflexibleworkhoursduringthesummer.咱們在夏季工作時間有彈性。Payattentiontosafety!
注意安全。Putonyoursafetyhelmet,please.
請戴上安全帽!Danger!Lookout!Getoutoftheway.
危險!當心!快躲開!Hereisourpipeprefabricationworkshop(steelstructurefabricationshop,machineshop,boilerroom,aircompressorstation,concretemixingunit).這里是咱們管道預制車間(鋼構造制作廠、機械加工車間、鍋爐房、空氣壓縮機站、混凝土攪拌裝置)。Wouldyouliketoseethisprocess(machine)?你要看看這工藝辦法(機器)嗎?Wouldyouliketotalktothewelder(inspector)?你要和焊工(檢查員)談談嗎?Thefactory(workhop,equipment)producespipefittings(spareparts,fasteners).這工廠(車間、設備)生產管件(配件、緊固件)。Iamsorry,donottouchthis,please.很抱歉、請勿觸動!Smokingandlightingfiresarestrictlyforbiddenathere.這里禁止煙火。Lookatthesign,dangerkeepout.注意標牌,危險勿進。Thereisatemporaryfacilityforsitebrickwork.(woodwork,ironwork,paintwork)這是一種現場磚工(木工、鐵工、油工)暫時設施。Letmeshowyouaroundandmeetourworkers.讓我?guī)阕咭蝗?,并會見咱們工人。Wewouldliketoknowyouropinionaboutoursitework.咱們想聽取你對咱們現場工作意見。Itisnormal.
Itisclear.
Itiscorrect.
Itisallright.正常
清晰
對的
良好Sometrainingwillfitthemforthejob.通過某些訓練,她們就能勝任這項工作。Bytheendofthismonth,weshallhavecarriedoutourplan.到這個月底,咱們將已實現咱們籌劃。Allhasgonewellwithoursiteworkplan.一切均按照咱們現場工作籌劃進行。九、設備檢查驗收InspectionoftheEquipmentIbelievethatallthemachinestobeshippedhavebeenpre-assembled(inspected).我相信所有發(fā)運機器都曾通過預裝配(檢查)。Whereisthepackinglist(billoflading,billofmaterials)?裝箱單(提貨單、材料清單)在那里?Whatistheitemnumber(casenumber)ofthisequipment?這臺設備位號(箱號)是多少?Howmanycasesarethereinthepackageofthisequipment?這臺設備分幾箱包裝?Whatdoesthismark(symbol)mean?這個標志(符號)是什么意思?Alltheequipmentmustbefittedwithnameplates.所有設備都釘有銘牌。Firstofall,wemustcheckthedeliveryschedule(dateofdelivery)oftheequipment.一方面,咱們必要核查設備交貨籌劃(交貨日期)。Whataboutthemechanicalguaranteeoftheequipment?設備機械保證狀況如何?Wehaveplacedanorderforpumpswithafactory.咱們已向一家工廠定購泵機。WehaveplannedtofinishtheinspectionoftheequipmentbeforeSunday.咱們籌劃在星期天此前完畢設備檢查工作。ThisequipmentissuppliedbytheSeller(Buyer).這臺設備是賣方(買方)供應。Thisistheequipmentincompletedconditions,whichistheequipmentfabricatedatplantsite.這是整體設備,那是現場制作設備。ThisequipmentisshippedfromtheJapan(UnitedStatesofAmerica,England,France,Italy,FederalRepublicofGermany,andSingapore).這臺設備是從日本(美國、英國、法國、意大利、聯(lián)邦德國、新加坡)發(fā)運過來。Theequipmentisdeliveredtoherebysea(airrailway,road).這臺設備是通過海運(空運、鐵路、公路)發(fā)貨到此。TheportofdestinationisHsingkang(Shanghai,Whampoa,Kwangchow,Tsingtao).到達港是新港(上海、黃埔、廣州、青島)。Theover-sizedequipmentwhichisover3.4minwidth,3.1minheight,18minlengthand50tonsinweight.超限設備限度為超過寬3.4米、高3.1米、長18米和重量50噸。Pleasepayattentiontothefollowingmarksonthepackage:請注意包裝箱上下列標志:Userollers
使用滾杠移
Heavehere從此提起Handlewithcare小心裝卸
Top上部Bottom
底部
Inflammable易燃Fragile易碎
Donotcast勿擲Keepupright勿倒置
Keepinacold(dry)place存于冷(干)處Tobeprotectedfromcold(heat)
怕冷(熱)Howmuchdoesthisequipmentweigh?這臺設備多重?Thegross(net)weightofthiscaseisfourteentons(pounds).這箱毛(凈)重14噸(磅)。Letuscheckthequantityoftheparts(accessories)accordingtothepackinglist(shippinglist).讓咱們依照裝箱單(發(fā)貨清單)來核查零件(附件)數量。Shallwecheckitagain(oncemore)?咱們再檢查一次(再查一遍)好嗎?Ithasbeendamaged(rusted)here.Letustakeapicture(photograph).此處已經損壞(銹蝕),咱們來照個相。Thepackaginghastobeimproved.這個包裝必要改進。Weshouldrecordwhatthedamageandlackofparts.咱們應當把損壞和缺件狀況作個記錄。Wemustavoidsofaraspossiblethedamageofequipmentduringstorage.咱們必要盡量避免設備在儲存期間損壞。Pleasesignyournametothechecklist.請你在檢查單上簽個字。Yoursidemustcompensateusforourloss.你方必要補償咱們損失。Wemustpackthesparepartsintoanotherbox..咱們應當將備件另行裝箱。AlloftheequipmentismadeinChina.所有設備都是中華人民共和國制造。十、土建工程CivilEngineeringAllofthecivilworkonthefieldwillbeexecutedbyus(ourcompany).所有現場土建工作都將由咱們(我公司)承擔實行。Civilengineeringdesignisperformedonourownathome.土建工程是依照賣方提供技術條件設計。Thisisaworking(plotplan,verticallayout,structureplan,floorplan,generalplan)drawing.這是施工(平面布置、豎向布置、構造、屋間平面、總)圖。Thequalityofcivilengineeringconformstoourdomestictechnicalstandard(ChinaNationalBuildingCode).土建工程質量符合咱們國內技術原則(中華人民共和國建筑法規(guī))。Ourcivilworkincludesconstructionofroads,buildings,foundationsandreinforcedconcretestructure.咱們土建工作涉及建造道路、建筑物、基本和鋼筋混凝土構造。Itwilltaketwoweekstocompletethisbuilding(foundation).這房子(基本)需要兩周時間才干完畢。Sand,brick,andstonearegenerallyusedinconstructinghouses.砂、磚和石頭通慣用于建造房屋。Thesearetheanchorbolts(rivets,unfinishedbolts,high-strengthstructuralbolts)forthestructure.這是用于構造錨定螺栓(鉚釘、粗制螺栓、高強度構造用螺栓)。Theholesofanchorboltswillbegroutedwithnormal(Portland,non-shrinkage)cementmortar.這些地腳螺孔將灌入普通(波特蘭,無收縮)水泥砂漿。Weusuallymeasurethestrengthofconcreteat28daysafterwhichhasbeencast.咱們普通在混凝土灌注后28天測定其強度。Theaveragecompressivestrengthofsamplesis500kg/cm2.試樣平均抗壓強度為500公斤/平方厘米Ourconcretematerialismixedinarotating-drumbatchmixeratthejobsite.咱們用混凝土是在現場間歇式轉筒攪拌機中攪拌。Qualityofconcretedependsonproperplacing,finishing,andcuring.混凝土質量取決于恰當灌注、抹光和養(yǎng)護。Theworkerstendtostartthefinalfinishingnow.工人們當前打算開始最后抹光作業(yè)。Theconcretecanbemadestrongerbypre-stressinginourfactory.在咱們廠里可以使混凝土通過預加應力得到增強。Mostofconstructionmaterialcanbetestedinourlaboratory.咱們實驗室可以檢查大某些建筑材料。Weshallfinishthecivilworkbytheendoftheyear.在年終前咱們將完畢土建工作。十一、施工器械ConstructionMachineryWehaveallkindsofconstructionmachineryonthejobsite.咱們有各種施工機械在現場。Thetruckcrane(gantrycrane,towercrane,mobileslewingcrane,bridgecrane,crawlercrane)canliftaweightof15tons.這臺汽車起重機(龍門吊、塔式吊、懸臂汽車吊、橋式吊、履帶式起重機)能吊起15噸重物。Thehoistingcapacityofthatginpole(girderpole,guyderrick)issixtytons.那個起重抱桿(格狀抱桿、轉盤抱桿)起重能力為60噸。Thisisamotorhoist(winch)withlow(high)wrappingspeed.這是低(高)速電動卷揚機(絞盤)。Whatisthehorsepower(H.P)ofthisengine(tractor,excavator,bulldozer,motorscraper,roller)?這臺發(fā)動機(拖拉機、挖掘機、推土機、自行鏟運機、壓路機)馬力是多少?Weusedtoweldpipeswithdirectcurrent(D.C)arewelder(alternatingcurrentA.C.welder).咱們總是用直流(交流)電弧焊機焊接管子。Theconcretemixer(concretetruckmixer,concretevibrator,concretebatchplant)madebyHua-DongWorksaresteadyinqualityandreliableinperformance.華東工廠生產混凝土攪拌機(攪拌車、混凝土振動器、混凝土攪拌站)質量穩(wěn)定、性能可靠。Loaders,forkliftsandaircompressorsareheavyconstructionmachinery.裝載機、叉車和空氣壓縮機都是重型施工機械。Wemuststudytheinstructionbeforeoperationthepipebender(handpump,hydraulictestingpump).在操作彎管機(手壓泵、液壓試壓泵)之前,咱們必要先學習闡明書。Thethicknessofthesteelplatehandledbythisrollermill(shearmachine)is25millimeters.這臺滾壓機(剪切機)加工鋼板厚度可達25毫米。Thislathe(milling,boring,grinding,drilling,gearcutting,planer)machineisofhomemanufacture.這臺車床(銑床、鏜床、磨床、鉆床、切齒機、刨床)是咱們國內制造。Allmachinerymustbelubricatedperiodicallyaccordingtothelubricationchart.所有機械都必要依照潤滑圖表定期加油。Tomaintainitsefficiency,themachineryneedsaregularservice(check-over,repairing,overhaul).這臺機械需要進行一次定期保養(yǎng)(全面檢查、修理、大修),以維持其工作效率。ThismachineryismadeinChina(GreatBritain,USA,Canada,Italy,Holland,Japan,Korea,FederalGermany,DemocraticGermany,France,Romania,Bulgaria,Poland,Czechoslovakia,Yugoslavia,Hungary,SovietUnion,Swiss,andSweden).這臺機械是中華人民共和國(英國、美國、加拿大、意大利、荷蘭、日本、朝鮮、聯(lián)邦德國、民主德國、法國、羅馬尼亞、保加利亞、波蘭、捷克斯洛伐克、南斯拉夫、匈牙利、蘇聯(lián)、瑞士、瑞典)制造。Tellmeabouttheoperationofthemachine.請告訴我如何操作這臺機器。Bearingsmustbelubricatedperiodically.軸承必要定期潤滑。Needwemakeanyadjustmentofthismachine?咱們有必要調節(jié)這臺機器嗎?十二、慣用工具CommonToolsTherearemanytoolsinmytoolstorageunit(toolchest,toolbox).我工具柜(工具盒、工具箱)里面有諸多工具。Getmeahammer(hacksaw,file,scraper,chisel,socket,wrench,hookspanner,adjustablewrench,pipewrench,ratchetwrench,openendwrench,screwdriver,handvice,pliers,pocketknife).給我拿一把手錘(鋼鋸、銼刀、刮刀、鑿子、套筒扳手、鉤扳手、活動扳手、管扳手、棘輪扳手、開口扳手、螺絲刀、手鉗、扁嘴鉗、小刀)。Straightedgerule(squarerule,slidegauge,insideandoutsidemicrometer,steeltape,feeler,dialgauge,depthmicrometer,wiregage,radiusgage,threadpitchgage)isakindofcommonmeasuringtool.直尺(角尺、游標卡尺、內徑和外徑千分尺、鋼卷尺、塞尺、千分表、深度千分尺、線規(guī)、半徑規(guī)、螺距規(guī))是一種慣用量具。Theprecisionofthisfitterlevel(cross-testlevel)is0.02mm/M.這個鉗工水平儀(框架式水平儀)精度為0.02毫米/米。Wehavegottheinstrument(pressuregauge,thermometer,tachometer,currentmeter,universalmeter)readyfortheexperiment(test).咱們已經準備好做實驗(實驗)儀器(壓力表、溫度計、轉速計、電流表、萬用表)。Thatisanair(electric)poweredgrinder(portablegrinder,anglegrinder,straightgrinder,drill,impactwrench,rivetinghammer,hammerdrill).那是一種氣(電)動砂輪機(手持砂輪機、角型砂輪、直型砂輪、鉆機、沖擊扳手、鉚釘錘、錘鉆機)。Ourelectricaltoolsaredoubleinsulatedandapprovedtointernationalsafetystandards.咱們電動工具都是雙重絕緣,并符合國際安全原則。Hydraulicpumpisthepowerunitofthehydraulicpuller(hydraulicpress,hydraulicpipebender,hydraulicjack).油壓泵是油壓拉出器(油壓機、油壓彎管機、油壓千斤頂)動力裝置。Awelder’skitcontainselectrodeholder,weldingtorch,helmetshield,portableelectrodeheatingboxandtemperaturemeasuringpen.一名焊工成套工具涉及焊鉗、焊炬、面罩、手提式焊條加熱箱和測溫筆。Thediameterofthiswirerope(hemprope,sling)isthree-fourthinches(3/4”).這鋼絲繩(麻繩、吊索)直徑為3/4英寸。Theliftingcapacityofthischainhoist(hydraulicjack,screwjack)is5tons.這個吊鏈(油壓千斤頂、螺旋千斤頂)起重能力為5噸。Thevise(parallel-jawvice)isavailabletoallofthebenchwork.所有鉗工工作都可使用臺鉗(平口鉗)。Greasegunandoilerarethelubricationservicetoolsformachinery.油槍和注油器都是機械潤滑維護工具。Torquewrenchesoffertheprecisionmeasurementneededtotightenfasteners.力矩扳手可以提供禁錮螺栓所需精準力矩計量。Themeasuringunitoftorquewrenchispound-inchorkilogram-centimeter.力矩扳手計量單位為鎊-寸或者公斤-厘米。Isthemachineaccompaniedwithsometools(spareparts,accessories)?這臺機器隨機帶有某些工具(備件、附件)嗎?Shallweuseaspecialtoolforthisjob?咱們干這活要使用專用工具嗎?Couldyoutellushowtouse(operate,repair,maintain,clean,adjust)thisnewtool?你能告訴咱們如何使用(操作、修理、維護、清理、調節(jié))這個新工具嗎?Thetoolgetsoutoforder,andwemustremedyitstrouble.這工具備毛病,咱們必要排除它故障。Thetoolisoutofrepair,itneedsanoverhaul.這工具失修,需要拆修。FromyourexplanationIshalleasilyhandleit.聽了你闡明,我將易于操縱它。Thetoolsmustbewellkept.工具必要妥善保管。十三、工程材料EngineeringMaterialTherearesomematerialwarehouses(storeyards)ontheconstructionsite.在工地上有某些材料倉庫(堆場)。Ourstoreofficerisresponsibleforthewarehousingandissuingofmaterials.咱們倉庫管理員負責保管和發(fā)放材料。WeuseScientific-managementsystemformaterialshortageanditscontrol.咱們應用科學管理體系解決材料短缺及其調節(jié)。Thesematerialsareimportedfromabroad(suppliedbytheSeller).這些材料是從國外進口(賣方供應)。Whatisthefeatureaboutit?這些材料特性是什么?Theconstructionmaterialanswersourpurposesatisfactorily.這種建筑材料能滿足咱們需要。Theaveragetrafficfuel(gasoline)consumptionofthislorryis0.3literperkilometer(l/km).這臺貨車平均行車柴油(汽油)耗量為每公里0.3公升。Hydraulicoil(lubricationoil)whichhavingaviscosityofabout4.5°Eat50℃canbeusedforthisvehicle(machine).具備恩氏粘度4.5°E(50℃)液壓油(潤滑油)可用于此車輛(機器)。Thisspecialoilcomesfromthe“SHELL”company(CALTEX,MOCBIL,GULF,ESSO,CASTROL,BP).這種特種油來自“殼牌”公司(加德士、飛馬、海灣、埃索、卡斯特羅、英國石油公司)。Cementsteelandtimberarethemostimportantconstructionmaterialsusedincivilengineering.水泥、鋼材和木材是土建工程中最重要建筑材料。Typicalstructuralsteelshapesincludebeams,channels,anglesandtees.典型構造型鋼涉及工字鋼、槽鋼、角鋼和丁字鋼。Therearefourbroadclassificationsofsteel:carbonsteels,alloysteels,high-strengthlow-alloysteelsandstainlesssteels.鋼材大體辭可分為四類,即:碳素鋼、合金鋼、高強度低合金鋼和不銹鋼。Copper,zinc,lead,aluminum,bronzeandbrassarenonferrousmetalsoralloys.銅、鋅、鉛、鋁、青銅和黃銅都是有色金屬或合金。Thisalloyismainlycomposedofelementchromiumandnickel(titanium,vanadium,manganese).這種合金重要由元素鉻和鎳(鈦、鋇、錳)構成。Thestandards“GB”and“YB”providethemethodoftestingformaterialsinourcountryjustlikethestandardASTMinAmerica.在咱們GB(國標)和YB(冶標)規(guī)定材料實驗辦法,正如美國ASTM原則同樣。Wehaveasbestos(rubber,plastic,glass,paint)productsofallkinds.咱們有各種石棉(橡膠、塑料、玻璃、油漆)制品。Bolt(screw,nut,stud,springwasher,pin,ballbearing,rollerbearing)isthemostcommonlyusedmachinepart.螺栓(螺釘、螺帽、雙頭螺栓、彈簧墊圈、銷、滾珠軸承、滾柱軸承)是最慣用機械零件。Castironcannotcomparewithsteelintensilestrength.鑄鐵在抗拉強度上比不上鋼。Erectionoftheequipmentwillbecarriedoutaccordingtothespecificationsanddrawings.設備安裝將按照闡明書和圖紙進行。AllsiteerectionworkswillbeperformedbytheBuyerunderthetechnicalinstructionoftheSeller.所有現場安裝工作都應在賣方技術指引下由買方完畢。Theconstructioncompanyisfullyinchargeoftheadministrationofallerectionwork.建設公司完全負責所有安裝工程行政管理。Ourcompanycoverallconstructionactivities,thatis:piling,civilengineering,mechanicalerection,piping,electrical,instrumentation,paintingandinsulationwork.咱們公司涉及所有施工活動,涉及:打樁、土建工程、機械安裝、配管、電氣、儀表、油漆和保溫絕緣工作。Whatisthefeatureofthiscracker(crackingfurnace,heatingfurnace,reactor,mixer,centrifuge,belt-conveyer)?這臺裂解器(裂解爐、加熱爐、反映器、攪拌器、離心機、皮帶輸送機)特點是什么?Thesphericaltank(gasholder,container)willbeshippedintheconditionofedgepreparedandbentplates.球罐(氣柜、容器)將以板加工和彎板條件發(fā)貨。Ithinkthattheon-sitetrainingwillbenecessaryforthetank.我想槽罐焊接工作現場培訓是必要。Thecooler(condenser,separator,boiler,generator,scrubber,stripper,heatexchanger)isapressurevessel.Itissubjecttothepressurevesselcode.這臺冷卻器是一種壓力容器,它必要服從壓力容器法規(guī)。(冷凝器、分離器、鍋爐、發(fā)生器、洗滌器、汽提器、熱互換器)Thepressurevesselmustbeinspectedbyourauthoritativeorganization-AdministrationofLabor.壓力容器必要接受咱們權威機構勞動總局監(jiān)察。Thenewreciprocating(centrifugal,opposed-balanced)compressorwillbeinstallednextweek.\下周將安裝這臺新往復式(離心式、對置平衡式)壓縮機。Thedistillingcolumn(absorber,columnevaporator,regenerator,columnwasher)isakindofequipmentforoutdoorinstallation.蒸餾塔(吸取塔、蒸發(fā)柱、再生塔、洗滌塔)是一種室外安裝設備。TheTG70steamturbinehasaoperationspeedof9600rotationsperminute(RPM).TG70型蒸汽透平運轉速度為每分鐘9600轉。Whatdoyouthinkofthiserectionwork?你看這項安裝工作如何?Thislow(middle,high)pressureblo
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