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Period5thePassiveVoice

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Unit2TheOlympicGames同心回中馬娟被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本認(rèn)知要點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)聚焦典型考題解析課時(shí)訓(xùn)練被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

高考考查形式：語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)學(xué)習(xí)策略

考點(diǎn)一：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合考點(diǎn)二：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟考點(diǎn)三：?？嫉膸追N被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)四：帶雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)五：省略的動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)六：特殊句式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)七：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式表被動(dòng)意義1.Thestudentswillfinishtheworkontime.2.Thecomputercanberepairedbyus.3.Theworkhasbeenfinishedontimebythestudents.4.Wearegoingtosellthecomputer.5.Amodelplanewasmadeforhissonbyhim.Passivevoice:2,3,5考點(diǎn)一：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常由“助動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。即be+p.p.(及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞).被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要使用的場(chǎng)合：（1）不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如：

Mybikewasstolenyesterday.我的自行車昨天被偷了。（并不知道是誰(shuí)偷了我的自行車）

Aknifeisusedforcuttingthings.刀是用來(lái)切東西的。（不必說(shuō)明刀子被誰(shuí)用）(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，使用“by＋執(zhí)行者”。如：

Thepenwasusedbymyfather.這支鋼筆被我父親使用過(guò)。

TheseathastakenbyTom.這個(gè)座位被湯姆占了。只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞如rise,come,go,takeplace,happen等，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意考點(diǎn)二：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟一、英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Englishisspokenbyus.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓變主,主變賓,前加by動(dòng)變被,看清be,結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+pp主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意（動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）（動(dòng)作承受著）二、主變被解題步驟:1.找賓語(yǔ)----即動(dòng)作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3.判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)----即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4.修改謂語(yǔ)的形式----即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞

made5.修改原句的主語(yǔ)----即by+主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ).bythem.Exercise:1.Mymothermadesomecakesforme.Somecakesweremadeforme(bymymother).2.Theyplantedmanyflowersinthegarden!Manyflowerswereplantedbytheminthegarden!3.Acarhitmypetcatthisafternoon.Mypetcatwashitbyacarthisafternoon.1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu)：S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞+......Eg.(2017浙江紹興)---Howcleanandtidyyourbedroomis!---Thankyou.It_______everyday.A.cleanB.iscleanedC.wascleanedD.iscleaning考點(diǎn)三：?？嫉膸追N被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)BHeridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：結(jié)構(gòu):S(主語(yǔ))+was/were+過(guò)去分詞Eg.

(2008河北)Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit_________?built

B.wasbuilt

C.hasbuilt

D.

hasbeenbuilt考點(diǎn)三：常考的幾種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)B3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：結(jié)構(gòu)：S+have(has)+been+過(guò)去分詞Eg.（2018徐州）

Ourclassroom_______,youneedn'tcleanitnow.A.hasbeencleanedB.havebeencleanedC.hascleanedD.wascleaned考點(diǎn)三：?？嫉膸追N被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)B4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：結(jié)構(gòu)：S+am/are/is+being+過(guò)去分詞Eg.（2016重慶）Heisreadinganovel.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))---Anovelisbeingreadbyhim.考點(diǎn)三：?？嫉膸追N被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)D5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：結(jié)構(gòu)：S+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞Eg.（2006重慶）

Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust_______downtoomanytrees.StoptocutB.stopfromcuttingC.bekeptcuttingD.bestoppedfromcutting考點(diǎn)三：常考的幾種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)Dstopsb.fromdoingsth.6.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+goingtobe+過(guò)去分詞+（by+）(主語(yǔ))

+will+be+過(guò)去分詞+(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)

（主語(yǔ)為第一人稱）+shall+be+過(guò)去分詞+(by+......)(2016江西)Thevillageisbuildingaschool.Ihopeit_____beforeAugustthisyear.A.FinishesB.willfinishC.isfinishedD.willbefinished考點(diǎn)三：?？嫉膸追N被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)D各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)情況：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)：am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneshall/willbedonebegoingtobedonewould/should+be+done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done1.Itisknowntoallthatthe32ndWinterOlympicGames

(hold)inBejingin2022.2.—Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?—Personally，Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbutnever

(replace)．3.Thecomputerdesignproblem

(discuss)thisafternoon.4.Thewords(forget)ifyoudon’tgooverthemforseveraldays.Exercises:Fillintheblacks.willbeheldwillbereplacedwillbediscussedwillbeforgottenboththesummerandthewinterolympicsareheldeveryfouryearsthewinterolympicsusuallyheldtwoyearsbeforethesummerolympicsiknowthatin2022thewinterolympicsaretobeheldinmyhoetownogchinathestudentsaregoingtocleantheclassroom.Findoutthecorrectsentences.1.BoththeSummerandtheWinterOlympicsareheldeveryfouryears.2.Iknowthatin2022theWinterOlympicsaretobeheldinmyhometownofChina.3.Thestudentsaregoingtocleantheclassroomafterschool.→Theclassroomisgoingtobecleanedbythestudentsafterschool.考點(diǎn)四：帶雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、將表示人的間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，而表示物的直接賓語(yǔ)位置不變。如：Shegavemeapenyesterday.Iwasgivenapenyesterdaybyher.2、將表示物的直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，則原間接賓語(yǔ)前須加介詞to或for。如：Shegavemeapenyesterday.Apenwasgiventomeyesterdaybyher.注意主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，當(dāng)把表示物的直接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有的間接賓語(yǔ)前用to，有的間接賓語(yǔ)前用for。一來(lái)講動(dòng)詞do,make,buy,cook,get等用for，而give,pass等用to?？键c(diǎn)五：省略的動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，一些表示感官或使役意義的動(dòng)詞，如：hear,watch,see,feel,notice,listento,lookat,let,make,have和help等后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但當(dāng)這樣的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須把省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)補(bǔ)出來(lái)。如：Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursaday.Theyweremadetoworkfor16hoursaday.注意如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中的感官動(dòng)詞事動(dòng)詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞形式不作任何變動(dòng)。如（2008湖北）He____intheclassroomjustnow.He____betherenow.A.heardtosing,mayB.washeardsing,mustC.Heardsing,mustD.washeardtosing,may考點(diǎn)六：特殊句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中若有名詞、形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)位置不變，但句子成分變了，即變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.2、許多不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞后構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可把動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)分開(kāi)，也不可漏掉動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞或副詞。如：Sheturnedofftheradio.Theradiowasturnedoff(byher).Healwaystakescareofhissister.Hissisterisalwaystakencareof(byhim).考點(diǎn)六：特殊句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3、含的賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)合句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常使用原賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)。如：（2008江西）---I’dliketoborrowabook.Itsnameis“Chicken,Run”.---Letmefinditonthecomputer.Hereitis.It____Katehasgotit.A.SaysB.issaidC.hassaidD.wassaid考點(diǎn)六：特殊句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)B考點(diǎn)七：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式表被動(dòng)意義1、動(dòng)詞need,want以及短語(yǔ)be(well)worth等后常接動(dòng)名詞，以主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。如：Theroomneedscleaning.Mycoatwantswashing.動(dòng)詞need,want后接動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)含義，且句子的主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Mycoatwantswashing.=Mycoatwantstobewashed.注意2、“have(has)+名詞（代詞）及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”意思是請(qǐng)某人做某事，短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞have(has)在這里含有使;讓等意思，即用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：I’llhavemyhaircutthisevening.今天晚上我要理發(fā)。Ihavehadmyclotheswashed.我已經(jīng)找人把我的衣服洗了。考點(diǎn)七：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式表被動(dòng)意義3、在由系動(dòng)詞look,feel,smell,taste,sound,get,turn,becomeseem,grow等接形容詞作表語(yǔ)的句子中，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義（即不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Thefoodlooksnicebuttastesbad.這種食物看起來(lái)好看，但吃起來(lái)難吃。Yourplansoundsgood.你的計(jì)劃聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)七：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式表被動(dòng)意義4、某些表示主語(yǔ)的質(zhì)地、自身特征睥動(dòng)詞，如write,wash,sell,read,drive,clean,cook等，當(dāng)它們和副詞well或easily連用時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。這些動(dòng)詞在這種情況下，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Theshopopensatsixinthemorning.這家商店上午6點(diǎn)開(kāi)門。Thepenwriteswell.這支鋼筆寫起來(lái)流暢。如：（2008湖北）Theseapples_____wellbecausethey_____nice.aresoldB.sell,lookC.sell,arelookedD.aresold,arelooked考點(diǎn)七：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式表被動(dòng)意義BTheysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.（據(jù)說(shuō)，據(jù)報(bào)道......）類似的還有：

Itisreported/Itisbelieved/Itishoped/Itissupposedthat......Wereport1).不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：2)表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！菊縇ookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：4.系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)這魚(yú)味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.5.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

4.某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。這書(shū)很好賣。這種布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.這書(shū)賣完了。Thebook

issol