2015大學(xué)英語四級閱讀練習(xí)題及答案解析

2015大學(xué)英語四級閱讀練習(xí)題及答案解析(3)Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson''sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson''strueabilityandaptitude.Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn''tmatterthatyouweren''tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon''tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof''drop-outs'':youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge''sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer''s.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson''strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:''Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.''Themainideaofthispassageis examinationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducation.examinationsareineffective.examinationsareprofitableforinstitutions.examinationsareaburdenonstudents.Theauthor''sattitudetowardexaminationsis detest.approval.critical.indifferent.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby education.institutions.examinations.studentsthemselves.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis toencouragestudentstoreadwidely.totrainstudentstothinkontheirown.toteachstudentshowtotackleexams.tomasterhisfate.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt? Giveanexample.Forcomparison.Itshowsthatteachers''evolutionsdependontheresultsofexaminations.Itshowstheresultsofcourtismoreeffectise.Vocabularyknack竅門，訣竅embark乘船，登記writeoff勾銷，注銷。確認(rèn)某食物已損失或無效syllabus教學(xué)大綱cram塞入，把某物塞進(jìn)，突擊式學(xué)習(xí)（尤指應(yīng)考），以注入方式教人duress威脅，逼迫stack堆，垛scrawl寫/畫（的內(nèi)容不工整，不仔細(xì)）潦草的筆跡，七扭八歪的字script講稿，劇本，腳本，筆試答卷cynical憤世嫉俗的，自私得為人不齒的boildown熬濃，濃縮，歸納難句譯注Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.【參考譯文】盡管所有那些虔誠的說法說考試能測定你所知道的東西，但其結(jié)果常常是適得其反，這是眾所周之的常識。Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】secondtonone固定搭配，義：不亞于任何人或事物?！緟⒖甲g文】（測）考試作為憂慮的制造者，真是出類拔萃。inducecramming誘人采用突擊式學(xué)習(xí)方式。Cram盡力塞入，應(yīng)試突擊學(xué)習(xí)。EX:cramforachemistrytest.為應(yīng)付化學(xué)考試而臨時(shí)抱佛腳。Crampupils以填鴨式教學(xué)生。Yetyouhavetomarkstac