難句gre解讀提高閱讀必須要過(guò)第一關(guān)

即在Gre中，考生也不需要再考場(chǎng)上分析一句話的語(yǔ)法成分，也不要想這句話有沒(méi)目的有二：一為初學(xué)者如果看不懂句子得結(jié)構(gòu)，往往會(huì)感到心情沮喪，或大腦，根本就翻譯，都只是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的輔助工具；最終的目的，是為了提高對(duì)英語(yǔ)的實(shí)際使用能 同時(shí)避免閱讀，克服內(nèi)心和喉頭與嘴唇的顫動(dòng)，關(guān)鍵是： d 速度與理解力的平衡點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練 GRE閱讀，包括數(shù)學(xué)和邏輯中的一些題干的一大特點(diǎn)，也就是一點(diǎn)，就是充斥著一些或很長(zhǎng)、或很怪異的句子，稱之為GRE難句。句子，作為任何閱讀文章最基本的然而，GRE難句絕非不可攻克，只要訓(xùn)練方法得當(dāng)，并且能更每天半小時(shí)左右進(jìn)行練習(xí)，GRE難句完全可以在一個(gè)月甚至幾周內(nèi)被攻破，而做到這點(diǎn)，對(duì) GRE考生的意義 理解力，提高對(duì)文章整體的把握能力；第四，可以增們的自信心，產(chǎn)生一種閱讀中的順暢的愉，使 在學(xué)習(xí)GRE中不再沉浸在一種煩躁的情緒之中，真正的與文章的內(nèi)容GRE難句的由來(lái)：知道，GRE文章都摘自的科學(xué)或?qū)W術(shù)。曾經(jīng)到ETS改編和壓縮之后，GRE句子變得句子冗長(zhǎng)、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、信息量大，讀者的；因此GRE的難句完GRE難句與文章內(nèi)容的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系： 經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，GRE的各種文章中，句子的文學(xué)評(píng)論性文章比較害怕的下一番功夫攻克GRE難句，就顯得更為重要了。；2 Themethodsth ommunitydevisestoperpetuateitselfcomeintobeingtopreserveaspectsoftheculturallegacythatthatcommunityperceivesasessential.讀法：初級(jí)：讀出主謂賓來(lái)。分析：主語(yǔ)：Themethodscomintobeingto 稱之為“打岔” Moreover，Icanfeelstrongemotionsinresponsetoobjectsofartthatareinterpretationsratherthanrepresentations，of讀法：初級(jí)：跳過(guò)語(yǔ)；高級(jí)：直接讀；查查能力：大腦容量+能 ratiowillbefavoredwhi aximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted. ratiowhiaximizesthenumberofdescendantsthatanindividualwillhaveandhence ratiowhiaximizethenumberofgenecopiestransmittedwillbefavered。難。如上例原句中的省略，在第二個(gè)thenumberof前省略了"rationwhiaximizes".1ab2作：bringtoBA例：YetWaltzer’sargumenthoweverdeficientdoespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism-namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimaytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.類似的情況：throwoverinsertintoimportintoinferfrom,establishforadvocateas例：makepossible單詞或者句子)3althoughwhich（that如：qualities(suchasthecapacityforhardworkessentialinproducing4suchas,sothattootomorethanfromAtoBbetweenAandB5Despitethesevaguecategories,oneshouldnotclaimunequivocallythathostilitybetweenrecognizableclassescannotbelegitima yobserved.GRE難句訓(xùn)練法GRE文章，凡有讀一兩遍不懂的句子，摘下或輸入電腦：每天花204種難句的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此可以預(yù)判和自絕無(wú)之感。GRE難句，就是要達(dá)到上面所談的這種高級(jí)讀法的境界，直接讀下來(lái)（3行以上的語(yǔ)就知道句子的意思當(dāng)然這種讀法必須以反復(fù)的針對(duì)難句的訓(xùn)練為前提而如果訓(xùn)練成功ETS所你的種種大腦的能力也就通通無(wú)效了GRE學(xué)習(xí)的大秘訣就在于把考場(chǎng)上你的難點(diǎn)和需要你花大量時(shí)間思考的東西兌換成考場(chǎng)下你的時(shí)間和努力。句子就像是應(yīng)該這樣寫(xiě)、如果是你來(lái)寫(xiě)這些句子，你也要寫(xiě)一樣。特別提一下，經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)速度都得到了大幅度的提高，興奮地來(lái)找告訴再?zèng)]有完全讀不懂的文章了。而大多數(shù)GREGRE學(xué)習(xí)才算真正入了門。為了節(jié)省寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，在校長(zhǎng)之鼓勵(lì)下，將GRENO4-No921套題84篇文章及GRE國(guó)內(nèi)題（90-94）1456篇文章中的所有難句進(jìn)行了摘錄和分類，盡列于此。由于絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)對(duì)需要留下10套?？?，其句子沒(méi)有收錄，且由于題閱讀Tofel100難句，此天意也？Thatratiowillbefavored（有利的）whiaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.（5，下同）willBEfavored那種比例能在最大程度上增加一個(gè)所能擁有的后代數(shù)量并因此能在最大程度上增（Thisis）Adesiretothrowoverrealityalightthatneverwasmightgiveawayabruptlytothedesireonthepartofwhatwemightconsideranovelist-scientisttorecordexactlyandconcreythestructureandtextureofaflower.(5++)復(fù)雜+倒裝+省略;（這是一種）的此從來(lái)就不會(huì)的取代后面的那種后者是可以將其部分的解為一個(gè)兼任小說(shuō)加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準(zhǔn)確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的。Hardy’sweaknessderivedfromhisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsofthesedivergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.（3）n沖動(dòng)（突然的心愿或?qū)е?考慮的行動(dòng)和感受的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無(wú)法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)的穿梭往來(lái)；另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。VirginiaWoolf’sprovocativestatementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dallowayhasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics，seithighlightsanaspectofherliryinterestsverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe"poetic"novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieandvisionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysofindividualconsciousness.（5）reverien幻想；（一種抽象狀態(tài) adj錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的＝elaborate致力于追尋意識(shí)的通幽曲徑。AssheputitinTheCommonReader,“ItissafetosaythatnotasinglelawhasbeenframedoronestonesetuponanotherbecauseofanythingChaucersaidorwrote;andyet,aswereadhim,weareabsorbingmoralityateverypore.”（5-）andyetassheputitinthecommonreader,”itissafetosaythat的weareabsorbingsthateverypore就像她在《致普通讀者》一書(shū)中所表達(dá)的那樣“盡管可以的說(shuō)，沒(méi)有任何法律被指定出來(lái)，也沒(méi)有任何高樓被建立起來(lái)是因?yàn)檎f(shuō)了什么或者寫(xiě)了什么；然而，當(dāng) Withtheconclusionofaburstactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerabletoattackuntiltheacidisreconvertedviaoxidativemetabolism新陳代謝bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.burst突然破裂,爆發(fā),脈沖n葡萄糖（一種單糖，廣見(jiàn)于大多數(shù)動(dòng)植物組織，是血液中基本的循環(huán)糖和等主要糖"（4+）隨著爆發(fā)出來(lái)的的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過(guò)有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convertinto）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來(lái)又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原。AlthoughGutmanadmits dseparationbysalefrequent，heshowsthattheslaves’preference，revealedmostclearlyonntationswheresalewasinfrequent，wasveryforstablemonogamy.雖然古承認(rèn)由于而造成的離散甚為頻繁但他還是證明的愛(ài)——在那些并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來(lái)——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制（monogmyGutmanarguesconvinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof-andsowascrucialinsustaining-theBlackheritageoffolklore，music，andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother，aheritagethatwerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.（4）Thispreferenceforexogamy，Gutmansuggests，mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanruleserningmarriage，which，thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother，allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionunionswithclosekin.withclosekin）的。HisthesisworksrelativelywellwhenappliedtodiscriminationBlacksintheUnitedStates，buthisdefinitionofracialprejudiceas"racially-basednegativeprejudgmentsagroupgenerallyacceptedasaraceinanygivenregionofethniccompetition，"canbeinterpretedasalsoludinghostilitytowardsuchethnicgroupsasthe inCaliforniaandtheJewsinmedievalEurope.（4+）針對(duì)該社會(huì)學(xué)家題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對(duì)的時(shí)，相對(duì)而言尚能適用，但他對(duì)種族利福尼亞州的以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的態(tài)度。Suchvariationsinsize，shape，chemistry，conductionspeed，excitationthreshold，andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalnegligibleItwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconditionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.(5)Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved，thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview，namely，thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas"commoncurrency"throughoutthenervoussystem.（4）盡管在神經(jīng)能量上存在著質(zhì)的不同，這一點(diǎn)從來(lái)都沒(méi)有在嚴(yán)格Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize，number，arrangement，andobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.（4）Althoughsomeexperimentsshowthat，asanobjectbecomesfamiliar，itsrepresentationbecomesmoreholisticandtherecognitionprocesscorrespondinglymoreparallel，theweightofevidenceseemstosupporttheserialhypothesis，atleastforobjectsthatarenotnotablysimpleandfamiliar.（4+）hypothesisInlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement，historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuraythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.（3+）在很大程度上，由于女權(quán)主義（feministmovement）的緣故，史學(xué)家近年來(lái)匯聚大量的注意力，來(lái)更為準(zhǔn)確地確定婦女在各個(gè)時(shí)期的地位。FocusAonIfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact–realAmazoniansocieties–butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.(4)如果先研究一下為什么古人會(huì)提到亞馬遜達(dá)觀察的事實(shí)——真正的亞麻遜社會(huì)的——而是為了對(duì)于婦女在其社會(huì)中的的預(yù)期提供一種“道德教導(dǎo)。Thus，forinstance，itmaycomeasashocktomathematicianstolearnthattheequationforthehydrogenatomisnotali llycorrectdescriptionofthisatom，butonlyanapproximationtoasomewhatmorecorrectequationtakingaccountofspin，maicdipole，andrelativisticeffects；andthatthiscorrected equationisitselfonlyanimperfectapproximationtoaninfinitesetof quantumfield-theoreticalequations.（5）因此，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即（Schrodige考慮在內(nèi)的方程式；而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的一整套量子場(chǎng)論方程式。Thephysicistrightlydreadspreciseargument，seanargumentthatisconvingonlyifitispreciselosesallitsiftheassumptionsonwhichitisbasedareslightlychanged，whereasanargumentthatisconvingthoughimprecisemaywellbestableundersmallperturbationsofitsunderlyingassumptions.（5+）與此相反，一個(gè)盡管并不精確無(wú)誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(shè)However，astheygainedcohesion，theBluestockingscametoregardthemselvesasawomen’sgroupandtopossessasenseoffemalesolidaritylackinginthesalonnieres，whoremainedisolatedfromoneanotherbytheprimacyeachheldinherownsalon.（4-）Asmyownstudieshaveadvanced，Ihavebeenreasinglyimpressedwiththefunctionalsimilaritiesbetweeninsectandvertebratesocietiesandlesssowiththestructuraldifferencesthatseem，atfirstglance，toconstitutesuchanimmensegulfbetweenthem.（5）隨 研究不斷深入 對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)和脊椎動(dòng)物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來(lái)愈深刻Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances，itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological，andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.（4）雖然小說(shuō)無(wú)疑于情狀，但其作者則是以非的方式對(duì)這些情狀作出反應(yīng)的，而將小說(shuō)和故事主要地當(dāng)作的工具來(lái)探討，會(huì)在相當(dāng)程度上小說(shuō)Isthisadefect，oraretheauthorsworkingoutof，ortryingtoforge，adifferentkindofaesthetic？（3）Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likenToomer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefatewhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?（5）不僅如此，有些小說(shuō)（比如JT的甘蔗）的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；種技巧是否為流行的提供了一個(gè)和諧的對(duì)應(yīng)呢？這種刻畫(huà)了注意與之相抗?fàn)庍\(yùn)，這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的。BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels，bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan.（4）注意：bringAtoB——〉bringtoBA 注意到了某些引人入（AutobiographyofanEx-ColoredManAlthoughthesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengths，wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated，topassthrough，theyabsorbsomeofthelonger-wavelength，infraredemissionsradiatedfromtheEarth’ssurface，radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.(4)雖然這些分子允見(jiàn)波長(zhǎng)（visiblewavelength）的輻射——陽(yáng)光的絕大部分能量就匯wavelengthemission，Therolethoseanthropologistsascribetoevolutionisnotofdictatingthedetailsofhumanbehaviorbutoneofimposingconstraints—waysoffeeling，thinking，andactingthat"comenaturally"inarchetypalsituationsinanyculture.（4）Whichofthefollowingmostprobablyprovidesanappropriateogyfromhumanmorphologyforthe“details”versus“constraints”disttionmadeinthepassageinrelationtohumanbehavior?（5）Alownumberofalgalcellsinthepresenceofahighnumberofgrazerssuggested，butdidnotprove，thatthegrazershadremovedmostofthealgae.（3+）在存在大量食草動(dòng)物的同時(shí)卻量的水藻花粉囊，這暗示出——但沒(méi)能證明——食Perhapsthefactmanyofthesefirststudiesconsideredonlyalgaeofasizethatcouldbecollectedinphytonkton),apracticethatoverlookedthesmallerphytonkton(nannonkton)thatwenowknowgrazersaremostlikelytofeedon,ledtoade-emphasisoftheroleofgrazersinsubsequentresearch.（5） StudiesbyHargraveandGeenestimatednaturalcommunitygrazingratesbymeasuringfeedingratesofindividualzoonktonspeciesinthelaboratoryandthencomputingcommunitygrazingratesforfieldconditionsusingtheknownpopulationdensityofgrazers.（5）由哈（Hargrave）和Geen）所進(jìn)行的研究，對(duì)自然條件下的群落捕食速Intheperiods ofpeakzoonktonabundance，thatis，inthelatespringandinthesummer，Haneyrecordedumdailycommunitygrazingrates，fornutrient-poor lakesandboglakes，respectively，of6.6percentand114percentofdailyphytonktonproduction.（3+）在浮游動(dòng)物數(shù)量激增的期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每6.6%114%.Thehydrologiccycle，amajortopicinthisscience，isthecompletecycleofphenomenathroughwhichwaterpasses，beginningasatmosphericwatervapor，passingintoliquidandsolidformasprecipitation，thencealongandintothegroundsurface，andfinallyagainreturningtotheformofatmosphericwatervaporbymeansofevaporationandtranspiration.cycleOnlywhenasystempossessesnaturalorartificialboundariesthatassociatethewaterwithinitthehydrologiccyclemaytheentiresystemproperlybetermedhydrogeologic.（4）ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelosteadilyintheUnitedStatesseabout1870hadbeenprecipitatedbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier——thatis，thedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.（4）史學(xué)家.杰.FrederickJ.Turner）于十九世紀(jì)九十年代著述道，約18世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)一直在持續(xù)不斷發(fā)展的農(nóng)民不滿，由于國(guó)內(nèi)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)（internalIntheearly1950’s，historianswhostudiedpreindustrialEurope（whichwemaydefinehereasEuropeintheperiodfromroughly1300to1800）began，forthefirsttimeinlarge investigatemoreofthepreindustrialEuropeanpopulationthanthe2or3percentwhocomprisedthepolitical bishops，andlocal magnateswhohadhithertousuallyfilledhistorybooks.（4）二十世紀(jì)五十年代早期，研究前工業(yè)化時(shí)代歐洲（此處可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時(shí)期的歐洲）的史學(xué)家，首次以眾多的人數(shù)（的書(shū)中：第一次以大量的數(shù)據(jù)，開(kāi)始前工業(yè)化時(shí)代歐洲人口中的大多數(shù)，而非那些構(gòu)成了與社會(huì)HistorianssuchasLeRoyLaduriehaveusedthestoextractcasehistories，whichhaveilluminatedtheattitudesofdifferentsocialgroups（theseattitudeslude，butarenotconfinedto，attitudestowardcrimeandthelaw）andhaverevealedhowtheadministeredjustice.（3+）。象勒羅伊（LeRoyLadurie）一類的史學(xué)家利用這些文獻(xiàn)史料從中挖掘出某些個(gè)案史（casehistory）來(lái)，闡明了不同社會(huì)群體的態(tài)度（這些態(tài)度包括，但并非局限于，對(duì)和法律的態(tài)度并揭示出是如何執(zhí)行審判的。。ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatahistorianwhowishedtocomparecrimeratesperthousandinaEuropeancityinonedecadeofthefifteenthcenturywithcrimeratesinanotherdecadeofthatcenturywouldprobablybemostaidedbybetterinformationaboutwhichofthefollowing?（5）人的率與另外一個(gè)十年中的率的學(xué)家將會(huì)被以下那種信息的提高所最好Mypointisthatitscentralconsciousness—itsprofoundunderstandingofclassandgenderasshainfluencesonpeople’slives—owesmuchtothatearlierliryheritage，aheritagethat，ingeneral，hasnotbeensufficientlyvaluedbymostcontemporarylirycritics.（4）論點(diǎn)是，其作品的意識(shí)——它將和作為人們生活的決定性影響而作Eventherequirementthatbiomaterialsprocessedfromthesematerialsbenontoxictotissuecanbemetbytechniquesderivedfromstudyingthereactionsoftissueculturestobiomaterialsorfromshort-termimnts.（5）Butachievingnecessarymatchesinphysicalpropertiesacrossinterfacesbetweenlivingandnonlivingmatterrequiresknowledgeofwhioleculescontrolthebondingofcellstoeachother—anareathatwehavenotyetexploredthoroughly.（4） clawisaphenomenonsodifferentfromallotherformsoflaw—notwithstanding，ofcourse，aconsiderableandinevitablenumberofcoidenceswithoneortheotherofthemasfarassubjectmatterandpositiveenactmentsareconcerned—thatitsstudyisindispensableinordertoappreciateadequaythefullrangeofpossiblelegal?（BothJewishlawandcanonlawaremoreuniformthan claw.）ThoughhistoricallythereisadiscerniblebreakbetweenJewishlawofthesovereignstateofancientIsraelandoftheDiaspora（thedispersionofJewishpeopleaftertheconquestofIsrael，thespiritofthelegalmatterinlaterpartsoftheOldTestamentisveryclosetothatoftheTalmud，oneoftheprimarycodificationsofJewishlawintheDiaspora.（5）盡管從角度來(lái)看，在古代以色列作為獨(dú)立主權(quán)國(guó)家的猶太教法與大流散時(shí)Islam，ontheotherhand，representedaradicalbreakawayfromtheArabpaganismthatprecededit；clawistheresultofanexamination,fromareligiousangle，(examination)oflegalsubjectmatterthatwasfarfromuniform，comprisingasitdidthevariouscomponentsofthelawsofpre-cArabiaandnumerouslegalelementstakenoverfromthenon-Arabpeoplesoftheconqueredterritories.（4）所致的結(jié)果，而這些法律內(nèi)容實(shí)際上是由前國(guó)家（Pre-cArabia）法律的不盡相同的組成部分以及由從被征服的土地上非民族借鑒過(guò)來(lái)的無(wú)數(shù)法律因素所構(gòu)成。(asitdid)實(shí)際上是一句語(yǔ)。Onesuchnovelideais that(idea)ofinsertingintothechromosomesofntsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartofthents’naturalconstitution：specifically，theideaofinsertingintononleguminousntsthegenes，iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated，thatfittheleguminousntstobehostsfornitrogen-fixingbacteria.Hence，(thereis)theintensifiedresearchonlegumes.（，此句最能夠熟讀，更好的是背誦下來(lái)（雜修飾++省略+倒裝）這其中的一個(gè)新穎思想就是在植物的（chroosoe內(nèi)注入并非是該植物自然些倘若這些可被辨識(shí)出來(lái)并被分離開(kāi)來(lái)而這些業(yè)已使豆科植物宜于充當(dāng)那些具備固氮作用的細(xì)菌的寄主。由此，對(duì)豆科植物的研究日趨深入。Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonntgrowtheventhoughthents’leavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.（3+）下述情形真可謂是自然界的一個(gè)諷刺：土壤中所能獲得的氮肥量往往對(duì)Unlesstheysucceed，theyieldgainsoftheGreenRevolutionwillbelargelylostevenifgenesinlegumesthatequipthosentstoenterintoasymbiosiswithnitrogenfixersareidentifiedandisolated，andevenifthetransferofthosegenecomplexes，oncetheyarefound，becomespossible.（4）豆科植物中使這些植物有條件進(jìn)入到與固氮細(xì)菌共生關(guān)系的可被辨識(shí)出來(lái)和分離complexItssubject（touseMaynardMack’scategories）is"life-as-spectacle，"forreaders，divertedbyitsvarious Iliad，however，presents"life-aperience"：readersareaskedtoidentifywiththemindofAchilles，whosemotivationsrenderhimanotparticularlylikablehero.（5）其〔若借鑒。（MaynardMack的兩個(gè)分類范疇的話〕是“人生作為外部景象”，因?yàn)樽x者的注意力被作品那形形的所分散，主要是從外部來(lái)觀察其主人公斯（Odys）的；然而，富于悲劇色彩的《》所表現(xiàn)的則是“人生作為內(nèi)心體驗(yàn)”：讀者被要求與（Achills）的心靈產(chǎn)生共鳴，而其行為動(dòng)機(jī)（注：hero:人公；withot:外部；ikble:有的Moststrikingamongthemanyasymmetriesevidentinanadultflatfishiseyecement：beforematurityoneeyemigrates，sothatinanadultflatfishbotheyesareonthesamesideofthehead.（3+）AcritiqueofHandlin’sinterpretationofwhylegaldidnotappearuntilthe1660’ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexnationsforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmericashouldbeexpanded.（4）一個(gè)對(duì)于H的關(guān)于為何法律上的制沒(méi)有在17世紀(jì)60年代以前出現(xiàn)的所作解于在和南美之間的對(duì)黑怒的不同處理的解釋?xiě)?yīng)當(dāng)被擴(kuò)展。Thebestevidenceforthelayered-mantlethesisisthewell-establishedfactthatvolcanicrocksfoundonoceanicislands，islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfromthelowermantle，arecomposedofmaterialfundamentallydifferentfromthatofthemid-oceanridgesystem，whosesource，mostgeologistscontend，istheuppermantle.（5-）些島嶼據(jù)信是源于由下層地幔升上來(lái)的地幔柱狀溶巖流（mantleplume）——上發(fā)現(xiàn)的Somegeologists，however，onthebasisofobservationsconcerningmantlexenoliths，arguethatthemantleisnotlayered，butthatheterogeneityiscreatedbyfluidsrichin"ompatibleelements"（elementstendingtowardliquidratherthansolidstatepercolatingupwardandtransformingportionsoftheuppermantleirregularly，accordingtothevagariesofthefluids’pathways.（4+）FalloisproposedthatProusthadtriedtobeginanovelin1908,abandoneditforwhatwastobealongdemonstrationofSaint-Beuve’sblindnesstotherealnatureofgreatwriting,foundtheessaygivingriseto almemoriesandfictionaldevelopments,andallowedthesetotakeoveritasteadilydevelonovel.（5-）F認(rèn)為，P在1908年試圖開(kāi)始寫(xiě)一部小說(shuō)，又為了寫(xiě)一部S-B的作品的真本質(zhì)的的長(zhǎng)篇的證明而放棄了這部小說(shuō)，其后又發(fā)現(xiàn)這一又勾起了其個(gè)人Theveryrichnessandcomplexityofthemeaningfulrelationshipsthatkeptpresentingandrearrangingthemselvesonalllevels，from inligencetoprofounddreamyfeelings，madeitdifficultforProusttosetthemoutcoherently.（5）Butthoseofwhohoped,withKolb,thatKolb’snewlypublishedcompleteeditionofProust’scorrespondencefor1909wouldtheprocessingreaterdetailaredisappointed.(4) NowwemustalsoexaminethecultureasweMexicanAmericanshaveexperiencedit,passingfromasovereignpeopletocompatriotswithnewlyarrivingsettlersto,finally，aconqueredpeople–acharterminorityonourownland.（5-）現(xiàn)在須也按 墨西哥裔的人的經(jīng)歷來(lái)審視這個(gè)文化 的經(jīng)歷是從Itispossibletomakespecificcomplementarys（cs）thatcanserveasmolecularRNs（mRNsofmakingthehormones，thecellswillcontaintheseMrna’S.Iftheproductsthebraellsmakeresemblethehormonesbutarenotidenticaltothem，thenthecsshouldstillbindtothesemRNA’s，butshouldnotbindastightlyastheywouldtomRNA’sforthetruehormones.probeRNs（mRNs就會(huì)含有這些信使RNA’s.假若細(xì)胞所制造的產(chǎn)品類似于肽激素但并非與這些肽激素全Themolecularapproachtodetectingpeptidehormonesusingcprobesshouldalsobemuchfasterthantheimmunologicalmethodbecauseitcantakeyearsoftediouspurificationstoisolatepeptidehormonesandthendeveloperumstothem.（4）采用 探子來(lái)測(cè)定肽激素的這一分子生物學(xué)方法同時(shí)也應(yīng)該比免疫學(xué)的方法速出來(lái)，然后再培養(yǎng)出針對(duì)它們的抗。Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheIceAgehadtheybeenhargeofevents.（3+）來(lái)顯示如果由他們來(lái)決定地質(zhì)的話他們將會(huì)如何安排冰川紀(jì)Thissuccessionwasbasedprimarilyonaseriesofdepositsandeventsnotdirectlyrelatedtoglacialandinterglacialperiods，ratherthanonthemoreusualmodernmethodofstudyingbiologicalremainsfoundininterglacialbedsthemselvesinterstratifiedwithinglacialdeposits.地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層（interglacialbed）中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化（inerstaifiedTherehavebeenattemptstoexinthesetaboosintermsofinappropriatesocialrelationshipseitherbetweenthosewhoareinvolvedandthosewhoarenotsimultaneouslyinvolvedinthesatisfactionofabodilyneed，orbetweenthosealreadysatiatedandthosewhoappeartobeshamelesslygorging.（5）ManycriticsofFamilyBronte’snovelWutheringHeightsseeitssecondpartasacounterpointthatcommentson，ifitdoesnotreverse，thefirstpart，wherea"romantic"readingreceivesmoreconfirmation.（5）研究。（EmilyBronte）小說(shuō)《呼嘯山莊（WutheringHeights）的許多GrantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneednotargueanauthorialawarenessofnovelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames，theirpresencedoes（15）encourageattemptstounifythenovel’sheterogeneousparts.（4+）誠(chéng)然，這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對(duì)小說(shuō)架構(gòu)的意識(shí)可與James）的那種意識(shí)相比擬；然則，任何力圖將小說(shuō)所有形形的因素統(tǒng)一起來(lái)的做Grantedthat:=admitted,ofThisisnotbecausesuchaninterpretationnecessarilystiffensintoathesis（althoughrigidityinanyinterpretationofthisorofanynovelisalwaysadanger，butbecauseWutheringHeightshasrecalcitranementsofundeniablepowerthat，ultimay，resistlusioninanall-encompassinginterpretation.(5)解釋中，死板總是一種，而是因?yàn)椤逗魢[山莊》擁有一些極難駕御的因素，以其無(wú)可辯駁的，最終被囿于一個(gè)囊括無(wú)遺的解釋中。Theisotopiccompositionofleadoftenvariesfromonesourceofcommoncopperoretoanother，withvariationceedingthemeasurementerror；andpreliminarystudiesindicatevirtuallyuniformistopiccompositionoftheleadfromasinglecopper-oresource.(4)Moreprobableisbirdtransport，eitherexternally，byaccidentalatta entoftheseedstofeathers，orinternally，bytheswallowingoffruitand excretionofthe通過(guò)方式，即由于鳥(niǎo)類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來(lái)。Along-heldviewofthehistoryofEnglishcoloniesthatbecametheUnitedStateshasbeenthatEngland’stowardthesecoloniesbefore1763wasdictatedbycommercialinterestsandthhangetoamoreimperial,dominatedbyexpansionistmilitaristobjectives,generatedthetensionsthatultimayledtotheAmericanRevolution.（4+）一個(gè)對(duì)于后來(lái)成了的英國(guó)殖民地的的長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為英國(guó)在1763年策上的轉(zhuǎn)變——為擴(kuò)張主義的目標(biāo)所左右——產(chǎn)生了最終導(dǎo)致的緊張氣Itisnotknownhowrarethisresemblanceis，orwhetheritismostoftenseeninlusionsofsilicatessuchasga，whosecrystallographyisgenerallysomewhatsimilartothatofdiamond；butwhenpresent，theresemblanceisregardedascompellingevidencethatthediamondsandlusionsaretrulycogic.（4）旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說(shuō)服力的，證明石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。Eventhe"radical"critiquesofthismainstreamresearchmodel，suchasthecritiquedevelopedinDividedSociety，attachtheissueofethnicassimilationtoomechanicallytofactorsofeconomicandsocialmobilityandarethusunabletoilluminatetheculturalsubordinationofPuertoRicansasacolonialminority.（4+）即使是對(duì)這一主流研究模型的“激進(jìn)”批評(píng)，諸如《的社會(huì)（DividedSociety）一書(shū)中所那種，亦將少數(shù)民族同化問(wèn)題過(guò)分機(jī)構(gòu)地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)移動(dòng)性的因素聯(lián)Theyarecalledvirtualparticlesinordertodistinguishthemfromrealparticles，whoselifetimesarenotconstrained inthesameway，andwhichcanbedetected.（3）particleOpenacknowledgementoftheexistenceofwomen’soppressionwastooradicalfortheUnitedStatedinthefifties,andBeauvoir’sconclusion,thatchangeinwomen’seconomiccondition,thoughinsufficientbyitself,“remainsthebasicfactor”inimprovingwomen’ssituation,wasparticularlyunacceptable.（4+）公開(kāi)對(duì)婦女的存在的承認(rèn)對(duì)于50年代的而言有些過(guò)分激進(jìn)，而且B的結(jié)論OthertheoristsproposethattheMoonwasrippedoutoftheEarth’srockymantlebytheEarth’scollisionwithanotherlargecelestialbodyaftermuchoftheEarth’sironfelltoitscore.（4）其他的理論家提出，在地球的大部分鐵沉入到地核，由于地球與另一個(gè)However,recentscholarshiphasstronglysuggestedthatthoseaspectsofearlyNewEnglandculturethatseemtohavebeenmostdisttlyPuritan,suchasthestrongreligiousorientationandthecommunalimpulse,werenoteventypicalofNewEnglandasawhole,butwerelargelyconfinedtothetwocoloniesofMassachusettsandConnecticut.（4）是在很大程度上只局限與諸賽和兩個(gè)州。Thus，whatontrasttothePuritancoloniesappearstoDavistobepeculiarlySouthern—acquisitiveness，astronginterestinpoliticsandthelaw，andatendencytocultivatemetropolitanculturalmodels—wasnotonlymoretypicallyEnglishthantheculturalpatternsexhibitedbyPuritanMassachusettsandConnecticut，butalsoalmostcertainlycharacteristicofmostotherearlymodernBritishcoloniesfromBarbadosnorthtoRhodeIslandandNewHampshire.（4）殊南方色彩的特征——對(duì)和法律的濃厚以及培養(yǎng)大都市文化模式的傾向——不僅僅要比清教的諸塞州和康乃涅克州所展現(xiàn)出來(lái)的文化模式更具有典型的英國(guó)色彩，并且?guī)缀醯貥?gòu)成了絕大多數(shù)其它早期近代英國(guó)殖民地的特征，從巴巴多斯北至和新罕布什爾州。PortrayalsofthefolkofMecklenburgCounty,NorthCarolina,whomheremembersfromearlychildhood,ofthejazzmusiciansandtenementroofsofhisHarlemdays,ofPittsburghsteelworkers,andhisreconstructionofclassicalGreekmythsintheguiseoftheancientBlackkingdomofBenin,attesttothis.（5）MH話得寵俗，都表現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。Intheguiseof:”假借、在…的幌子下，假裝”。Averyspecializedfeedingadaptationinzoonktonisthatofthetadpolelikeappendicularianwholivesinawalnut-sized（orsmaller）balloonofmucusequippedwithfiltersthatcaptureandconcentratephytonkton.（4）Thesehistorians，however，haveyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyideasandactivitiesduringthesameperiod.但是，這些史學(xué)家還不曾充分地分析同一時(shí)期中那些具體的女權(quán)和活動(dòng)的發(fā)Apparentlymostmassivestarsmanagetolosesufficientmaterialthattheirmassesdropbelowthecriticalvalueof1.4Mbeforetheyexhausttheirnuclearfuel.(5)1.4M以下。難在：sufficient…that…=somuch(many)…that…Thisissoeventhougharmedsoperateinanethosofinstitutionalchangeorientedtowardoccupationalequalityandunderthefederalsanctionofequalpayforequalwork.（5）即使是是在一種趨向職業(yè)的制度變遷的風(fēng)氣中運(yùn)作的時(shí)候，而且即使Whenthecoreofagiantstarwhosemasssurpasses1.4timesthepresentmassofour（M⊙）exhaustsitsnuclearfuel，itisunabletosupportitsownweightandcollapsesintoatinyneutronstar.（4） 無(wú)法支撐自身的重量，并收縮成為一顆小型中子星（neutronstarAnimpact(ontheMars)capableofejectingafragmentoftheMartiansurfaceintoanEarth-intersectingorbitis