RO反滲透系統(tǒng)技術培訓

簡介：膜/反滲透及其應用

AnINTRODUCTIONTO

MEMEBRANE/REVERSEOSMOSIS

&ITSBESTPRACTICE（交叉流/膜）過濾方法

CrossFlowFiltrationMethods微過濾Microfiltration超濾Ultrafiltration超微過濾

Nanofiltration反滲透ReverseOsmosis范圍宏分子Macromolecular分子Molecular次分子Submolecular離子Ionic顆粒大小Particlesize1.0-0.1mm0.1-0.01mm0.01-0.001mm<0.001mm去除Removes固體懸浮物,大的膠體,細菌Bacteria蛋白質Proteins,膠體Colloids,有機物Organics熱原(質)Pyrogens,二價離子Divalentions濾過性微生物Virus小的有機物,金屬Metals,鹽alts分子量MolecularWeight>100,00010,000-100,000200-20,000<300操作壓OperatingPressure10psig10-100psig200-250psig200-800psigPretreatmentNeeds預處理需要LowMediumHighHigh投資成本CapitalCostLowMediumHighHigh

膜構造MembraneConfigurations螺旋口SpiralWound中空纖維HollowFiber管狀Tubular膜系統(tǒng)MembraneSystem反滲透ReverseOsmosisP1WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O滲透過程/工藝WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O反滲透過程/工藝P2術語表GlossaryofTerms

Concentrateorreject濃縮或損失/未滲透

Permeateorproduct滲透或產物Percentrecovery回收率Percentsaltrejection鹽損率/抗鹽率反滲透基理進水FEEDWATER100gpm600ppmTDS滲透PERMEATE75gpm30ppmTDS5%鹽通過SaltPassage75%回收Recovery未滲透REJECT95%鹽損SaltRejection25gpm2310ppmTDS25%Reject兩步驟RO系統(tǒng)Two-StageROSystem

元件ELEMENTS進水FEED滲透PERMEATE高壓泵HIGHPRESSUREPUMPTRAIN#1TRAIN#2容器VESSEL2:1排列ARRAY進水FEEDREJECTREJECT滲透PERMEATE第一步1stSTAGE第二步2ndSTAGEREJECTRO設備TypicalROMachine膜對比MembraneComparisons醋酸纖維素Cellulose

acetate薄膜合成Thinfilm

compositePH范圍TypicalpHrange5.0-6.52.0-11.0平均未滲透率Average%rejection95%99%微生物病體MicrobiosusceptibilityYesNo溫度限制Temperaturelimit35°C45°C氯承受力ChlorinetoleranceExcellentPoor操作壓Typicaloperatingpressure400psig200psig離子通過TypicalPassageofIons*TFCelementratedfora95%NaClrejectionRO的優(yōu)勢

WhatAretheAdvantagesofRO?去除非離子雜質和溶解的固體（如：有機物，無水硅酸，細菌）Removesnonionicimpuritiesanddissolvedsolids(i.e.organics,silica,bacteria)

減少了危險的化學品存儲和與離子交換相關的操Reductionofhazardouschemicalstorageandhandlingassociatedwithionexchange

減少了離子交換系統(tǒng)的裝載Reducesloadingonionexchangesystems:延長運行周期Extendsrunlengths延長樹脂壽命Extendsresinlife降低操作成本ReducesoperatingcostsRO的劣勢

WhatAretheDisadvantagesofRO?25%的進水未被滲透25%offeedstreamisrejected滲透的5%TDS對HP鍋爐不足5%TDSinpermeateinadequateforHPboilers最終過濾器易被堵塞Ultimatefilterwhichiseasilyfouled: -提高操作成本Increasingoperatingcosts -降低樹脂壽命Reducingmembranelife操作成本細分TypicalOperatingCostBreakdown膜更換費MembraneReplacement31%化學藥品費用Chemicals17%人工費Labor15%過濾器更換費Filter

Replacement3%其它7%電費27%反滲透膜的問題ROMembraneProblemsFouling污垢微生物，殘渣/泥沙，臟物，有機物，金屬氧化物Microbio,silt,crud,organics,metaloxidesScaling水銹天然鹽Mineralsalts無水硅酸Silica水解和降解HydrolysisorDegradationpH,Temperature,oxidants,biodegradation離子污垢IronFouling微生物污垢MicrobiologicalFouling無水硅酸污垢SilicaFouling礦物水銹MineralScale膜退化/降解

MembraneDegradation

膜問題造成的結果ResultsofMembraneProblems水質降低Reducedwaterquality

運行周期縮短Shorterrunlengths

提早更換膜Prematuremembranereplacement

運行成本提高Higheroperatingcosts

廠商要求TypicalManufacturer’sRequirementsNS-NotSpecified膜的水解因素

HydrolysisFactorsofROMembranes

CAMEMBRANES微生物生長率MicrobiogrowthpresentpHlevels5.0-6.5溫度Temperatures<35oCExposedtodirectsunlight

TFCMEMBRANES進水中的氧化劑Oxidantsinfeedwater(i.e.Cl2,Ozone)進水中的游離氯<0.01ppmFreechlorineinfeedwater溫度Temperatures<45oCExposedtodirectsunlight各種污垢物質的沉積DepositTendencyofVariousFoulants*假定沒有使用防水銹劑、防污垢劑和消毒殺菌劑Assumesnoantiscalant,antifoulantorsanitizerisused性能改善指導方法

PerformanceEnhancementGuidelines污垢FoulantFoulantThreshold處理方法Treatment性能改善PerformanceEnhancement氯Chlorine0.1ppmfreeCl2(TFC)酸性亞硫酸鹽Bisulfite0ppmfreeCl2CaCO3LSIindex>0inreject防水銹劑UptoLSIindex=+2.3CaSO4Ca2++SO42->1000ppminreject防水銹劑3x溶解度Upto3xsolubilitylimitBaSO4Ba2+>0.2ppminfeed防水銹劑Upto11xsolubilitylimitFeFe2+>0.1ppminfeed防水銹劑Upto5xsolubilitylimit無水硅酸SilicaSiO2>120ppminreject防水銹劑Upto250ppminreject微生物Microbio進水中細菌棒量Bacterialevel>104

CFU/cm2infeed生物殺滅劑BiocideUpto106CFU/cm2RO系統(tǒng)控制ROSystemMonitoring預處理控制Pretreatmentmonitoring殘渣密度（SDI），混濁，pH，氧化劑 SiltDensity(SDI),Turbidity,pH,oxidants溫度、壓力、TDS Temperature,pressure,TDS污垢物質（細菌、金屬、硬度、無水硅酸） Foulants(bacteria,metals,hardness,silica)運行控制Performancemonitoring抗鹽率/鹽損率Percentsaltrejection正?；瘽B透流速Normalizedpermeateflowrate壓差Differentialpressure進水流速Feedwaterflowrate日常操作和運行參數(shù)DailyOperation&PerformanceParameters日期Date操作員名字Operator’sinitials進水SDIFeedwatersiltdensityindex(SDI)進水混濁Feedwaterturbidity進水溫度Feedwatertemperature進水溫度校正因素Feedwatertemperaturecorrectionfactor進水的pH值FeedwaterpH氧化劑濃度（如:Cl,消毒殺菌劑）Oxidantconcentration(i.e.Cl,sanitizer)進水傳導性或TDSFeedwaterconductivityorTDS

滲透水傳導性或TDSPermeateconductivityorTDS未滲透水傳導性或TDSRejectconductivityorTDS抗鹽率(計算的)Percentsaltrejection(calculated)進水(膜)壓力Feed(membrane)pressure滲透水壓力Permeatepressure未滲透水壓力Rejectpressure凈壓差(計算的)Netdifferentialpressure(calculated)凈推動壓Netdrivingpressure進水流速Feedwaterflowrate滲透水流速Permeateflowrate未滲透水流速Rejectflowrate正常化滲透流速（計算的）Normalizedpermeateflowrate(calculated)回收率(計算的)Percentrecovery(calculated)關鍵參數(shù)位置LocationofKeyParametersRO膜MEMBRANEPERMEATEREJECT高壓泵HIGHPRESSUREPUMP進水FEEDWATERSDI,FeedPressureFeedFlowRate,pH,Conductivity,Turbidity,Temperature,andBiocide(TFCelements)RejectPressureRejectFlowRate,ConductivityPermeateFlowRate,Conductivity,PermeatePressure,andBiocide(CAandTFCelements)控制工具的位置

LocationofKeyMonitoringToolsROUNITS離子交換IONEXCHANGE鍋爐BOILERS進水FEEDWATER筒式過濾器CARTRIDGEFILTERS沙過濾器SANDFILTERSORPORP顆?？刂芇ARTICLEMONITOR殘余聚合體測試RESIDUALPOLYMERTESTSDIROUNITS離子交換IONEXCHANGE鍋爐BOILERS進水FEEDWATERCARTRIDGEFILTERSCIPSKIDCLEANERS進消毒殺菌劑SANITIZERFEED進氯CHLORINEFEED進聚合體OLYMERFEED進酸性亞硫酸鹽BISULFITEFEEDSANDFILTERSACIDFEED進防水銹劑/防垢劑/ANTISCALANT/ANTIFOULANTFEED*SECONDARYPRIMARY*SECONDARY*當進水中離子水平>0.5ppm時推薦第二進水點Secondaryfeedpointsarerecommendedwhenironlevels>0.5ppminfeedPRIMARY第一、第二進水點的位置LocationofPrimaryandSecondaryFeedPoints原始數(shù)據(jù)比正?；蟮臄?shù)據(jù)RawDatavs.NormalizedData趨向數(shù)據(jù)TrendingData解決RO系統(tǒng)故障

TroubleshootinganROSystem檢查預處理控制系統(tǒng)Checkpretreatmentmonitoringsystem檢查儀表，校正Checkinstrumentcalibrationforaccuracy隔離RO問題部分IsolatethelocationofproblemROelements尋找性能失誤的可能原因 Investigatepossiblecausesofperformanceloss控制運行，保證問題解決 Monitorperformancetoassureproblemisfixed1/4”聚丙烯管TubingRO容器包括6個Elements探視RO容器ProbinganROVessel可采用的服務或工具

Services&ToolsAvailable降低能源,人工和清潔費用降低能源,人工和清潔費用降低能源,人工和清潔費用降低能顯示目錄,人工和清潔費用服務/工具特點FEATURES帶給客戶的價值VALUETOCUSTOMER顆?？刂破鱌articleMonitor·識別固體懸浮物·相對SDI更易使用··降低膜更換費用ORP·優(yōu)化亞硫酸鹽的使用·查探滲透水中的消毒殺菌劑·降低化學物處理費用·降低IE樹脂更換費用水分析WaterAnalysis·識別潛在污垢物質

(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有機物質)··降低膜更換費用SacrificialMembrane·識別水銹物和污垢物·使用低成本膜··降低膜更換費用ROTestSkid·評估chemicalprograms·進行pilottrials·降低化學物處理費用·降低/避免資產成本capitalcosts咨詢/檢測Consulting/Inspections·確認問題起因·識查新機會·降低運行成本·提高生產力,縮短停工期膜剖析MembraneAutopsy·識別水銹物和污垢物(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有機物質)··降低膜更換費用污染位置和影響

FoulingLocation&Impact

位置LocationofFoulinginROplants

Fouling

Wheredoesitoccurfirst

Scaling/silica

Lastmembranesinlaststage

Metaloxides

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Colloids

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Organic

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Biofouling(rapid)

Firstmembranesoffirststage

(slow)

Throughoutthewholeinstallation

根據(jù)對運行的影響識別污染Identifyingfoulingbyimpactonperformance

Fouling

NormalizedFlux

PressureDrop

SaltPassage

Where

Scaling

ˉ

-

YEnd

Metaloxides

?

Y

Y

Front

Colloids/silica

ˉ

-

-

Front/End

Organic

ˉ-

ˉ

Front

Biofouling

?

Y-

Front

使用運行變量

UsingthePerformanceVariables清潔RO系統(tǒng)的時間：TimetocleantheROsystemwhen:降低10-15%的正常化后滲透水的流速（運行的前200個小時后）10-15%decreaseinnormalizedpermeateflowrate(afterfirst200hoursofoperation),or降低1-2%的抗鹽率1-2%decreaseinpercentsaltrejection,or提高10-15%的壓差10-15%increaseindifferentialpressure正確的清潔維護

ProperCleaningMaintenance正?；瘽B透水流速NormalizedPermeateFlowrateTime當下降10-15%后清潔Cleaningafter10-15%decline下降10-15%后清潔最優(yōu)化RO運行性能Cleaningaftera10-15%DeclinemaximizesROperformance正?；瘽B透水流速NormalizedPermeateFlowrateTime不正確的清潔維護當下降>15%后清潔Cleaningafter>15%decline等太久再清潔,降低RO運行性能WaitingtoolongtocleanreducesROperformanceCleaning-In-Place(CIP)SkidLLPP清洗罐CleaningTank加熱器HeaterP壓力容器2:1PressureVessels滲透水Permeate濃鹽水ConcentrateBrine進水Feed筒式過濾器CartridgeFilter(5or10micron)再流通Recirculation采樣Sample最佳膜清潔作法

MembraneCleaningBestPractice一步一步StagebyStage正確的化學品使用方案RightChemicalProgram充足的流速SufficientFlowRate清潔時間CleaningDuration重開始運行時的問題Problemswhenbacktotheservice.維護RO的益處

BenefitsofMaintaininganRO

降低運行成本Reducedoperatingcosts

降低維護費用Reducedmaintenancecosts

縮短停工期Reduceddowntime

延長膜壽命Extendedmembranelife

提高水質和產量Improvedwaterqualityandoutput設計RO系統(tǒng)DesigningaROSystem我需要多少滲透水產量

HowmuchpermeateproductiondoIneed我需要怎樣的水質

WhatwaterqualitydoIneed是否對濃水有任何需要

Isthereanyusefortheconcentrate監(jiān)測控制裝

Monitoringandcontrolpackages我需要多少train

HowmanytrainsdoIneed進水溫度,變化,熱回收如何

Whatisthefeedwatertemperature,variation,heatrecovery進水質量如何

Whatisthefeedwaterquality 預處理Pretreatment過濾Filtration重力/壓力 Gravity/pressure多媒/綠砂 Multimedia/Greensand濾筒類型和尺寸 Cartridgetypeandsize微生物MicrobiopH值控制pHcontrol化學品使用Chemicalapplications分析器/自動操作Analyzers/automationORP/氯監(jiān)控ORP/chlorinemonitors膜處理方案

MembraneTreatmentProgram傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)用水的管理

ConventionalIndustrialWaterManagementSurfaceWater進水處理FeedWaterTreatment鍋爐Boiler澄清器Clarifier冷卻塔CoolingTowersProcessDis