精講精練第二次課堂文章解析

ByEurope’sEarlySeaTradewith

與原文信息anumberofpoliticaldevelopmentscutEurope'soverlandtraderoutestosouthernandeasternAsia以及Thisdevelopment…providedanimpetustoalong-helddesiretosecuredirectrelationswiththeEastbyestablishingaseatrade相符。A偷換概念，原文不包括finallyreadytotradewithEuropeansB偷換概念，原文提到comingasitdidwhenthebottomhadfallenoutwasnotradewiththeEastC無中生有，原文沒有提到very與原文信息Newtypesofshipswereneeded,newmethodsoffindingone'sway,newtechniquesforfinancingsovastascheme相A無中生有，原文提到錢的問題，但沒有提到EuropeanswereunwillingtoB句內(nèi)邏輯錯(cuò)誤，原句內(nèi)無比較的邏輯關(guān)系comparedwiththeinvestmentC句子邏輯錯(cuò)誤，原文關(guān)系不是ThereaseincommercialactivityreflectstheimportanceD邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤，引入原文不存在的邏輯。原文說的是投資的額度和利潤，不是peoplemadelargeinvestments…theyexpectedtomake取非類infer，原文信息Spiceswerethemostsought-afterC偷換概念，原文沒有提到tradedforproductssuchasperfumesandmedicines而是manufactureperfumesandcertainmedicines。 reasedstabilitymadeitpossibletoaddmultiplemastsandsails與原文信息calledalateensail,whichcouldbemovedintoavarietyofpositionstomaneuvertheship.該信息起支持論證的作用，舉例子為本段論點(diǎn)服務(wù)Thusbyabout1400thekeyelementswereincetoenableEuropetobeginitsseawardadventure.A原文無提及該信息aftercaravelshadbeguntravelingacrossoceansB原文無提及該信息resulteddirectlyfromtheinventionoftheD原文沒提到信息，howtheproblemofdetermininglongitudewas與原文信息itdefinedsuattersastheauthorityofaship'sofficersprotocolsofcommand,paystructurestherightsofsailors,andtherulesofengagementwhenshipsmetoneanotheronthe入句子前接they指代的對(duì)象，后接acoupleofreasons開

BecauselandroutestoAsiahadbeencutoffinthefourteenthcentury,EuropeanshadtofindanewwaytotradewithAsia.AnswerReportsbytravelersindicatedthatpeopleinAsiawereinterestedinrenewingtradewithEuropeans.FortradeinAsian,goodssuchasspicestobeprofitable,theseitemsneededtobetransportedinlargetiesbysea.Wind-drivencaravelsweredevelopedtocarry,cargoacrosstheoceans.EuropeanswantedtoimportspicesfromAsiainordertoimprovethetasteoffoodandtomakeperfumesandmedicines.EuropeangalleyswereabletobringAsiangoodsacrossthenOceanandaroundtheAfricancoastline.解析：與原文galleyswereabletobringAsianThedevelopmentofmaps,navigationalinstruments,andamaritimecodeofconductprovidedcrucialelementsforlong-distancenavigation.

具體展開描述形成的過程：Theelectricaldischargetakes解釋該結(jié)構(gòu)形成的具體過程：offerapromisingexnationofhowthisstructureofchargedparticlesformsFirst,achannel,orpath,isThenastrongcurrentofelectronsfollowsthat123Atsuchtemperaturesthecollisionbetweentheicepelletsandtheicecrystalscauseselectricalchargestoshiftsotheicepelletsacquireanegativechargeandtheicecrystals positivelycharged相符B信息雜糅，原文提到了Collisions也提到了negativelychargedicecrystals，但不是CollisionswithnegativelychargedicecrystalsC無中生有，原文提到了Theheaviernegativelychargedicepelletsconcentrateinthecenterofthecloud，但是與題干icecrystals無關(guān)D答非所問，原文提到了Thetemperatureatthecenterofthecloudisabout-15℃orlower，但不是causesicecrystalsto charged的45與原文信息thecloudiswarmerthan-15°Candatthesetemperatures,collisionsbetweenicecrystalsandfallingicepelletsproducepositivelychargedicepelletsthatthenpopulateasmallregionatthebaseofthecloud.相符6原文提到該信息，但是與themiddleregionofacloud negativelycharged無關(guān)7該信息起解釋說明的作用，服務(wù)的對(duì)像為soeventhoughitrepresentsonly20percentofalllightning,ithasreceivedalotofscientificattentionB原文的修飾關(guān)系，原文提及itrepresentsonly20percentofalllightning但重點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折的信息C修改原文的信息，原文無提及該信息understandingofthisformoflightningisimportant8asthelightningwesee.可知該詞匯含義與see相關(guān)9Whenastreamofthesenegativelychargedelectronscomeswithin100metersofthegrounditismetbyastreamofpositivelychargedparticlesthatcomesupfromtheground.Whenthenegativelyandpositivelychargedstreamsmeet,acompletechannelconnectingthecloudandthegroundisformedA與原文Cproducesastreamofelectronsfromthecloud10inferThestreamofpositiveparticlesthatmeetsthesurgeofelectronsfromthecloudoftenarisesfromatallpointedstructuresuchasametalflagpoleoratower.Thatiswhythesubsequentlightningthatfollowsthecompletedchanneloftenstructurecompletedchannel…表明了先后順序，暗示了因果關(guān)系11因果類infer，原文信息為Theheaviernegativelychargedicepelletsarelefttoconcentrateinthecenter.Thisprocessexinswhythetopofthecloud espositivelycharged,whilethe esnegativelycharged1213descendingstreamofelectrons相關(guān)信息。后接divides的情況且與intersectstheestablishedpath的newpositive-streamchannel有關(guān)14Lightningtakescewhenaseparationofpositiveandnegativeelectricalparticlesthatdevelopinastormcloudsuddenlycollapses.AnswerAstormcloudfirstdevelopsapositivelychargedlayeratthetopthennegativelychargedmiddlelayerandfinally,apositivelychargedlayeratthe解析：與原文信息firstdevelops…h(huán)enanegativelychargedmiddlelayerLightningfromcloudtogroundfollowsachannelthatformswhenastreamofelectronsmovingdownmeetsastreamofpositiveparticlescomingupfromthegroundLightningfromacloudtothegroundismorelikelytobedestructivethanislightningthattakescewithinacloudAseparationofopposiychargedparticlesincloudsdevelopsfromcollisionsoffallingicepelletswithicecrystals,fromupdraftsandfromtemperaturevariationsFieldstudieslaboratorysimulationsandhigh-speedphotographyhaveallbeenusedtoinvestigatethewaychargeseparationsdeveloplouds解析：細(xì)節(jié)性質(zhì)選項(xiàng)Fieldstudieslaboratorysimulationsandhigh-speedphotographyOnceachannelhasbeenformeditisusuallyusedbyseveralsuccessiveelectricaldischargesthatilluminatethechannelasflashesoflightningMethodsofStudyingInfant具體方法一：indirect具體展開三點(diǎn)局限：first,second,Filmheartandrespirationratenonnutritivesuckinghabituation-dishabituationevoked1Eachofthesemethodscomparesaninfant'sstatepriortotheintroductionofastimuluswithitsstateduringorimmediayfollowingthestimulusA,DBindicationofthelevelanddurationoftheresponsetothestimulusobservethefrequencyanddurationofvariousstimuli23betweenthetwomeasuresprovidestheresearcherwithanindicationofthelevelanddurationoftheresponsetothestimulus.迷惑選項(xiàng)：B,C,D原文均沒有提及該信息456B信息錯(cuò)誤，原文沒提及itseemsthatsomeinfantsdevelopaparticularperceptualabilityCusetechniquesthatwillprovideconclusiveD信息錯(cuò)誤，原文沒提及theirobserveddataisoften7techniqueshave emuchmoresophisticated,reducingthelimitationsjustpresented針對(duì)上段的問題，提出解決方案。8910inwhichasinglestimulusispresentedrepeatedlytotheinfantuntilthereisameasurabledecline(habituation)inwhateverattendingbehaviorisbeingobserved.Atthatpointanewstimulusispresented,andanyrecovery(dishabituation)inresponsivenessisrecorded相符B,DCcontinuestoshowhabituationwiththenewstimulus,itisassumedthatthebabyisunabletoperceivethenewstimulusasdifferent即為不能區(qū)分刺激的表現(xiàn)11因果推理，原文信息whichareelectricalbrainresponsesthatmayberelatedtoaparticularstimulusbecauseofwheretheyoriginate，推理線索因?yàn)榉磻?yīng)產(chǎn)生的地方，所以針對(duì)特定的刺激有大腦電反應(yīng)。迷惑選項(xiàng)：A,B,D12weknowthattheneonateofonlyafewdaysisfarmoreperceptivethanpreviously