《基礎(chǔ)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)Ⅱ》課程實(shí)驗(yàn)報告

《基礎(chǔ)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)Ⅱ》課程實(shí)驗(yàn)報告學(xué)院：理工院專業(yè)：光信息年級：2013級實(shí)驗(yàn)人姓名（學(xué)號）：吳俊宏（13342074）參加人姓名（學(xué)號）：王驥（133420）日期：2014年10月14日星期二下午測量扭擺在自由狀態(tài)下的固有振動頻率，并測量自由狀態(tài)下的阻尼系數(shù)β初始振幅A0(°周期數(shù)n時間t=nT(s)末振幅An(°阻尼系數(shù)β=固有振動頻率ωβ50558.06410.0246217053.89783543.9654973843.9404225267.78410.0255078334.0381173947.6940.50.0274019554.0853879367.97410.0248997413.9418511078.13400.0274469313.864295081608.04500.0226768113.9075193513.9153476688.02490.0252524023.9172792177.98500.0228473133.9368991968.04510.0202137973.9075058338.04490.0251895853.907534741結(jié)論：隨著初始角度的增大，阻尼系數(shù)減小觀察阻尼振動現(xiàn)象，測量阻尼系數(shù)與阻尼電壓的變化關(guān)系阻尼電壓U(V)阻尼電流I（A）初始振幅A0(°周期數(shù)n時間t(s)末振幅An(°阻尼系數(shù)β005057.91410.02508861410.58.02390.03098021920.0847.95390.03125300130.1278.01370.03759114840.1707.88290.06912781450.2147.71260.08481536560.2577.91270.07789963870.3007.84230.09904703980.3427.78200.11777515890.3857.64170.141205453100.4277.84130.171820618測量調(diào)速旋鈕位置與簡諧驅(qū)動力矩頻率之間的變化關(guān)系旋鈕轉(zhuǎn)動圈數(shù)周期數(shù)n時間t（s）頻率ω(s-1057.454.2169028910．57.514384.2569006151.56.764.64732641127.634.1174215642.57.684.09061543437.684.0906154343.57.93.97669956247.774.0432337884.57.953.95168887257.883.9867927085.58.053.9025995768.213.8265440366.58.33.7850513978.23.8312105537.58.633.64031593788.383.7489172488.58.653.63189902198.643.6361026089.58.823.561896433觀察共振現(xiàn)象U=7Vβ=圈數(shù)n頻率ω振幅A（°）相位差（rad）φ=（且因?yàn)橄辔徊羁偸锹浜?，若求得大?，減去π）04.21690289120-2.7868744210．542.74384065914.25690061525.5-2.827316121.54.64732641129-2.9910919524.11742156433.5-2.6221041622.54.09061543439-2.55004564234.09061543447-2.5500456423.53.97669956258-1.92040941344.04323378873-2.3684455254.53.951688872100-1.68389688153.986792708124.5-2.0064162385.53.90259957105-1.20440350563.826544036103-0.708548756.53.7850513986-0.5583590373.83121055372-0.7295903347.53.64031593754-0.30695554283.74891724851-0.4670988888.53.63189902145-0.29873933793.63610260839-0.302791249.53.56189643335-0.243531396結(jié)論：由圖知得共振頻率大于固有頻率，與理論不符。（解釋：在小于固有頻率處，有真實(shí)共振頻率未測得）【思考題】實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中如何設(shè)置實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備，使波爾振動儀產(chǎn)生自由振動，阻尼振動，受迫振動。試討論扭擺建立穩(wěn)定的受迫振動過程的動力學(xué)過程。答：關(guān)閉阻尼電源，關(guān)閉周期性外力電機(jī)，波爾振動儀可產(chǎn)生自由振動。打開阻尼電源，關(guān)閉周期性外力電機(jī)，波爾振動儀可產(chǎn)生阻尼振動。打開阻尼電源，打開