語法精講強化系列7定語從句課件

語法精講強化系列7.定語從句語法精講強化系列考點15組易混關系代詞的用法辨析★★★★★

1.只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.

考點15組易混關系代詞的用法辨析★★★★★(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,very等修飾時。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.

(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,(4)先行詞為人、物并用時。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(5)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.(4)先行詞為人、物并用時。2.只用which不用that的情況(1)關系代詞前有介詞時。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引導非限制性定語從句時。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.2.只用which不用that的情況(3)先行詞為that/those時。*What’sthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定語時。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.(3)先行詞為that/those時。3.thesame...as與thesame...thatthesame...as表示相似或同類的東西;thesame...that表示同一人或物①Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.這與他上星期借給我的那本書屬于同一類。②Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.這是他上星期借給我的那本書。3.thesame...as與thesame.4.such/so...as與such/so...thatsuch/so...as(定語從句)像……那樣;such/so...that(狀語從句)如此……以至于①ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.②ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.4.such/so...as與such/so..5.as與which(1)as引導的非限制性定語從句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有時還可插入主句中。which引導的非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。5.as與which(2)as意為“正如……”,后面的謂語動詞多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意為“這一點”或“這件事”等。①NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.(2)as意為“正如……”,后面的謂語動詞多用see,k【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空(2014·安徽高考)Theexactyear

AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.

【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空解題關鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會想到when。但當先行詞為時間、地點名詞時,用關系副詞還是關系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當什么句子成分。本題定語從句中的謂語動詞spent為及物動詞,故從句中缺少賓語,關系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。答案判定:which/that解題關鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會想到when?！靖呖碱}組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空/改錯1.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit__________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(2013·全國卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(改錯)_____________that/whichthat改為which【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空/改錯that/whichth3.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,______offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.4.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Trustisalearnedbehavior__________wegainfrompastexperiences.whichthat/which3.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psyc考點2關系代詞who,whom,whose★★★★★1.who和whom的用法(1)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those指代人時或表示人的名詞時。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein2015.

考點2關系代詞who,whom,whose★★★★★(2)在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關系代詞who指代人。*There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.(2)在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的定語從句宜用關系(3)一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人的定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that,另一個宜用who以避免重復。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.(3)一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人的定語從句,其中一個定語從句(4)當關系代詞前面有介詞時,只能用whom,whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,介詞可放在后面,也可提前構(gòu)成介詞+whom(先行詞指人)結(jié)構(gòu)。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(4)當關系代詞前面有介詞時,只能用whom,whom在2.whose的用法whose指人或物,作定語,表示“……的”,可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關系代詞”,指人時可用ofwhom;指物時可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/ofwhomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.2.whose的用法【點津】關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.

【點津】關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空(2015·陜西高考)Asalesman

isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.

【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空解題關鍵:關系詞代替先行詞salesman在定語從句中作主語,所以用關系詞who引導定語從句,表示“不能守時的銷售者”。答案判定:who解題關鍵:關系詞代替先行詞salesman在定語從句中作主【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空1.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisyear,25,310students____haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.who【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空who2.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Students____takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.3.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Students____entertheCuriosityChallengeandareselectedaswinnerswillbehonored.4.(2013·湖北高考)Mydeskmateisaneccentricboy______clothesneverfithim.whowhowhose2.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Students____ta考點3關系副詞when,where,why★★★★1.when的用法先行詞為“時間名詞”,可用when引導定語從句,when在定語從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

考點3關系副詞when,where,why★★★★2.where的用法(1)先行詞是“地點名詞”,定語從句可用where引導,where在從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*(2013·天津高考)Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.2.where的用法(2)如果定語從句修飾point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞,常用where引導,意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺少狀語)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.(2)如果定語從句修飾point,situation,p3.why的用法先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時,可以用why引導定語從句,why在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用forwhich替代?？梢园汛藭r的句子牢記為一個固定句型,即Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,意為“……的原因是……”。*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.3.why的用法【點津】(1)選擇關系代詞或關系副詞的原則:在選擇關系詞時,最重要的是分析定語從句中所缺的成分。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關系代詞;若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關系副詞?！军c津】*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(關系詞在從句中作賓語)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(關系詞在從句中作狀語)*Thisisthemountainvillage(2)當way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面的定語從句缺方式狀語時可以用that或inwhich引導,也可以省略關系詞。如果后面定語從句中缺少賓語,要用that或which引導,也可以省略關系詞。*Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.(2)當way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面的定語從句缺方【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空(2015·廣東高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket_________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.

【典例剖析】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空解題關鍵:wherepeoplefromthetownsmetregularly是定語從句,修飾先行詞market,where在定語從句中作狀語。答案判定:where解題關鍵:wherepeoplefromtheto【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空1.(2015·湖北高考)Thereason____theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.2.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Thehardwoodforests______passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood.whywhere【高考題組】用適當?shù)年P系詞填空whywhere3.(2013·山東高考)Whilewaitingforabustotheoffice______hewassupposedtobeinterviewed,hesawanelderlyman.4.(2013·遼寧高考)Attheage_____shegainedsomebasicskillsandsensibility(識別力),shebeggedhermotherforabikeride.wherewhen3.(2013·山東高考)Whilewaitingfo考點4介詞+關系代詞的6個考查點★★★★1.考查定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.

考點4介詞+關系代詞的6個考查點★★★★2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習慣*HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.3.考查根據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣確定介詞*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配習慣4.考查表示所屬關系的ofwhich/whom*Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofwhich/whoseconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可與whose+n.互換。4.考查表示所屬關系的ofwhich/whom5.考查表示整體與部分關系的ofwhich/whom*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.考查表示同位關系的ofwhich/whom*Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.5.考查表示整體與部分關系的ofwhich/whom【點津】選擇介詞的3個原則:

①根據(jù)句子意思表達的需要;②根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習慣;③根據(jù)先行詞和介詞的搭配習慣?！军c津】選擇介詞的3個原則:

①根據(jù)句子意思表達的需要;【辨析】定語從句與幾種句式和從句的區(qū)別與并列句的區(qū)別如果兩個句子之間是分號,或有and,but,so等連接詞,則這兩個句子為并列句;如果兩個句子之間是逗號,且沒有上述的連接詞,則這兩個句子之間就是主從關系,須有一個引導詞引導定語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別判斷強調(diào)句型的關鍵在于把強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“Itis/was...that/who...”去掉后,主句的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)是完整的【辨析】定語從句與幾種句式和從句的區(qū)別與并列句的區(qū)別如果兩個與狀語從句的區(qū)別狀語從句通常沒有先行詞,整個從句在復合句中作時間、地點或原因等狀語,而定語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定作用的與狀語從句的區(qū)別狀語從句通常沒有先行詞,整個從句在復合句中與同位語從句的區(qū)別①定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定作用;而同位語從句對先行詞起解釋、說明作用;②引導詞that在從句中的作用不同:在定語從句中,that既起連接作用,又在定語從句中充當句子成分,如主語、賓語等;而在同位語從句