馬洛和莎士比亞

Chapterone

MarloweandShakespeare

Q&AWhyisChaucerregardedasthefatherofEnglishPoetry?ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoEnglishpoetry

toreplaceit.(InThe

legendofGoodWomen,heusedforthe

firsttimeinEnglishheroiccouplet.Andinhismasterpiece,TheCanterburyTales,heemployedheroiccoupletwithtrueeaseandcharmforthe

firsttimeinthehistoryofEnglish

literature.)heisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthe

currentEnglish

language.Hisproductionofsomuchexcellentpoemsis

animportantfactorinestablishingEnglishasthe

literarylanguageofthecountry.Andhemadethe

dialectofLondonthefoundationforModernEnglishspeech.ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaEnglishpoetanddramatist

mostgifted

Universitywits,thegreatestpioneerofEnglishdramaHislife:borninCanterbury,England,Feb,6,1564StudiesatCambridgeanddecidedtobecomeamanoflettersCametoLondonandfoundmorepassioninliteratureBecameanactorandledatempestuouslifeKilledinaquarrelanddiedonMay30,1593ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaHismajorworks:Plays（6plays)Tamburlaine《帖木爾》DoctorFaustus《浮士德博士的悲劇》(masterpiece)TheJewofMalta《馬耳他島的猶太人》EdwardⅡ《愛德華二世》b.Thenon-dramaticpoetry:HeroandLeanderthePassionateShepherdtoHisLovec.Theversetranslation:Ovid’sAmores.

ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaTamburlaine《帖木爾》ItisaplayaboutanambitiousandpitilessTartarconquerorinthe14thcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringking.Theme:HevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepowerandauthority.Significance:Hedevelopedblankverseintoaflexiblepoeticformfortragedy.ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaDoctorFaustus《浮士德博士的悲劇》aplaybasedontheGermanlegendofamagicianaspiringforknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil.Theme：themoralisnotreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness;italsorevealsman’sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Andtheconfinementtotimeisthecruelestfactofman’scondition.

ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaTheJewofMalta《馬耳他島的猶太人》

illustratesMarlowe'soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero,BarabastheJew,servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenice.

EdwardⅡ《愛德華二世》oneofthefirstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas,EdwardⅡ。hismostdramaticallymatureplay&exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization,stagecraft&rhetoric.

ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDrama“ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove”《激情的牧人致心愛的姑娘

》ItisconsideredtobeoneofthemostbeautifullyricsinEnglishliterature.

Marlowepaintedanidealizedscene,wheretheshepherd,inanidyllicway,enumerateshisloveforthebeautifulnymph.Theemphasisisnotonwhetherthelifeisrealornot,butonthestrongfeelingexpressedinthepoem.ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaHischaracteristics1.Blankverse,hebroughtvitalityandgrandeurintotheblankversewithhis“mightlines”.(Blankverse:Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter)2.Hyperbole:indicatethepoeticenergyandintensityconveyedthroughtheverse.(Hyperbole:Afigureofspeechusingexaggeration,oroverstatement,forspecialeffect)3.Characterization:hisheroesinterpretthetrueRenaissancespirit.ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaMarlowe’sliteraryachievements:1.heperfectedtheblankverseandmadeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.Hebroughtvitalityandgrandeurintotheblankversewithhis‘mightylines’,whichcarryemotionsbyemployinghyperbole

hismajorfigureofspeech2.hiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower,knowledge,andglory,theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDrama3.heregardedtragedyasadramaticmedium.Heperceivedthattragicactionmustbereflectedintheindividual.Thoughdeathcomestoallhistragicheroes,theessenceofhisplaystillliesinthestruggleofabravehumansoulagainstharshforces.DrFaustusChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)--pioneerofEnglishDramaHisinfluence:Amanofwidelearning,Marlowewasoneoftheextraordinarypoets&playwrightsofhistime."Marlowe'smightyline,"asBenJonsoncalledhisblankverse,wasoneofthemostimportantcontributionstotheartofEnglishliterature.WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Briefintroductionthegreatestwriterofplayswhoeverlived"notofanagebutforalltime."---BenJohnsonHiswork—>”mirroroflife”(38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems)--SamuelJohnson“enormouspoweroverlanguage.“--BernardShawWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)HisLifeBorninthemonthofApril,1564atStratford-on-AvonMarriedAnneHathawayandhad3kids.WorkedasactorandplaywrightinLondonWasinprimeofhisdramaticcareerduring1591-1611diedonthesamemonthof1616WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)HisLiteraryCareerA.Hisdramaticcareer(4periods)TheFirstPeriod(1590-1594)

fivehistoricalplays&fourcomedies(Theperiodofapprenticeship)TheSecondPeriod(1595-1600)

fivehistoricalplays,sixcomedies&twotragedies(individualizedstyleandapproach)TheThirdPeriod(1601-1609)

Seventragedies&twodarkcomediesTheFourthPeriod(1609-1612)

Romantictragic-comedies&twoplays

WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)B.Non-dramaticpoetryVenus&Adonis《維納斯和阿多尼斯》->aconventionalElizabethannarrativepoem->tellsofthepassionatelovegoddesswhowoosthereluctantyouthAdonis

TheRapeofLucrece《露易絲受辱記》

BasedonthesemihistoricalstoryoftherapeofachasteRomanmatronbyTarquin,sonofthekingofRome.hissequenceof154sonnets.(theonlydirectexpressionofthepoet’sownfeelings)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)5Historicalplays:HenryⅥ,partⅠ(1590)《亨利六世》HenryⅥ,partⅡ(1590)

HenryⅥ,partⅢ(1591)

RichardⅢ(1592)《理查三世》

TitusAndronicus(1593)《泰托斯.安東尼》

4comedies:TheComedyofErrors(1592)《錯誤的戲劇》

TheTwoGentlemenofVerona(1594)《維洛那二紳士》

TheTamingoftheShrew(1593)《馴悍記》

Love'sLabor'sLost(1594)《愛的徒勞》

TheFirstPeriod(1590-1594)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Abouthishistoryplayswrittenundertheprinciplethatnationalunityunderamightyandjustsovereignisanecessitydramatizestheclassstrugglebetweentheoppressorsandtheoppressed.“TheKing’sgovernmentmustbecarriedon”—butcarriedonforthegoodofthenation,notforthepleasureoftheking

WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)

fivehistoricalplaysRichardⅡ(1595)《理查二世》KingJohn(1596)《約翰王》

HenryⅣ,PartⅠ&PartⅡ(1597)《亨利四世》HenryV(1598)《亨利五世》sixcomedies

AMidsummerNight‘sDream(1595)》《仲夏夜之夢》TheMerchantofVenice(1596)《威尼斯商人》MuchAdoAboutNothing(1598)《無事生非》AsYouLikeIt(1599）《皆大歡喜》TwelfthNight(1600)《第十二夜》TheMerryWivesofWinsor(1598)《溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們》

TheSecondPeriod(1595-1600)twotragedies

Romeo&Juliet(1595)《羅密歐與朱麗葉》JuliusCaesar(1599)《裘利斯.凱撒》WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Abouthiscomedytakesanoptimisticattitudetowardloveandyouth,andtheromanticelementsarebroughtintofullplay(suchasinTheMerchantofVenice)AbouthisromantictragedyPraisethefaithfulofloveandspiritofpursuinghappiness(suchasinRomeoandJulietWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Seventragedies:Hamlet《哈姆雷特》Othello《奧賽羅》KingLear《李爾王》Macbeth《麥克白》

Antony&Cleopatra《安東尼與克利奧佩特拉》Troilus&Cressida《特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)》Coriolonus《克里奧拉那斯》twodarkcomediesAll'sWellThatEndsWell《終成眷屬》MeasureforMeasure《一報還一報》TheThirdPeriod(1601-1609)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)

ThecommoncharacteristicsinShakespeare’sgreatesttragediesEachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.

(Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldkingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsufferfromtreacheryandinfidelity;andMachbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandl