2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省肇慶市封開縣高二下學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題原卷版+解析版無聽力部分

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年廣東省肇慶市封開縣高二下學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題（原卷版+解析版，無聽力部分）2022-2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期聯(lián)合教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測

高二級英語試卷

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.試卷共8頁，答題卷共3頁，考試時(shí)間：120分鐘，卷面滿分：120分。

2.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名與考生號、試室號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。

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4.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)

的相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液。不按要求作答的答案無效。

5.請不要褶皺答題卡，以免無法掃描。

第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

Anincreasingnumberofstudentsworldwideareconsideringstudyingabroad.Theapplicationprocessvariesfromcountrytocountry.Ifyou’relookingforauniversitywithastronginternationaloutlookbutfeelsweptoverbyalltheapplicationoptions,hereissomeguidancetogetyoustarted.

UK

InternationalstudentsmustapplytouniversitiesintheUKthroughasystemknownasUcas.Thissystemallowsstudentstoapplytouptofiveuniversitieswithjustoneapplication.Itcosts20forasinglechoiceor25formorethanonechoice.

Theapplicationconsistsofaseriesofquestionstodeterminethestudent’sschoolingandpredictedgrades.Thebiggestpartoftheapplicationformisthepersonalstatement,inwhichapplicantsshoulddescribetheirpersonalinterestsandrelatedexperiences.

Switzerland

Switzerlandhasfourofficiallanguagesandisborderedbyfivecountriessoitisnosurprisethatitsuniversitiesareamongthemostinternationalintheworld.Internationalapplicantsmayneedtotakeanentranceexamiftheyhaveaforeignschoolcertificate,andmustalsoprovethattheyhaveagoodgraspoftheFrenchlanguage,usuallythroughtakingalanguageexam.Thefullapplicationcosts50SwissFrancsforaholderofaSwissdiplomaand150SwissFrancsforholdersofforeigndiplomas.

Canada

Internationalapplicantshavetowriteupapersonalprofileaspartoftheirapplication,whichisverysimilartothepersonalstatementrequiredforaUKuniversityapplication.StudentswillalsohavetoprovetheirEnglish-languagecompetency—thereareninewaystomeettheEnglishLanguageAdmissionStandard,whicharelistedonmanyuniversitywebsites.

Singapore

TheprocessofapplyingtoaSingaporeanuniversityisverymuchalike,butoverseasstudentsmaybedelightedtofindthatthedomesticapplicantshavetocoverthesameprocedures:fillingoutanonlineapplicationformandsubmitidentificationdocuments,supportingdocumentsandanapplicationfeeofS$20.

1.WhichcountryrequiresinternationalapplicantsknowFrenchwell

A.UK.B.Switzerland.

C.Canada.D.Singapore.

2.WhatpartoftheapplicationissimilarbetweentheUKandCanada

A.Theapplicationsystem.B.Thenumberofuniversities.

C.Theapplicationcost.D.Thepersonalstatement.

3.What’sspecialabouttheapplicationprocessinSingapore

A.Applicantsneedtopayalot.B.Itismuchsimplerthanelsewhere.

C.It’snodifferentfornativestudents.D.Thecompetitionisevenmorefierce.

【答案】1.B2.D3.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要對出境留學(xué)學(xué)生辦理的申請手續(xù)進(jìn)行了介紹，舉例說明英國，瑞士，加拿大和新加坡的留學(xué)申請注意事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對比。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Switzerland部分內(nèi)容“Internationalapplicantsmayneedtotakeanentranceexamiftheyhaveaforeignschoolcertificate,andmustalsoprovethattheyhaveagoodgraspoftheFrenchlanguage,usuallythroughtakingalanguageexam.(國際申請者如果有外國學(xué)校的證書，可能需要參加入學(xué)考試，還必須證明他們對法語有很好的掌握，通常是通過參加語言考試。)”可知，瑞士要求申請者掌握法語。故選B項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Canada部分內(nèi)容“Internationalapplicantshavetowriteupapersonalprofileaspartoftheirapplication,whichisverysimilartothepersonalstatementrequiredforaUKuniversityapplication.(國際申請者在申請時(shí)必須填寫個(gè)人資料，這與英國大學(xué)申請時(shí)的個(gè)人陳述非常相似。)”可知，在個(gè)人陳述資料方面，英國和加拿大的申請部分相似。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Singapore部分內(nèi)容“TheprocessofapplyingtoaSingaporeanuniversityisverymuchalike,butoverseasstudentsmaybedelightedtofindthatthedomesticapplicantshavetocoverthesameprocedures(申請新加坡大學(xué)的程序大同小異，但海外學(xué)生可能會(huì)很高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)，國內(nèi)申請人必須經(jīng)過與他們同樣的程序)”可知，新加坡的申請過程的特殊之處在于境外學(xué)生與國內(nèi)學(xué)生申請流程相同。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

Movingcanbedaunting–whetherit’stoanewcityoranentirelynewcountry.ThegoodnewsVolunteeringcanbeagreatwaytosettleintoanewcommunity,meetpeople,andlearnvaluableskills.

KajalPatilmovedtotheUnitedStatesfromIndiainFebruary2023.Havingpreviouslyvolunteeredfortwoyearsasanassistantyogateacherinherhomecountry,Kajalwasenthusiasticaboutvolunteeringandbeganlookingforvolunteeropportunitiesthatmatchherinterests.ShewasdrawntoavolunteeropportunitytoreviewapplicationsonbehalfoftheYoungLeadersoftheAmericasInitiative(YLAI),whichaimstohelpLatinAmericanandCaribbeanbusinesstobringpositivechangestotheirsocietiesandcontributemorefullytoeconomicdevelopment,prosperityandsecurityinthoseplaces.

Afterconnectingwiththeopportunityandsuccessfullycompletingtheapplicationprocess,Kajalgottowork.Herroleinvolvedreviewing44in-depthapplicationsfrompotentialcandidatesacrossLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanforafour-weekfellowshipintheU.S..Shewasresponsiblefordescribingthebusinessideaspresentedbythesecandidates,assessingthesocialimpactoftheirbusinesses,anddeterminingthestrengthofcandidatestocarryouttheirplans.Withalmost4,000applicantsin2023,volunteerslikeKajalwereimportantmembersoftheYLAIteam.

Kajalsaysthatthisvolunteeropportunitysuper-chargedherexistingskills,whilehelpingherbuildnewonessuchastimemanagement,businessanalysis,decision-making,planning,andpresenting.

SheisnowlookingforhernextvolunteeropportunityandreflectspositivelyonherexperiencewithYLAI.“Anewcountrybringsinalotofnewexperiencesandvolunteeringhelpedmetosettleintoanewenvironment,”addsKajal.“Byhelpingothers,Ifeltneededinsociety.Itpromotedmyconfidence,andotherpeoplebenefitedtoo.Volunteeringisagreatopportunitytoimproveyourself,others,andthewholesociety.”

Whetheryourecentlymovedtoanewplaceorarelookingtoexpandyourinfluenceonyourcurrentcommunity,findavolunteeropportunitytoempoweryourself,andothers.

4.WhatdoweknowaboutKajal

A.Sheisanexperiencedvolunteer.

B.ShereceivededucationintheU.S..

C.Shefoundedavolunteerorganization.

D.Sheworkedasaprofessionalyogateacher.

5.WhatwasincludedinKajal’svoluntaryworkforYLAI

A.Carryingouttheselectedbusinessplans.

B.Assessingtheapplicationsofcandidates.

C.Helpingcandidatesthinkupbusinessideas.

D.Simplifyingcandidates’applicationprocess.

6.WhatdoesKajalthinkofvolunteering

A.Itcontributestolocaleconomy.

B.Itfocusesonskillsdevelopment.

C.Ithelpsdeveloppeople’sinterests.

D.Itbenefitsindividualsandsociety.

7.Whatisthepurposeofthistext

A.Toshareexperienceofvolunteering.

B.TorecognizethecontributionofYLAI.

C.Tosuggestawaytosettleintoanewplace.

D.Toevaluatethebenefitsofvolunteeringabroad.

【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了Kajal做志愿者的一些經(jīng)歷及她從中學(xué)到的一些東西。向人們提出了一個(gè)適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的方法。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Havingpreviouslyvolunteeredfortwoyearsasanassistantyogateacherinherhomecountry,Kajalwasenthusiasticaboutvolunteeringandbeganlookingforvolunteeropportunitiesthatmatchherinterests.（此前，Kajal在自己的祖國做了兩年的志愿者，擔(dān)任助理瑜伽老師。她對志愿者工作充滿熱情，并開始尋找符合自己興趣的志愿者機(jī)會(huì)）”可知，Kajal在做志愿者方面是經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的，故選A。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Herroleinvolvedreviewing44in-depthapplicationsfrompotentialcandidatesacrossLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanforafour-weekfellowshipintheU.S..（她的任務(wù)是詳盡地審查來自拉丁美洲和加勒比地區(qū)的44份潛在候選人申請，這些申請是為了參加為期四周的米國獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金項(xiàng)目）”可知，Kajal在YLAI的工作包括了評估候選人的申請，故選B。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“Volunteeringisagreatopportunitytoimproveyourself,others,andthewholesociety.（志愿服務(wù)是一個(gè)提升自己、提升他人、提升整個(gè)社會(huì)的好機(jī)會(huì)）”可知，Kajal認(rèn)為志愿服務(wù)對個(gè)人和社會(huì)都有好處。故選D。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Volunteeringcanbeagreatwaytosettleintoanewcommunity,meetpeople,andlearnvaluableskills.（志愿活動(dòng)是一個(gè)很好的方式來適應(yīng)一個(gè)新的社區(qū)，認(rèn)識人，學(xué)習(xí)寶貴的技能）”以及最后一段的“Whetheryourecentlymovedtoanewplaceorarelookingtoexpandyourinfluenceonyourcurrentcommunity,findavolunteeropportunitytoempoweryourself,andothers.（無論你是最近搬到一個(gè)新地方，還是想要擴(kuò)大你在當(dāng)前社區(qū)的影響力，找一個(gè)志愿者的機(jī)會(huì)來增強(qiáng)你自己和其他人的能力）”可知，文章的目的是提出一個(gè)適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的方法。故選C。

C

WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,continuetostaythinNowastudybyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestylesanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.

AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezed(擠壓)betweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycanned(灌裝)andfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench,instead,tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers’marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal.

AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrenchWomenDon’tGetFat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarely(很少地)goestothegym.

Inspiteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestylechangesmaybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesity(肥胖)—orextremeoverweight—amongadultsisonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptance(認(rèn)可)andtheyoungdeclineoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%—andisgrowing.

8.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,inwhatwayaretheFrenchdifferentfromAmericans

A.Theycan’tsensewhenactuallyfull.

BTheyregardeatingasakeypartoftheirlifestyle.

C.Theyusuallyeattoomuchcannedandfrozenfood.

D.Theygoshoppingathugesupermarketsmorefrequently.

9.Onhowtostayslim,MireilleGuilianoprobablyagreesthat____________.

A.onehastogotothegymeveryday

B.onehastoknowhowtoeatmuchfood

C.wheneating,oneshouldknowwhentostop

D.wheneating,onehastoemptyhisplateeverytime

10.Theunderlinedword“decline”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.

A.defendB.traceC.citeD.refuse

11.Thetextismainlyabouttherelationshipbetween____________.

A.lifestyleandobesityB.childrenandadults

C.fastfoodandoverweightD.AmericansandtheFrench

【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了米國和法國生活方式的不同，以及他們的生活方式與肥胖之間的關(guān)系。以為什么米國人在與肥胖作斗爭而法國人享受著美食且保持身材苗條引出話題，并展開討論。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.(據(jù)健康專家JosephMercola博士介紹，法國人將飲食視為他們生活方式的重要組成部分。)”可知，JosephMercola博士認(rèn)為，法國人和米國人的不同之處在于法國人認(rèn)為飲食是他們生活方式的重要組成部分。故選B。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrenchWomenDon’tGetFat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.(《法國女人不會(huì)發(fā)胖》一書的MireilleGuiliano在訪問米國后，決定寫一篇關(guān)于知道何時(shí)停止而不是建議如何避免食物的重要性的文章。)”可知，關(guān)于如何保持苗條，MireilleGuiliano可能同意在吃東西的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該知道什么時(shí)候停下來。故選C。

【10題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptance(認(rèn)可)(隨著米國快餐越來越被接受)”以及后文“oldertraditions(老傳統(tǒng))”可知，隨著米國快餐逐漸被接受，年輕人逐漸拒絕傳統(tǒng)。由此可知，線詞意思是“拒絕”，和refuse意思相近。故選D。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段中“ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.(研究人員得出結(jié)論，法國人在感到飽的時(shí)候往往會(huì)停止進(jìn)食。然而，米國人往往在他們的盤子空了或他們最喜歡的電視節(jié)目結(jié)束時(shí)停下來。)”可知，本文主要介紹了米國和法國的生活方式的不同，而且米國的飲食方式容易造成肥胖，而法國的飲食方式可保持身體苗條，也就是主要介紹的生活方式與肥胖之間的關(guān)系。故選A。

D

WithalmostallbigemployersintheUnitedStatesnowusingartificialintelligence(AI)andautomationintheirhiringprocesses,thepublicisconsideringsomeurgentquestions:HowcanyoupreventdiscriminationinhiringwhenamachineiskeepingthediscriminationWhatkindofmethodsmighthelp

Some83%ofemployers,including99%ofFortune500companies,nowusesomeformofautomatedtoolsaspartoftheirhiringprocess,saidtheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission’s(EEOC)chairCharlotteBurrowsatahearingonTuesday.Shesaideveryoneneedstospeakuponthedebateoverthesetechnologies.“Therisksaresimplytoohightoleavethistopicjusttotheexperts.”

Lastyear,theEEOCissuedsomeguidancearoundtheuseofcutting-edgehiringtools,notingmanyoftheirshortcomings.Theagencyfoundthatresume(簡歷)scannersthatprioritizekeywordsandprogramsthatevaluateacandidate’sfacialexpressionsandspeechpatternsinvideointerviewscancreatediscrimination.Take,forexample,‘a(chǎn)videointerviewthatanalyzesanapplicant’sspeechpatternstodeterminetheirabilitytosolveproblems.Apersonwithaspeechproblemmightscorelowandautomaticallybescreenedout.TheproblemwillbefortheEEOCtorootoutdiscrimination-orstopitfromtakingplace.

TheEEOCisconsideringthemostappropriatewaystohandletheproblem.It’sagreedthatinspectionsarenecessarytoensurethatthesoftwareusedbycompaniesavoidsintentionalorunintentionaldiscrimination.Butwhowouldconductthoseinspectionsisamorechallengingquestion.Eachoptionpresentsrisks,Burrowspointedout.Athirdpartymayturnablindeyetoitsclients,whileagovernment-ledinspectioncouldpotentiallystopinnovation.

Inpreviousremarks,BurrowshasnotedthegreatpotentialthatAIdecision-makingtoolshavetoimprovethelivesofAmericans,butonlywhenusedproperly.“Wemustworktoensurethatthesenewtechnologiesdonotbecomeahigh-techpathwaytodiscrimination,”shesaid.

12.WhatdoesBurrowssuggest,peopledo

A.Maketheirownvoiceheard.

B.Followtheexperts’suggestions.

C.StopusingAIinhiringprocesses.

D.Watchdebatesabouttechnologies.

13.Howmightprogramsinvideointerviewsselectemployees

A.Byscanningkeywords.

B.Byevaluatingresumes.

C.Byanalyzingpersonalities.

D.Byinterpretingspeechpatterns.

14.Whatisapossibleconsequenceofthird-partyinspections

A.Highexpense.

B.Unfairresults.

C.Agediscrimination.

D.Innovationinterruption.

15.WhatisBurrows’sattitudetoAIdecision-makingtools

A.Favorable.B.Disapproving.

C.Objective.D.Doubtful.

【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是由于米國幾乎所有的大雇主都在招聘過程中使用人工智能和自動(dòng)化，公眾正在考慮一些緊迫的問題：當(dāng)機(jī)器保持歧視時(shí)，如何防止招聘時(shí)的歧視以及什么方法會(huì)有所幫助。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Shesaideveryoneneedstospeakuponthedebateoverthesetechnologies.“Therisksaresimplytoohightoleavethistopicjusttotheexperts.”(她說，每個(gè)人都需要就有關(guān)這些技術(shù)的辯論進(jìn)行公開發(fā)言?！帮L(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)在是太高了，不能把這個(gè)問題只留給專家們。”)”可知Burrows建議人們就有關(guān)這些技術(shù)的辯論進(jìn)行公開發(fā)言，即Burrows建議人們讓人聽到他們自己的聲音。故選A項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theagencyfoundthatresume(簡歷)scannersthatprioritizekeywordsandprogramsthatevaluateacandidate’sfacialexpressionsandspeechpatternsinvideointerviewscancreatediscrimination.Take,forexample,‘a(chǎn)videointerviewthatanalyzesanapplicant’sspeechpatternstodeterminetheirabilitytosolveproblems.(該機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在視頻面試中，優(yōu)先考慮關(guān)鍵詞和程序的簡歷掃描儀可能會(huì)造成歧視。例如，“一個(gè)視頻面試，分析申請人的語言模式，以確定他們解決問題的能力。)”可知視頻采訪中的程序通過分析申請人的語言模式來選擇員工。故選D項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“It’sagreedthatinspectionsarenecessarytoensurethatthesoftwareusedbycompaniesavoidsintentionalorunintentionaldiscrimination.Butwhowouldconductthoseinspectionsisamorechallengingquestion.Eachoptionpresentsrisks,Burrowspointedout.Athirdpartymayturnablindeyetoitsclients,whileagovernment-ledinspectioncouldpotentiallystopinnovation.(大家一致認(rèn)為有必要進(jìn)行檢查，以確保公司使用的軟件能夠避免故意或無意的歧視。但誰來進(jìn)行這些檢查則是一個(gè)更具挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。Burrows指出，每一種選擇都存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。第三方可能會(huì)對其客戶視而不見，而政府主導(dǎo)的檢查也可能會(huì)阻止創(chuàng)新。)”可知第三方會(huì)對客戶視而不見，所以可以推測第三方的檢查結(jié)果可能會(huì)帶來不公平的結(jié)果。故選B項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inpreviousremarks,BurrowshasnotedthegreatpotentialthatAIdecision-makingtoolshavetoimprovethelivesofAmericans,butonlywhenusedproperly.“Wemustworktoensurethatthesenewtechnologiesdonotbecomeahigh-techpathwaytodiscrimination,”shesaid.(在之前的講話中，Burrows指出，決策工具使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑捑哂懈纳泼讎松畹木薮鬂摿?。她說：“我們必須努力確保這些新技術(shù)不會(huì)成為導(dǎo)致歧視的高科技途徑。”)”可知Burrows認(rèn)為人工智能決策工具如果使用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑捑哂锌梢愿纳泼讎松畹臐摿?，所以Burrows對于人工智能決策工具的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whenwe’rebored,mostofusendupbeinggluedtoaphone.Thatmighteaseourboredom.____16____Thattimecould’vebeenspentonadifferent,morevaluableactivity.Thefollowingwillhelpeaseyourboredom,andteachyoutousetimemoreproductively.

Reading.

____17____That’sbecausetheywereforcedtoreadatschool.Butwhenyouhavetheoptiontochoosewhichbookyou’regoingtoread,youcanunderstandwhyit’senjoyable.Notonlycanithelpeaseyourboredom,it’salsooneofthebestwaystoexpandyourknowledge.

____18____

Peopleoftenforgetwhythey’repursingsomethinginthefirstplace.Somemaynotevenbesurewhatthey’resupposedtobedoingintheirdailylife.Thislackofdirectionthenoftenshowsupasboredom.That’swhyhavinggoalsisimportant.

Exercise.

Exerciseisgoodandshouldbedonefrequently.____19____Mostpeoplewhoexercisedoittolookbetterinthemirror.Butthere’sanotherreasonwhyyoushouldexercise,itimprovesourbrainfunction.

Cleaningupyourroom.

Takealookaroundrightnow.Chancesarethatthespaceyou’rein,isfarfromclean.However,youhavetochangethat,asourphysicalenvironmenthasahugeimpactonourcognition,behavioranddecisionmaking.____20____Butonceweremoveallthisvisualmessfromourenvironment,we’reabletofocusandprocessinformationmuchbetter.

A.Pursuingadream.

B.Planningandgoalsetting.

C.Butthere’sanopportunitycost.

D.Mostpeopleonlydoreadingafterschool.

E.Butforsomereason,noteveryonedoesit.

F.Whenoursurroundingsareamess,soarewe.

G.Mostpeopledon’treadanythingafterthey’vefinishedschool.

【答案】16.C17.G18.B19.E20.F

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)在我們無聊的時(shí)候做的事情，這些比起玩手機(jī)更有意義。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Thatmighteaseourboredom.(這也許能緩解我們的無聊。)”可知玩手機(jī)有一定好處；根據(jù)后文“Thattimecould’vebeenspentonadifferent,morevaluableactivity.(這些時(shí)間本可以花在其他更有價(jià)值的活動(dòng)上。)”可知，玩手機(jī)的時(shí)間其實(shí)被浪費(fèi)了，即玩手機(jī)的時(shí)候也錯(cuò)過了“使用這些時(shí)間做其他有意義的事情”的機(jī)會(huì)，即這樣做存在機(jī)會(huì)成本。C項(xiàng)“Butthere’sanopportunitycost.(但這是有機(jī)會(huì)成本的。)”和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折；后文是對C項(xiàng)的進(jìn)一步解釋說明。因此C項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“That’sbecausetheywereforcedtoreadatschool.(那是因?yàn)樗麄儽黄仍趯W(xué)校讀書。)”可知，人們在學(xué)校被迫讀書，在校外不愿意讀書。G項(xiàng)“Mostpeopledon’treadanythingafterthey’vefinishedschool.(大多數(shù)人畢業(yè)后什么都不讀。)”符合語境，且后文“they”指代G項(xiàng)中“Mostpeople”。故選G項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“That’swhyhavinggoalsisimportant.(這就是為什么有目標(biāo)很重要。)”可知本段主題強(qiáng)調(diào)樹立目標(biāo)的重要性。B項(xiàng)“Planningandgoalsetting.(計(jì)劃和目標(biāo)設(shè)定。)”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。

【19題詳解】

前文“Exerciseisgoodandshouldbedonefrequently.(運(yùn)動(dòng)是好的，應(yīng)該經(jīng)常做。)”說明做運(yùn)動(dòng)有好處且應(yīng)該經(jīng)常做。根據(jù)第二段“That’sbecausetheywereforcedtoreadatschool.(那是因?yàn)樗麄儽黄仍趯W(xué)校讀書。)和第三段“Somemaynotevenbesurewhatthey’resupposedtobedoingintheirdailylife.(有些人甚至不確定他們在日常生活中應(yīng)該做什么。)”可知，在每段給出的建議下，都說明了很多人在現(xiàn)實(shí)中不這樣做。因此本段建議運(yùn)動(dòng)，現(xiàn)實(shí)中有些人不運(yùn)動(dòng)。E項(xiàng)“Butforsomereason,noteveryonedoesit.(但出于某種原因，并不是每個(gè)人都這樣做。)”說明有些人不定期運(yùn)動(dòng)，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)“Cleaningupyourroom.(打掃你的房間。)”和后文“Butonceweremoveallthisvisualmessfromourenvironment,we’reabletofocusandprocessinformationmuchbetter.(但一旦我們把這些視覺上的混亂從我們的環(huán)境中移除，我們就能更好地集中注意力和處理信息。)”可知，本段主題為要打掃房間，擁有一個(gè)整潔的生活環(huán)境。F項(xiàng)“Whenoursurroundingsareamess,soarewe.(當(dāng)我們周圍的環(huán)境一團(tuán)糟時(shí)，我們自己也一樣。)”說明了整潔環(huán)境的重要性，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。

第二部分語言知識及應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

WhenIwasnineyearsoldIlovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwasn’tvery____21____aboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn’t.Iusuallygot____22____andkeptaskinghimwhy.Healwaysanswered,“Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish.”Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause“I’mnotafish!”Ididn’tknowhowto____23____thesamethought.Besides,I____24____,howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishdoes

AsIgotalittleolderIbegantounderstandwhatmydadreally____25____.SoIreadsomebooksonfish.AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstartedattendingtheirmeetings____26____.Ilearnedthatafishisacold-bloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowater____27____.Thatiswhyfish____28____shallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.Besides,waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanintheshade.Yet,fishdon’thaveanyeyelids(眼皮)andthesun____29____theireyes.ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingand____30____them.

WhenIgrewupandenteredthe____31____circles,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklike____32____.”Butitdidn’tcompletely____33____.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”Yearslater,withgreateffortstoprovidelong-term____34____tocustomersmucholderandricherthanme,Icametorealizewhatweallneedistothinkmorelikethegroupthatwe____35____.

21.A.contentB.funC.normalD.typical

22.A.amazedB.confusedC.curiousD.upset

23.A.shareB.strikeC.predictD.read

24.A.addedB.knewC.reasonedD.realized

25.A.saidB.experiencedC.meantD.claimed

26.A.locallyB.finallyC.regularlyD.usually

27.A.qualityB.depthC.heightD.temperature

28.A.leaveB.preferC.adjustD.turn

29.A.protectsB.catchesC.hurtsD.reaches

30.A.enjoyingB.fishingC.studyingD.catching

31.A.businessB.agricultureC.governmentD.administration

32.A.customersB.salespeopleC.fishermenD.bosses

33.A.makesenseB.makeprogressC.takeeffectD.takeplace

34.A.businessB.cooperationC.connectionsD.services

35.A.meetB.targetC.trustD.form

【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.C26.C27.D28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.A34.D35.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了小時(shí)候父親教釣魚，告訴他像魚一樣思考才能釣到魚，多年后進(jìn)入商界的通過父親的話并結(jié)合多年的實(shí)踐認(rèn)識到應(yīng)該像客戶一樣思考。

【21題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但唯一無趣的是，他能釣到很多魚，而我什么也釣不到。A.content滿足的；B.fun有趣的；C.normal正常的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)后文“hecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn’t.”可知，因?yàn)楦赣H釣到魚，釣不到，所以感到無趣。故選B。

【22題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我通常變得沮喪，不停地問他為什么。A.amazed吃驚的；B.confused困惑的；C.curious好奇的；D.upset沮喪的，不安的。聯(lián)系前文可知釣不到魚，所以心情很沮喪。故選D。

【23題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道如何分享同樣的想法。A.share分享；B.strike碰撞；C.predict預(yù)測；D.read閱讀。根據(jù)前文“I’mnotafish!”可知，沒法認(rèn)為自己是一條魚，所以不知道如何分享同樣的想法，指“像魚一樣思考”。故選A。

【24題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我思忖著，我的想法怎么會(huì)影響魚的行為呢？A.added補(bǔ)充說；B.knew知道；C.reasoned推論；D.realized意識到。根據(jù)空后的“howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishdoes”可知，在想的想法怎么會(huì)影響魚的行為呢？用reason一詞突出了的不解，故選C。

【25題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長，我開始明白我父親的意思。A.said說；B.experienced經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)；C.meant意思是；D.claimed宣稱。這里指的是父親讓他像魚一樣思考的意思。故選C。

【26題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我甚至加入了當(dāng)?shù)氐尼烎~俱樂部，并開始定期參加他們的會(huì)議。A.locally在本地；B.finally最后；C.regularly定期地；D.usually通常地。根據(jù)前文“AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclub”可知，因?yàn)榧尤肓水?dāng)?shù)氐尼烎~俱樂部，所以會(huì)定期地參加俱樂部會(huì)議。故選C。

【27題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道魚是冷血?jiǎng)游铮虼藢λ疁胤浅Ｃ舾?。A.quality質(zhì)量；B.depth深度；C.height高度；D.temperature溫度。根據(jù)前文“afishisacold-bloodedanimal”可知，因?yàn)轸~是冷血?jiǎng)游铮詫λ疁孛舾?。且下文“Thatiswhyfish8shallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.”談到的也是水溫問題。故選D。

【28題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是為什么魚喜歡淺水而不是深水，因?yàn)榍罢吒鼫嘏?。A.leave離開；B.prefer偏愛；C.adjust適應(yīng)；D.turn轉(zhuǎn)身。根據(jù)后文“becausetheformeriswarmer.”可知，因?yàn)闇\水區(qū)更溫暖，所以魚偏愛淺水區(qū)。故選B。

【29題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，魚沒有眼皮，陽光會(huì)傷害它們的眼睛。A.protects保護(hù)；B.catches抓??；C.hurts傷害；D.reaches到達(dá)。根據(jù)常識和前文“fishdon’thaveanyeyelids(眼皮)”可知，因?yàn)轸~沒有眼皮，所以陽光會(huì)傷害到它的眼睛。故選C。

【30題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我越了解魚，我就越能準(zhǔn)確地發(fā)現(xiàn)和捕捉它們。A.enjoying喜歡；B.fishing釣魚；C.studying研究；D.catching抓住。根據(jù)前文“ThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfinding”可知，對魚越了解，越能發(fā)現(xiàn)并抓到魚。且上文的“hecouldcatchmanyfish”也是提示。故選D。

【31題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我長大進(jìn)入商界時(shí)，我記得我的第一任老板說過：“我們都需要像銷售人員一樣思考?！盇.business商業(yè)；B.agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)；C.government政府；D.administration管理。根據(jù)后文“customersmucholderandricherthanme…”可知，的工作是服務(wù)客戶，由此推知他進(jìn)入了商界。故選A。

【32題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.customers顧客；B.salespeople銷售員；C.fishermen漁夫；D.bosses老板。根據(jù)后文“Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”可知，父親從未說過，“如果你想釣到一條魚，你需要像漁夫一樣思考。”，因此此處用salespeople對應(yīng)fisherman。故選B。

【33題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但這并不完全有道理。A.makesense有道理；B.makeprogress取得進(jìn)步；C.takeeffect見效；D.takeplace發(fā)生。根據(jù)空后的“Mydadneveroncesaid.“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”可知，我父親從未說過，“如果你想釣到一條魚，你需要像漁夫一樣思考?！?，并結(jié)合下文通過實(shí)踐最終認(rèn)識到的道理可知，老板說的話根本行不通，應(yīng)該向客戶一樣思考而不是像銷售人員一樣思考。故選A。

【34題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：多年后，我努力為比我年長和富有得多的客戶提供長期服務(wù)，我意識到我們都需要的是更像我們的目標(biāo)群體思考。A.business生意；B.cooperation合作；C.connections連接；D.services服務(wù)。根據(jù)后文“tocustomersmucholderandricherthanme”可知，此處指為比年長和富有得多的客戶提供長期服務(wù)。故選D。

【35題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.meet遇見；B.target面向（某群體）；C.trust信任；D.form形成。由空前“thinkmorelikethegroup”可知，此處指要像我們的目標(biāo)群體去思考。故選B。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Americanscientistsareworkingtodevelopatelescopetodeploy(部署)onthemoon.Thetelescopeisdesignedtosearchforancientradiowaves____36____couldprovideimportantdetailsabouttheearlyuniverse.TheAmericanspaceagencyNASAandtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyareworkingtogether____37____theproject.Thetelescopewillbe____38____firstdesignedtocollectdataonahistoricalperiodoftheuniverse____39____(call)theDarkAges.Thisperiod____40____(consider)importanttostudybecauseitcanprovidenewdetailsabouttheformationanddevelopmentoftheuniverse.TheDarkAgesperiodbegannearly380,000yearsaftertheBigBang,theexplosionmanyscientistsbelievecreatedtheuniverse.DuringtheDarkAges,there____41____(be)nostarsorplanets.Inastatement____42____(announce)theproject,NASAsaidinformationontheDarkAgescanonlybelearnedthroughdatacollectedfromradiowaves.Thenewtelescopeis____43____(special)designedtoprovidedetailsontheformationoftheearlyuniverse.Thetelescopeistobeplacedonwhatisknownasthefarsideofthemoon.This____44____(describe)cameaboutbecausethatsideofthemooncannotbeseenfromEarth.Theareadoesexperience____45____(it)owndayandnightcycle.

【答案】36.that##which

37.on38.the

39.called40.isconsidered

41.were42.announcing

43.specially

44.description

45.its

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了米國科學(xué)家正在研制一種可部署的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，旨在收集并了解黑暗時(shí)代的信息。該望遠(yuǎn)鏡將被放置在月球的遠(yuǎn)端，以便收集更多的數(shù)據(jù)，并提供更精確的分析。

【36題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：該望遠(yuǎn)鏡旨在尋找古代無線電波，這些電波可以提供早期宇宙的重要細(xì)節(jié)。先行詞是waves，指物，它在定語從中充當(dāng)主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或whic