2018年高考英語試題北京卷答案

絕密★啟用前2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷）第一部分:知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題;每小題1分,共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng) ，并在答題卡上：將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround？Hello,Peter.I'mBob.Ijust onMonday.start B.havestarted C.started D.hadstarted wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.Although B.While C.If D.Until alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceTravel B.Traveling C.Havingtraveled D.TraveledSusanhadquitherwell-paidjoband asavolunteerintheneighborhood.whenIvisitedherlastyearisworking B.wasworking C.hasworked D.hadworkedSheandherfamilybicycletowork, helpsthemkeepfitwhich B.who C.as D.thatDuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.share B.toshare C.havingshared D.sharedChina'shigh-speedrailways from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowing B.havegrown C.willgrow D.hadgrownInanyunsafesituation,simply thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.press B.topress C.pressing D.pressedArescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho inthemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrapping B.havebeentrapped C.weretrapping D.hadbeentrappedOrdinarysoap, correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.useWithouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe wearenow.A.how B.when C.where D.whyIntoday'sinformationage,thelossofdata causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.mustTheymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey afewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddrivenGoodmorning,Mr.lee'soffice.Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment nextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.atThisis myfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.the D.what第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith400incashwoUildbeasource（來源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga 18onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20 insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto21itcontained4004hnotes,withanother50Usparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'ownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawreneereturnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworthU5,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.TheTOC\o"1-5"\h\zpolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas24 .ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis25 .Mr.Andersonsaid: "Icouldntbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand 27hedidn'takethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers28it'unbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29 guysoutthere.”Mr.smith'act30muchofthepublic'attention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson 31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000. "Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'haIjob34 andallsorts, ”Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing 35.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort17.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once18.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel19.A.partnerB.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman20.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached21.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe22.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing23.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.shocked24.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen25.A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement26.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because27.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just28.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead29.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous30.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew31.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard32.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn33.A.ofB.atC.forD.in34.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications35.A.lessonB.adventureC.chaneeD.challenge第二部分:閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2分,共30分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最仁選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s，Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted！Atmile3,Ipassedasign: “GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving！AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽），Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner ”.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor .A.waswelltrained B.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorun D.LosthopeWhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.C.Hegotthefirstprize.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.Hequithalfway.D.Hewalkedtotheend.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation（航空）Center3/8

Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter（SAC）istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges（榮譽(yù)徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模擬）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（駕駛艙）ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andIand-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueofpilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek--thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures. B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.Togetadegreeinengineering. D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto .A.flytospace. B.getanAviationbadgefirst.studytheprinciplesofflight. D.buildandfiremodelrockets.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership. B.Teamspirit.Taskplanning. D.Survivalskills.CPlastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.AlmosthalfofthatwindsupinIandfills（垃圾填埋場(chǎng)）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊狀物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,sh”eexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（腸道微生物）?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic. ”Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood. B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics. D.Theywindupinlandfills.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto .A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown B.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindings D.increasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight .A.helptoraisewormsC.beusedtocleantheoceansA.helptoraisewormsC.beusedtocleantheoceansWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.helpmakeplasticbagsbeproducedinfactoriesinfutureTointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars（andrightfullyso）,policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（排放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremost

adultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpacked

5/8highwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransportanunwelcome sideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫車）services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues（責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearaneeofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'extendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachaneeforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan .A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems B.providebetterservicestocustomerscausedamagetoourenvironment D.makesomepeoplelosejobsAsfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor'majorconcern?A.Safety. B.Sideeffects. C.Affordability. D.Management.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “fielded”inParagraph4?robablymeanA.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced.Whatistheauthor'attitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyDoWeGetAngry？Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit，butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior，andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（觸發(fā)）events,personalitytraits（特征），andourassessmentofsituations.51Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.52Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'personalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson.nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettoleraneearemuchmorelikelytogetangry. 53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred. 54 Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative（消極的）outlooksonsituationscancreateanger. However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappear

inordertopreventitspresenee.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣，計(jì)劃明年來，內(nèi)容包括Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣，計(jì)劃明年來，內(nèi)容包括：; 3.建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國(guó)朋友北京上大學(xué)。他向你咨詢相關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)給他回郵件1.表示歡迎； 2.推薦他上哪所大學(xué)注意:1.詞數(shù)不少于50； 2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出DearJim，Yours2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）

英語參考答案第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8.A9.D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.D第二節(jié)完形填空16.C17.B18.A19.C20.D21.A22.B23.D24.A 25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.C第二部分閱讀理解36.C37.C38.A39.B40.A41.D42.B43.C44.B45.D46.C47.A48.D49.A50.B51.F52.G53.E54.A55.D第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）DearJim,I'msogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.FirstIwouldliket