水輪發(fā)電機術(shù)語

2一般術(shù)語水力機械hydraulicmachinery水輪機hydraulicturbine蓄能泵storagepump水泵水輪機reversibleturbine,pump-turbine旋轉(zhuǎn)方向directionofrotation機組unit立式、臥式和傾斜式機組vertical,horizontalandinclinedunit可調(diào)式水力機械regulatedhydraulicmachinery不可調(diào)式水力機械non-regulatedhydraulicmachinery主閥mainvalve3.1水輪機反擊式水輪機reactionturbine混流式水輪機Francisturbine，mixed-flowturbine3.1.3軸流式水輪機axialturbine軸流轉(zhuǎn)槳式水輪機Kaplanturbine，axial-flowadjustablebladpropellerturbine3.1.5軸流調(diào)槳式水輪機Thomaturbine3.1.6軸流定槳式水輪機Propellerturbine3.1.7貫流式水輪機tubularturbine，throughflowturbine3.1.8 燈泡式水輪機bulbturbine3.1.9豎井貫流式水輪機pitturbine全貫流式水輪機straightflowturbine,rim-generatorunit軸伸貫流式水輪機（S形水輪機）tubularturbine（S—typeturbine）斜流式水輪機diagonalturbine3.1.13斜流轉(zhuǎn)槳式水輪機Deriazturbine斜流定槳式水輪機fixedbladeofDeriazturbine沖擊式水輪機impulsturbine,actionturbine水斗式水輪機Peltonturbine,scoopturbine斜擊式水輪機inclinedjetturbine雙擊式水輪機cross-flowturbine3.2蓄能泵混流式（離心式）蓄能泵centrifugalstoragepump,mixed-flowstoragepump軸流式蓄能泵propellerstoragepump,axialstoragepump斜流式蓄能泵diagonalstoragepump多級式蓄能泵multi-stagestoragepump3.3水泵水輪機（又稱可逆式水輪機）單級水泵水輪機singalstagepump-turbine多級水泵水輪機multi-stagepump-turbine3.4主閥與閥門蝴蝶閥butterflyvalve平板蝶閥biplanebutterflyvalve,throughflowbutterflyvalve圓筒閥cylindricalvalve,ringgate球閥rotaryvalve,sphericalvalve盤形閥mushroomvalve,hollow-conevalve,howell-Bungervalve針形閥needlevalve旁通閥by-passvalve3.4.8直空破壞閥vacuumbreakvalve4結(jié)構(gòu)部件4.1混流式水輪機埋入部件embeddedcomponent引水室 （turbine）flume蝸殼spiralcase座環(huán)stayring固定導(dǎo)葉stayvane蝸殼鼻端spiralcasenose基礎(chǔ)環(huán)foundationring,dischargering尾水管drafttube錐形尾水管conicaldrafttube肘形尾水管elbowdrafttube尾水管錐管drafttubecone尾水管肘管drafttubeelbow尾水管擴散段drafttubeoutletpart尾水管支墩drafttubepier尾水管里襯drafttubeliner機坑里襯pitliner導(dǎo)水機構(gòu)distributor頂蓋headcover,topcover底環(huán)bottomring,bottomcover導(dǎo)葉guidevane，wicketgate控制環(huán)regulatingring，operatingring導(dǎo)葉臂guidevanelever，wicketgatelever分半鍵splitkey導(dǎo)葉連桿guidevanelink，wicketgatelink導(dǎo)葉過載保護裝置guidevaneoverloadprotectiondevice剪斷銷shearpin摩擦裝置frictiondevice導(dǎo)葉軸承g(shù)uidevanebearing導(dǎo)葉止推軸承g(shù)uidevanethrustbearing導(dǎo)葉軸密封guidevanestemseal導(dǎo)葉端面密封guidevaneendseal導(dǎo)葉立面密封guidevaneseal抗磨板facingplates,wearplates導(dǎo)葉限位塊guidevanestopblock導(dǎo)葉接力器guidevaneservomotor單導(dǎo)葉接力器individualguidevaneservomotor推拉桿pushandpullrod，connectingrod調(diào)速軸regulatingshaft均壓管balancepipe轉(zhuǎn)動部件rotatingcomponent轉(zhuǎn)輪runner葉片blade上冠crown下環(huán)band泄水錐runnercone4.1.46轉(zhuǎn)輪密封裝置runnerseal4.1.47轉(zhuǎn)輪止漏環(huán)runnerwearingring固定止漏環(huán)stationarywearingring轉(zhuǎn)輪減壓板decompressionplate主軸mainshaft導(dǎo)軸承g(shù)uidebearing軸領(lǐng)guidebearingcollar軸瓦guidebearingshoe軸承體guidebearinghousing主軸密封裝置mainshaftseal檢修密封standstillseal聯(lián)軸螺栓couplingbolt4.2軸流式水輪機和斜流式水輪機。4.2.1轉(zhuǎn)輪室runnerchamber4.2.2內(nèi)頂蓋（支持蓋）innerheadcover，innertopcover4.2.3轉(zhuǎn)輪體runnerhub轉(zhuǎn)葉機構(gòu)mechanismofrunnerblade4.2.5葉片樞軸runnerbladetrunnion轉(zhuǎn)臂（導(dǎo)葉臂）rockerarm操作架crosshead4.2.9轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器runnerbladeservomotor協(xié)聯(lián)裝置combinationdevice受油器oilhead4.5蓄能泵吸水管suctiontube葉輪impeller輪葉impellerblade，impellervane葉輪后蓋impellerbackshroud葉輪前蓋impellerfrontshroud蝸室spiralhousing擴散管diffuser5性能參數(shù)5.1比能比能specificenergy單位質(zhì)量流體所具有的機械能，是位置比能、壓力比能和速度比能的總和。位置比能potentialenergy壓力比能pressureenergy速度比能velocityenergy位置水頭potentialhead壓力水頭pressurehead速度水頭velocityhead5.2.4總水頭head毛水頭grosshead凈水頭nethead額定水頭ratedhead設(shè)計水頭designhead最大（最?。┧^maximum（minimum）head加權(quán)平均水頭weightedaveragehead蓄能泵揚程storagepumphead蓄能泵零流量揚程no-dischargeheadofstoragepump蓄能泵最大（最?。P程maximum（minimum）headofstoragepump5.3流量水輪機流量turbinedischarge，turbineflowrate蓄能泵流量storagepumpdischarge，storagepumpflowrate額定流量rateddischarge水輪機空載流量no-loaddischargeofturbine蓄能泵最大（最小）流量maximum（minmum）storagepumpdischarge5.4轉(zhuǎn)速額定轉(zhuǎn)速ratedspeed水輪機飛逸轉(zhuǎn)速runawayspeedofsurbine5.4.3蓄能泵［水泵水輪機的泵工況］反向飛逸轉(zhuǎn)速reverserunawayspeedofstoragepump5.5壓力5.5.1表計壓力（簡稱為壓力）gaugepressure環(huán)境壓力（或大氣壓）atmpsphericpressure絕對壓力absolutepressure汽化壓力vapourpressure5.6功率水輪機輸入功率turbineinputpower水輪機輸出功率turbineoutputpower水輪機額定輸出功率ratedoutputpowerofturbine蓄能泵的輸出功率storagepumpoutputpower蓄能泵的輸入功率storagepumpinputpower蓄能泵最大輸入功率ratedinputpowerofstoragepump蓄能泵零流量功率no-dischargeinputpowerofstoragepump5.6.8蓄能泵最小輸入功率minimuminputpowerofstoragepump轉(zhuǎn)輪輸出功率outputpowerofrunner葉輪輸入功率inputpowerofimpeller轉(zhuǎn)輪輸入功率inputpowerofrunner葉輪輸出功率outputpowerofimpeller5.7效率效率efficiency水輪機機械效率mechanicalefficiencyofturbine蓄能泵機械效率mechanicalefficiencyofstoragepump水輪機水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofturbine蓄能泵水力效率hydraulicefficiencyofstoragepump相對效率relativeefficiency加權(quán)(算術(shù))平均效率weighted(arithmetic)averageefficiency積分平均效率planimetricaverageefficiency5.8空化和空蝕空化cavitation空蝕cavitationerosion水輪機空化系數(shù)cavitationfactorofturbine，cavitationcoefficientofturbine蓄能泵空化系數(shù)cavitationfactorofstoragepump，cavitationcoefficientofstoragepump臨界空化系數(shù)criticalcavitationfactor初生空化系數(shù)incipientcavitationfactor,cavitationinceptionfactor,initialcavitationfactor電站空化系數(shù)plantcavitationfactor吸出高度staticsuctionofturbine吸入高度staticsuctionofstoragepump蓄能泵吸入揚程損失suctionheadlossofstoragepump蓄能泵空化余量（NPSH）（蓄能泵凈吸上揚程）netpositivesuctionheadofstoragepump安裝高程settingelevation空化裕量cavitationmargin5.9暫態(tài)過程過渡過程transient調(diào)節(jié)保證regulatingguarantee水錘waterhammer初始壓力initialpressure5.9.5水輪機最大瞬態(tài)壓力maximummomentarypressureofturbine瞬態(tài)壓力變化率momentarypressurevariationratio初始轉(zhuǎn)速initialspeed水輪機最大瞬態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)速maximummomentaryoverspeedofturbine5.9.9蓄能泵[水泵水輪機的泵工況]的最大瞬態(tài)反向轉(zhuǎn)速momentarycounterrotationspeedofstoragepump[pump-conditionofpump-turbine]5.9.10瞬態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)速變化率momentaryspeedvariationratio6滲道參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)輪(葉輪)公稱直徑runner(impeller)diameter葉片開口bladeopening葉片正(背)面pressure(suction)sideofblade葉片進(出)水邊leading(trailing)edge葉片轉(zhuǎn)角bladerotatingangle葉片傾角bladetiltangle6.7葉片安放角bladeangle6.8蝸殼包角noseangle6.9導(dǎo)葉高度guidevaneheight肘形尾水管深度depthofelbowdrafttube節(jié)圓直徑pitchdiameter射流直徑j(luò)etdiameter6.16射流直徑比jetratio6.17射流入射角jetinclinedangle6.18射流橢圓ellipsedofinclinedjet(whenreachingthewheelvane)7.1試驗類型原型（機）prototype模型（機）model驗收試驗acceptancetest裝配試驗assemblytest模型試驗modeltest性能試驗performancetest特性試驗characteristictest飛逸試驗runawayspeedtest力特性試驗forcecharacteristictest負載試驗loadtest甩負荷試驗loadrejectiontest耐壓試驗pressuretest效率試驗efficiencytest空化試驗cavitationtest壓力脈動試驗pressurefluctuationtest7.1.16補氣試驗airadmissiontest7.1.17水輪機功率試驗turbineoutputtest7.2運行工況（運行）工況operatingcondition最優(yōu)工況optimumoperatingcondition飛逸工況runawayspeedoper