版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityTwoTypesofCoffee
About90CoffeasppinAfricaArabica,C.arabicaTetraploid,selffertileEthiopiahighlands>1600m15-24°C1300mmBestqualitySusceptibletorustRobusta,C.canephoraDiploid,selfincompatibleRainforestofCongobasin<750m24-30°C1550mmLessflavor,acidityResistanttorustTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityTwoTypesofCoffee
About90CoffeasppinAfricaArabica,C.arabicaMediumsizetree14-20’tallMediumvigorLeavesSmallerThinnerSeedlingsuniformRobusta,C.canephoraMediumtolargetreeUpto32’tallVigorousLeavesLargerThickerSeedlingsvariableTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityDistributionofCultivatedCoffeeAmsterdamPariscanephoraarabicaYemen1710172516901700JavaMartinique1900TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityCoffeeProductionandYieldAfricaAfricaC.AmerC.AmerS.AmericaS.AmericaAsiaAsiaTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityWorldCoffeeProductionBrazil21.1%,arabicaOnlycountrywithfrostpossibilityincoffeezoneColombia13.9%,arabicaIndonesia7.3%,robustaOtherimportantproducingcountriesVietnam,Mexico,Ethiopia,India,Guatemala,IvoryCoast,Uganda1996datafromWilson,1999.Coffee,Cocoa,andTea.CABIPublishing.TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityMajorConsumersHighproportionimportedbydevelopedcountriesUSA 23%EEC 39%TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityTheSeedoftheFruitistheEconomicPart
ADrupelikeaPeachBothbeginbearingin3-4yearsTimetomaturefruitArabica,7-8monthsRobusta,11-12monthsProductivefor20-30yearsBothneedpruningforbestproductionTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityTheCoffeeFruitiscalledaCherryExocarpRedskinMesocarpSweetpulpEndocarp,hullTesta(silvery)Bean(embryoandcotyledons)TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityTheCoffeeFruitiscalledaCherryExocarpRedskinMesocarpSweetpulpEndocarp,hullTesta(silvery)Bean(embryoandcotyledons)Parchmentcoffeeisthebean,testa,endocarpFromWilson,1999.Coffee,Cocoa,andTea,CABIPublishing.TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityCoffeeTreeGrowthCycleDryand/orcoolseasonFloralinitiationReducedvegetativegrowthWetseasonFlowersopen,fruitsetandbegindevelopmentActivevegetativegrowthDryand/orcoolseasonFruitripenFlowerbudsinitiateReducedvegetativegrowthTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityCoffeeTreeGrowthHabitOrthotropicstemErectgrowthPlagiotropicstemsHorizontalsecondarystemsgrowingoffoforthotropicstemsThesearethefruitingwoodTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityCoffeeFarmersGrownundermanyconditionsPlantationsandsmallerfarmersUndershadeandinfullsunMonocultureandmixedfarmingsystemsTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityCoffeeProductionPropagationForarabicaMostisdonebyseedClonalpropagationHybridsRobustatypesTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityCoffeeProductionPlantingSlightlyacid(pH5.2to6.3)welldrainedsoilBeginningofwetseasonVerticalpositionor30°angleSpacing -needlightforfruitripeningArabica,1350trees/haRobusta,900-1000trees/haTimetofruitingTake3-4yearstoobtainmatureplantFruitonyearoldwoodTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityShadeandCoffeeProductionBothspeciesareunderstoreytreesWelladaptedtoshadeInitiallycoffeewasplantedundershadeSmallholdersmayusemixedfarmingLaterunshadedplantswereshowntoproducehigheryieldsTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityShadeandCoffeeProductionDatafromWilson,1999.Coffee,Cocoa,andTea,Figure6.4.Conclusion: Highinputsystem-betterwithfertilizer Lowinputsystem-notasessentialTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityCoffeeProductionTraining/PruningobjectivesMaximize#plagiotrophicstems(fruitingwood)ShapetreesMaximizeuseofspaceEaseofmanagementMaintainopentreetoallowgoodlightpenetrationMinimizebiennialbearingRemovediseasedanddeadwoodTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversitySingleStemTraining
(Centralleader)CutbackorthotropicstemEncouragesplagiotropicstemformationRepeatfor3-5yearsWitheachcyclethetreegetsbiggerLowerlimbsdieduetolackoflightRejuvenateafter3-5yearsToreducesizeoftreeCutbackto40-50cmheightTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversitySingleStemTraining
(Centralleader)CutbackorthotropicstemEncouragesplagiotropicstemformationSelectoneorthotropicasnewleaderRepeatfor3-5yearsWitheachcyclethetreegetsbiggerLowerlimbsdieduetolackoflightRejuvenateafter3-5yearsToreducesizeoftreeCutbackto40-50cmheightTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversitySingleStemTraining
(Centralleader)CutbackorthotropicstemEncouragesplagiotropicstemformationSelectoneorthotropicasnewleaderRepeatfor3-5yearsWitheachcyclethetreegetsbiggerLowerlimbsdieduetolackoflightRejuvenateafter3-5yearsToreducesizeoftreeCutbackto40-50cmheightTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityMultipleStemTraining
(ModifiedCentralLeader)Leave2-8orthotropicstemsPruningCutback(orbend)orthotropicstemEncouragesorthotropicstemformationSelectseveralorthotropicstemstobenewleadersEliminategrowthincenteroftreeTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityMultipleStemTraining
(ModifiedCentralLeader)Leave2-8orthotropicstemsPruningEliminategrowthincenteroftreeContinuesgrowingtallerCroppingareamoveshigherTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityMultipleStemTraining
(ModifiedCentralLeader)Leave2-8orthotropicstemsPruningCutoutwoodincenterContinuesgrowingtallerCroppingareamoveshigherRejuvenationevery4-6yearsNeedtolowerfruitingsurfaceAllowbasalsuckerstogrowTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityMultipleStemTraining
(ModifiedCentralLeader)Rejuvenationevery4-6yearsAllowsuckerstogrowRemoveoldbranchesStumpwith“l(fā)ung”O(jiān)ncesuckersbegintogrowremove“l(fā)ung”TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityHarvestMostdonebyhandRipeberriesonlyPickevery8-10daysInBrazil,allowcherriestodryontreeMachineharvestinBrazilOscillatingfingers7-9%immaturefruitFromWilson,1999.Coffee,Cocoa,andTea,CABIPublishing.TropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityDiseaseandPestsProblemsLossesduetodiseasesAfrica 15%Asia 10%S.Am. 12%Coffeerust(Hemeleiavastatrix)HistoryFirstinSriLankain1880NowthroughoutworldControlRobusta/hybridsresistantLessseriousabove1700mCufungicidesCoffeeBerryDisease(Colletotrichum)CauseberryrotTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityDiseaseandPestsProblemsInsertFig8.4,p87LossesduetopestsAfrica 20%Asia 15% S.Am. 15%CoffeeBerryBorerHistoryOriginateinAfricaNowthroughoutworldDamageLarvaefeedonbeanControlBerryremovalChemicalsIPMMonkeys,birdsFromWilson,1999.Coffee,Cocoa,andTea,CABIPublishing.CoffeeProcessingBeanProcessingdoneontheFarmTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityWetMethodStartonHarvestDaySeparatetrashanddefectiveberriesbyflotationGoodberriesaredepulpedsamedayFermentationOnlytoremovemucilaginouscoveringExcessiveheatdestroysflavorTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityWetMethodWashedWaterunderpressureDried-spreadouttodrySunArtificialheatBestqualityGivescoffeethatiscleaner,brighter,fruitier,betteracidityTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityDryMethod(NaturalMethod)
(Mosttraditionalandleastexpensive)Drying(Indonesia,Ethiopia,Brazil,Yemen)InitialdryingdoneontreesSpreadonconcrete,tileormattedsurface2”thickandconstantlyraked3-15daysuntilspecificmoisturePergaminoisdryandcrumblyTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityDryMethod
(Mosttraditionalandleastexpensive)RemovepericarpMortarandpestleormachine ChaffremovedviawinnowingandpickingSortedbysize,shape,densityandcolorPackedin60kgbagsforprocessingTropicalHorticulture-TexasA&MUniversityIndustrialProcessing
(Usuallybyimportingcompany)GradingprocessRedryandcleantheparchmentbeansbeforeusingRemovetesta(hullingandpolishing)SortonsizeanddensityRoasting(370°Fto540°F)RemovesmoistureLightroastlose3-5%moistureDarkroastlose8-14%moistureTime(upto30min)determinesflavorDecreasingtheamountofChlorogenicacidTrigonelline GrindingTropicalHo
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 物流及設施規(guī)劃課程設計
- 運算器的課程設計
- 素描圖形基本課程設計
- 邏輯認知小組課程設計
- 語文閱讀方法課程設計
- 自制衣架課程設計
- 螺絲頭冷墩機課程設計
- 職場成長規(guī)劃課程設計
- 陶瓷化課程設計
- 音樂課程設計初中部學生
- 【公開課】同一直線上二力的合成+課件+2024-2025學年+人教版(2024)初中物理八年級下冊+
- GB/T 10752-2005船用鋼管對焊接頭
- 酒店婚宴銷售年度工作計劃4篇
- 健康教育工作考核記錄表
- 裝飾工程施工技術ppt課件(完整版)
- SJG 05-2020 基坑支護技術標準-高清現(xiàn)行
- 汽車維修價格表
- 司爐崗位應急處置卡(燃氣)參考
- 10KV供配電工程施工組織設計
- 終端攔截攻略
- 藥物外滲處理及預防【病房護士安全警示教育培訓課件】--ppt課件
評論
0/150
提交評論