2023年自考類英語自考外語教學法歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解卷

2023年自考類英語自考外語教學法歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Accordingtothemonitorhypothesis,acquisitionenablesthespeakertoproduceutterancesandisresponsiblefor______.2.AlthoughKrashenandTerrellclaimthatlanguageisa______forcommunication,theyconsiderlanguagelearningasmasteryofstructuresbystages.3.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingtheGrammer-TranslationMethodwas______.A.FacultyPsychologyB.GestaltPsychologyC.BehaviouralPsychologyD.CognitivePsychology4.______isconsideredasthefatherofAmericanstructuralism.A.FranzBoasB.EdwardSapirC.LeonardBloomfieldD.NoamChomsky5.TheCommunicativeApproachlaysemphasisonlearningtocommunicatethrough______inthetargetlanguage.A.listeningandnote-takingB.interactionC.roleplayD.oralpresentation6.AccordingtoSkinner,awell-knownbehavioristpsychologist,______,wasmuchmoreeffectivethan______inateachingsituation.A.reward...reasoningB.reward...punishmentC.reasoning...rewardD.reasoning...punishment7.Accordingtothecommunicativeviewoflanguage,theprimaryfunctionoflanguageisfor______andcommunication.8.TheNaturalApproachconsiders______asthemostimportantelementofanylanguageteachingprogram.9.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingtheDirectMethodincludesthatlanguageandthe______worldaredirectlyassociated.10.TheDirectMethodteachersbelievethatdirectassociationof______isofgreatimportanceinlanguageteaching.A.pronunciationandspellingB.wordsandspellingC.wordsandgrammarD.formandmeaning11.Whatarethefourcharacteristicsofacommunicativeviewoflanguageandhowaretheyrelatedtothetheoryoflearningunderlyingthesameapproach?12.WhatisthebasictheoryofGestaltpsychology?13.______wasPalmer's,therepresentativeoftheOralApproach,coremethodologicalprinciple.14.ThebookLanguagewaswrittenby______in1933.A.LeonardBloomfieldB.EdwardSapirC.HaroldPalmerD.DanielJones15.Palmerinsistedtherewasabasicdifferencebetweenthe______capacitiesofhumanbeingsandthetrainedor"studial"capacitiesoftheclassroomlearner.16.Communicativeactivitieshavethreefeatures:informationgap,______andfeedback.17.Accordingtosomefunctionallinguists,someutterancehasnomeaningatallifitisoutofthecontextof______.18.Accordingtothefacultypsychologists,understandingandmemorizationofcomplicatedgrammaticalrulesoflanguageswereregardedasimportantmeansofdeveloping______.19.MeaningfullearningproposedbytheCognitiveApproachdrawsonthestudents'______whichwillmakelearningmoreeffective.20.ReviewthetenetsofKrashen'sInputHypothesis.21.WhatisconsideredthebestwaytoteachspeakingintheNaturalApproach?22.The______Methodplacesemphasisonrepetition,drills,positivereinforcementofcorrectlanguageproductionandextensiveuseoflanguagelab.23.B.F.Skinnerwasregardedastheleaderof______.24.IntheOralApproach,Palmerinsistedthattherewasabasicdifferencebetweenthespontaneouscapacitiesofhumanbeingsto______languagenaturallyandunconsciouslyandthetrainedor"situational"capacitiesoftheclassroomlearnerwhichallowedhimtolearnlanguageconsciously.25.WhattheChineseteachersandtheChineselearnersneedisnotblindapplicationofforeignmethods,noriseclecticism,but______.26.TheadvocatesoftheOralApproachbelievedthatelementsinalanguagewere______,whichmeansthatlowerlevelsystemsofwordclassesledtohigherlevelsystemsofphrasesandsentences.27.______and______areemphasizedbytheOralApproach.28.TheTotalPhysicalResponsewasdevelopedby______.A.JamesAsherB.CalebGattegnoC.CharlesCurrenD.GeorgiLozanov29.Shouldthecommissionoferrorsbepreventedasmuchaspossible?Whyorwhynot?30.The______developedasanalternativeinresponsetothecriticismsleveledagainstaudiolingualism.A.CognitiveApproachB.NaturalApproachC.CommunicativeApproachD.OralApproach31.Appropriacyoflanguageusehastobeconsideredalongsideaccuracy.Whatimplicationsdoesthishaveforattitudestoerrors?32.InanAudiolingualMethodclass,theteachingoflisteningcomprehension,pronunciation,grammar,andvocabularyareallrelatedtothedevelopmentoforal______.33.Themodempsychologyfoundedby______laidthepsychologicalfoundationfortheDirectMethod.A.HermannPaulB.W.M.WundtC.J.Ａ.ComeniusD.F.Gouin34.AccordingtotheNaturalApproach,the______forbothcomprehensionandproductionisconsideredcriticalintheconstructionandinterpretationofmessages.35.TheAudiolingualMethoddevelopstheseparationofthelanguage______intoapedagogicaldevice,thatis,listening,speaking,readingandwriting.36.Doyouthinkthat,insecondlanguageacquisition,acquisitionwillcontinuetohappenforadults?Whyorwhynot?37.Hallidayclaimedthatlanguagehas______meaning.A.formalandcontextualB.functionalandstructuralC.linguisticandnon-linguisticD.descriptiveandprescriptive38.Chomskynotedthedistinctionbetweenlinguistic______andlinguisticperformance.39.Thegenerativelinguistisinterestednotonlyindescribinglanguagebutasloin______language.Inotherwords,theyattempttofindthe______aswellasthewhyinthestudyoflanguage.40.ThebasicprincipleoftheNaturalApproachisthedistinctionKrashenhasdrawnbetweenlanguageacquisitionandlanguage______.41.______startedthefirsttrainingcourseforteachersofEnglishasaforeignlanguagein1932.A.MichaelWestB.LawrenceFaucettC.HaroldPalmerD.Ｃ.Ｅ.Eckersley42.The______referstoanapproachtolanguageteachingdevelopedbyBritishappliedlinguistsfromthe1920stothe1960s.A.Grammar-TranslationMethodB.CognitiveApproachC.OralApproachD.AudiolingualMethod43.Shouldthecommissionoferrorsbepreventedasmuchaspossible?Whyorwhynot?44.TheaffectivefilterhypothesisofKrashen'sMonitorModelstatesthatacquirerswith______affectivefilterseekandreceivemorecomprehensibleinput.A.lowB.averageC.highD.veryhigh45.TherearesevenfunctionsthatlanguageperformsforchildrenlearningtheirfirstlanguagedescribedbyHalliday.Listatleastfiveofthem.46.______isthecenterofKrashen'ssecondlanguagelearningtheory.A.ThemonitormodelB.Thelearning/acquisitiondistinctionC.Theaffective-filterhypothesisD.Thenaturalorderhypothesis47.The______Approachemphasizesondictation,imitationandcontrolledoral-basedreadingandwritingtasks.48.TheAudiolingualMethodwasdevelopedin______duringtheSecondWorldWar.A.BritainB.theU.SC.FranceD.Germany49.Traditionallinguisticswasstartedin______.A.3thcenturyB.5thcentury

Ｂ.Ｃ.C.7thcenturyＢ.Ｃ.D.15thcentury50.Withregardtosyllabusdesign,theCommunicativeApproachemphasizes______.A.teachingmaterialsB.learningenvironmentC.thelengthofthecourseD.learners'needs第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：fluency[解析]監(jiān)控假設認為語言習得與學習者的流利度密切相關。2.參考答案：vehicle[解析]自然法是克拉申(Krashen)和特雷爾(Terrell)提出的一種教學法。其強調自然的語言交際而不是規(guī)范的語法學習?？死旰吞乩谞栒J為語言是一種用來交流意義的載體。盡管如此他們還是把語言學習看作是逐步掌握語言結構的過程。3.參考答案：A[解析]語法翻譯法的學習理論是機能心理學(Facultypsychology)，語言理論是傳統(tǒng)語言學理論。B格式塔心理學產(chǎn)生于20世紀20年代，是由德國心理學家韋特墨、考夫卡和勒文等人所創(chuàng)立。C行為主義心理學，代表人物斯金納(Skinner)，行為主義心理學家認為語言是一套語言習慣，這種語言習慣是通過確認并強化刺激(Stimulus)與反應(Response)之間的聯(lián)系而形成的。D認知心理學代表人物是皮亞杰，研究各種知識體系的本質和學習過程(natureandlearning)，特別注重對思維、感知、理解、記憶和學習等心理活動過程的研究。4.參考答案：C[解析]美國語言學家布魯姆菲爾德被認為是美國結構主義語言學之父。5.參考答案：B[解析]交際法強調通過使用目標語進行交流去學習交際技能。6.參考答案：B[解析]美國行為主義心理學家斯金納認為，在教學實踐中獎勵往往比懲罰更加有效。因此，在使用聽說法的課堂教學中，教師要對學生每一次正確的表現(xiàn)加以肯定和表揚，要精心設計每一個句型以便學生在操練句型時盡可能少犯錯誤，使學生有成就感。7.參考答案：interaction[解析]交際語言學觀點認為語言的基本功能是互動(interaction)和交流(communication)。8.參考答案：input[解析]語言輸入假設試圖回答了人們是如何習慣語言這一關鍵的問題。這一假設認為人們習得語言的唯一途徑——理解信息，即接受“可理解的輸入”。自然法認為語言輸入(input)是任何一種語言教學大綱中最重要的部分。9.參考答案：physical[解析]直接法的學習理論中認為語言和物質世界是直接聯(lián)系的。10.參考答案：D[解析]在直接法教學家看來，外語學習與母語習得是類同的，他們常常用聯(lián)想主義心理學(associationistpsychology)來解釋所涉及的學習過程。根據(jù)德國學者弗蘭克的心理學原理，應當把目標語的語言形式(form)和意思(meaning)直接聯(lián)系起來。因此直接聯(lián)系(directassociation)也是直接法的一個教學技巧，教師在講授新的語言材料時，把表義和外語直接聯(lián)系起來。因此排除A、B、C。11.參考答案：Acommunicativeviewoflanguagehasthefollowingfourcharacteristics:

(1)Languageisasystemfortheexpressionofmeaning.

(2)Theprimaryfunctionoflanguageisforinteractionandcommunication.

(3)Thestructureoflanguagereflectsitsfunctionalandcommunicativeuses.

(4)Theprimaryunitsoflanguagearenotmerelyitsgrammaticalandstructuralfeatures,butcategoriesoffunctionalandcommunicativemeaningasexemplifiedindiscourse.

Sofarastheoryoflearningisconcerned,meaningisemphasizedmorethanthelearningofstructure.Learnersareofferedavarietyofactivitiestogetinvolvedinnegotiationinmakingchoicesanddecisions.Besides,languageneedstobestudiedinthesocialcontextofitsuse.12.參考答案：Gestaltpsychologyappearedinthe1920s.Itsresearchwasfocusedontheareaofperception,aimingattheexplorationoftherelationshipbetweenpartsandwholeinpeople'sperceptionalexperience.Itclaimedthatpeopleperceivedobjectsandscenesasorganizedwholesbeforetheynoticedtheircomponentparts.ThewordGestaltmeans"organizedshape"or"wholeform"inEnglish.13.參考答案：Habit-formation[解析]Palmer1921年ThePrinciplesoflanguageStudy一書中就提出語言教學和學習的基本原則，其中核心方法論原則是來源于行為主義的習慣形成(habit-formation)。14.參考答案：A[解析]美國結構主義代表Bloomfield在1933年出版其代表作Language，詳細陳述了他語言學的觀點和原則。15.參考答案：spontaneous[解析]PalmerinsistedthereWasabasicdifferencebetweenthespontaneouscapacitiesofhumanbeingsandthetrainedor"studial"capacitiesoftheclassroomlearner.

帕爾默是口語法的奠基人，他堅持認為，人們自然的、無意識的習得語言(acquiredlanguage)的自發(fā)能力(spontaneouscapacities)與學生通過訓練或“學習”得到的能力(trainedor"studial"capacities)之間有著根本的不同，他認為：自發(fā)能力在習得口語的過程中被得到充分發(fā)揮，而學得的能力則是培養(yǎng)讀寫能力所需要的。16.參考答案：choice[解析]交際活動的特點包括信息溝、選擇和反饋。17.參考答案：situation[解析]功能語言學家認為，每一字的意思在很大程度上都取決于其語境，一旦脫離語境，話便無意義。18.參考答案：mentality[解析]語法翻譯法所依據(jù)的學習理論是機能心理學(FacultyPsychology)。機能心理學家認為，理解和記憶各種語言的復雜語法規(guī)則被認為是發(fā)展腦力的重要途徑。19.參考答案：experience[解析]認知法強調有意義的學習，有意義的學習可以結合學生的經(jīng)驗從而使學習更有效。20.參考答案：Krashen'sInputHypothesisassumesthathumansacquirelanguageinonlyoneway--byunderstandingmessages,orbyreceiving"comprehensibleinput",whichreferstoutterancethatthelearnerunderstandsbasedonthecontextinwhichtheyareusedaswellasthelanguageinwhichtheyarephrased.Inlanguageacquisition,wemovefromi,ourcurrentlevel,toi+1,thenextlevelalongthenaturalorder,byunderstandinginputcontainingi+1.Theinputhypothesisrelatestoacquisition,nottomeaning.Comprehensionishelpedbythesituationandthecontext,extralinguisticinformationandknowledgeoftheworld.Aftertheacquirerhasbuiltuplinguisticcompetencebyunderstandinginput,theabilitytospeakfluentlywillemergeindependentlyintime.Itcannotbetaughtdirectly.Enoughcomprehensioninputprovidesi+1automatically.21.參考答案：ThebestwaytoteachspeakingintheNaturalApproachistofocusonlisteningandspokenfluencywillemergeonitsown.22.參考答案：Audiolingual[解析]聽說法的教學步驟是認別(Recognition)、模仿和復述(Imitationandrepetition)、句型操練(Patterndrills)、補充練習(Follow-upactivities)，其間一旦學生犯了錯誤，教師會立刻糾正其錯誤來強化學習，聽說法的特點之一就是語言實驗室的引入。23.參考答案：behaviourism[解析]聽說法結合了結構主義語言學理論(Structurallinguistictheory)、耳口法的教學程序(Aural-oralprocedures)和行為主義心理學的教學法(Behavioristpsychology)。其中美國行為主義心理學家斯金納(Skinner)1957年在題為《言語行為》一書中，他把條件反射理論運用到人類習得語言的方式中去，即刺激——反應——強化的過程。24.參考答案：acquire[解析]習慣形成是帕爾默教學法原則的核心，他堅持認為，人們自然的、無意識的習得語言(acquiredlanguage)的自發(fā)能力(spontaneouscapacities)與學生通過訓練或“學習”得到的能力(trainedor"situational"capacities)之間有著根本的不同，他認為：自發(fā)能力在習得口語的過程中被得到充分發(fā)揮，而學得的能力則是培養(yǎng)讀寫能力所需要的。25.參考答案：judgement[解析]中國英語教學界不是在盲目照搬外國的經(jīng)驗，也不是僅憑自己的經(jīng)驗或本能去教學，他們在努力尋求一種既有科學根據(jù)又符合中國國情、能滿足中國教師和學生的需要的方法。然而我們需要的不是盲目照搬，也不是折中，而是判斷。26.參考答案：rule-governed[解析]口語法倡導者認為語言的成分是受規(guī)則支配的(rule-governed)，低一級的如名詞、動詞等語言系統(tǒng)按照一定規(guī)則構成高一級的如短語和句子的語言系統(tǒng)。27.參考答案：Vocabulary,grammar[解析]口語法強調詞匯在外語學習中的重要地位，其教學目標也重在語法結構的分析，是以語法為基礎(grammar-based)的教學法，語法與詞匯按難易程度分層次(Principlesofgrammaticalandlexicalgradation)教學，而新的語言點通過有意義的情景活動(meaningfulsituation-basedactivities)得到展示與練習。28.參考答案：A[解析]全身反應法是JamesAsher開創(chuàng)的教學法。29.參考答案：Itdependsontheusingoflanguagesituationandthepurposeoflanguageteaching.Whenthefocusofteachingisonlanguageform,andwhenthestudentsaredoingmechanicalpatterndrillsintheclassroom,theteachershouldcorrectthestudentswhenevererrorsarecommitted.Butwhenthestudentsareengagedincommunication,andthefocusisongettingmeaningacross,errorsshouldnotbetackledonthespot,becausetheywouldbetoomuchconcernedwithlanguageformsandwouldneverdeveloporalability.Inthesameway,theremightbemorecorrectionoferrorsinwrittenthaninoralcommunication.30.參考答案：A[解析]20世紀60年代聽說法受到越來越多的批評，認知法應運而生，改變了聽說法只注重機械習慣形成的語言學習模式，更強調學習者心智的參與。31.參考答案：Thishassomeimplicationsforattitudestoerrors.Sincebothappropracyandaccuracyareimportantinlanguageuse,weshouldpaythesameattentiontothesetwoaspects.Ifone'slanguageproductionisappropriate,butdottedwithalotofgrammarerrors,communicationwouldbeaffected.Ontheotherhand,ifone'slanguageproductioniscorrectingrammar,butnotappropriateinuse,communicationwouldnotbeaseffectiveasexpected.Therefore,weshouldbetoleranttothestudents'errorswhichdonotaffectcommunication,andbestricttothosewhichinterferewithcommunicationandcauseilleffectsorillfeelingtotheothercommunicators.32.參考答案：fluency[解析]在聽說法的課堂上，聽力理解、發(fā)音、語法和詞匯的教學都與提高口語流利度有關。33.參考答案：B[解析]W.M.Wundt的現(xiàn)代心理研究為直接法奠定了心理學的基礎。34.參考答案：lexicon[解析]自然法認為詞匯對理解和產(chǎn)出的作用在信息的建構和闡釋中是至關重要的。35.參考答案：skills[解析]根據(jù)結構主義語言學和行為主義心理學的理論，聽說法把語言分成聽、說、讀、寫四種技能。36.參考答案：Yes.Acquisitiontakesplaceduringrealcommunicationinthelanguageandisconsidered

tobethesourceofthelearners'abilitytousethelanguageinunstructuredinteraction.Teacherscanentirelysimulateintheclassroomanenvironmentthatwillbesimilartothecontextinwhichadultsacquiretheirfirstlanguage,astheycreateutterancestoexpresstheirownthoughts.Teacherscanalsocreateavarietyofmajoractivitiesintheclassroomwhichleadstoproduceactiveinteractionsinthesecondlanguage.Throughthesemajoractivitiesandtechniques,theinnatecapacitiestoacquirealanguagethatalladultspossesswillbetapped.Classroomwithinterestingandmeaningfullanguageinputmaybeaverygoodplaceforadultstoacquirethesecondlanguage.Weconsiderthatacquisitionwillcontinuetohappenforadultsinsecondlanguageacquisitionprocess.37.參考答案：A[解析]Halliday認為語言的意義有兩種，形式意義和語境意義。38.參考答案：competence[解析]喬姆斯基把人類語言劃分為語言能力(Linguisticcompetence)和語言行為(Linguisticperformance)，他強烈反對結構主義提出的刺激反應論，認為語言習得并不是由純粹的外界語言刺激造成的。語言能力指的是說母語的人所具有的母語知識；語言表達能力是指母語使用者說出的具體話。39.參考答案：explaining,what[解析]喬姆斯基曾提出好的理論需要滿足三點：觀察充分性(observationaladequacy)，描寫充分性(descriptiveadequacy)，解釋充分性(explanatoryadequacy)。因此生成語言學家不僅對語言的描述感興趣，也對語言的解釋感興趣。換言之，他們試圖在語言研究中找到語言學習的內容(what)和語言學習的原因(why)。40.參考答案：learning[解析]自然法的基本原則是克拉申關于語言習得和語