沃納·賽佛林《傳播理論：起源、方法與應(yīng)用》（第5版）配套題庫【考研真題精選＋章節(jié)題庫】

絎竴閮ㄥ垎銆€鑰冪爺鐪熼綺鵑€?/a>

涓€銆佹蹇甸

1綺劇‘鏂伴椈瀛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[娓呭崕澶у2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)綺劇‘鏂伴椈瀛﹀張縐扮簿紜柊闂諱綋銆佺簿紜柊闂繪姤閬擄紝鏄寚璁拌€呭湪閲囪鏂伴椈鏃訛紝榪愮敤璋冩煡銆佸疄楠屽拰鍐呭鍒嗘瀽絳夌ぞ浼?xì)珏鐮斀I舵柟娉曟潵鏀墮泦璧勬枡銆佹煡璇佷簨瀹烇紝浠庤€屾姤閬撴柊闂匯€傜敱緹庡浗瀛﹁€呫€佹柊闂昏鑰呰彶鍒╂櫘路榪堣€跺湪20涓栫邯60騫翠唬鎻愬嚭銆傚叾鐗圭偣鏄敤綺劇‘鐨勬暟鎹€佹蹇墊潵鍒嗘瀽鏂伴椈浜嬩歡錛屽敖鍙兘閬垮厤涓昏鐨勩€佷漢涓虹殑閿欒錛屼粠鑰屼嬌鏂伴椈鎶ラ亾鏇村姞瀹㈣銆佸叕姝ｃ€佷護(hù)浜轟俊鏈嶃€傝繖涓€鏂伴椈鎶ラ亾鐞嗚鍦?0涓栫邯70騫翠唬椋庤浜庣編鍥芥柊闂葷晫錛屽悗浼犻亶涓栫晫鍚勫浗鏂伴椈鐣屻€?0涓栫邯80騫翠唬錛屼腑鍥芥柊闂葷晫寮€濮嬭繍鐢ㄨ繖縐嶆柊闂繪姤閬撶悊璁哄拰鏂規(guī)硶鎶ラ亾鏂伴椈淇℃伅銆?/p>

2媯遍暅闂ㄤ簨浠?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[娓呭崕澶у2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)媯遍暅闂ㄤ簨浠舵槸鎸囧彂鐢熷湪2013騫寸殑緹庡浗鎯呮姤灞€娉勫瘑浜嬩歡銆?013騫?鏈堬紝鍓嶄腑鎯呭眬鑱屽憳鐖卞痙鍗幝鋒柉璇虹櫥灝嗕袱浠界粷瀵嗚祫鏂欎氦緇欒嫳鍥姐€婂崼鎶ャ€嬪拰緹庡浗銆婂崕鐩涢】閭姤銆嬶紝璇稿縐樺瘑琚姭闇詫細(xì)緹庡浗鍥藉瀹夊叏灞€鏈変竴欏逛唬鍙蜂負(fù)鈥滄１闀溾€濈殑縐樺瘑欏圭洰錛岃姹傜數(shù)淇″法澶村▉鐟炴．鍏徃蹇呴』姣忓ぉ涓婁氦鏁扮櫨涓囩敤鎴風(fēng)殑閫氳瘽璁板綍銆傝繃鍘?騫撮棿錛岀編鍥藉浗瀹跺畨鍏ㄥ眬鍜岃仈閭﹁皟鏌ュ眬閫氳繃榪涘叆寰蔣銆佽胺姝屻€佽嫻鏋溿€侀泤铏庣瓑涔?jié)澶Ь|戠粶宸ㄥご鐨勬湇鍔″櫒錛屼竴鐩村湪榪涜鏁版嵁鎸栨帢宸ヤ綔錛屼粠闊抽銆佽棰戙€佸浘鐗囥€侀偖浠躲€佹枃?。浠ュ?qiáng)杩炴帴淇℃伕垎鏋愪笣h鐨勮仈緋繪柟寮忎笌琛屽姩銆傜洃鎺х殑綾誨瀷鏈?0綾伙細(xì)淇℃伅鐢?shù)閭Q屽嵆鏃舵秷鎭紝瑙嗛錛岀収鐗囷紝瀛樺偍鏁版嵁錛岃闊寵亰澶╋紝鏂囦歡浼犺緭錛岃棰戜細(xì)璁紝鐧誨綍鏃墮棿錛岀ぞ浜ょ綉緇滆祫鏂欑殑緇嗚妭錛屽叾涓寘鎷袱涓瀵嗙洃瑙嗛」鐩紝涓€鏄洃瑙嗐€佺洃鍚皯浼楃數(shù)璇濈殑閫氳瘽璁板綍錛屼簩鏄洃瑙嗘皯浼楃殑緗戠粶媧誨姩銆?/p>

3鎷熸€佺幆澧?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[騫垮窞澶у2023騫寸爺錛涗腑灞卞ぇ瀛?022騫寸爺錛涘崡寮€澶у2018騫寸爺錛涜亰鍩庡ぇ瀛?017騫寸爺錛涙箻娼ぇ瀛?015騫寸爺錛涙竻鍗庡ぇ瀛?014騫寸爺錛涗腑浼?014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鎷熸€佺幆澧冿紝鏄寚鐢卞ぇ浼椾紶鎾椿鍔ㄥ艦鎴愮殑淇℃伅鐜錛屾槸璇存槑澶т紬浼犳挱紺句細(xì)褰卞搷鍔涚殑閲嶈姒傚康錛岀敱緹庡浗瀛﹁€呮潕鏅浖鍦ㄥ叾鎵€钁楃殑銆婂叕浼楄垎璁恒€嬩竴涔︿腑鎻愬嚭銆傚畠騫朵笉鏄瑙傜幆澧冪殑闀滃瓙寮忓啀鐜幫紝鑰屾槸澶т紬浼犳挱濯掍粙閫氳繃瀵規(guī)柊闂誨拰淇℃伅鐨勯€夋嫨銆佸姞宸ュ拰鎶ラ亾錛岄噸鏂板姞浠ョ粨鏋勫寲浠ュ悗鍚戜漢浠墍鎻愮ず鐨勭幆澧冦€備紶鎾獟浠嬪ぇ澶氬叿鏈夌壒瀹氱殑鍊懼悜鎬э紝鍥犺€屸€滄嫙鎬佺幆澧冣€濆茍涓嶆槸瀹㈣鐜鐨勫啀鐜幫紝鍙槸涓€縐嶁€滆薄寰佹€х殑鐜鈥濄€?/p>

4浜岀駭浼犳挱鐞嗚[娓呭崕澶у2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)浜岀駭浼犳挱鐞嗚鏄編鍥戒紶鎾瀹舵媺鎵庢柉鑿插皵寰風(fēng)瓑20涓栫邯40騫翠唬鍦ㄣ€婁漢姘戠殑閫夋嫨銆嬩腑鎻愬嚭鐨勭悊璁哄亣璇淬€備簩綰т紶鎾悊璁鴻涓猴紝澶т紬浼犳挱鐨勪俊鎭拰褰卞搷涓嶆槸鐩存帴嫻佸悜涓€鑸殑鍙椾紬鐨勶紝鑰屾槸瑕佺粡榪囨剰瑙侀琚栫殑涓粙錛屽嵆澶т紬浼犳挱鈥斺€旀剰瑙侀琚栤€斺€斾竴鑸彈浼椼€傛剰瑙侀琚栨寚鐨勬槸閭ｄ簺瀵瑰ぇ浼楀獟浠嬩繚鎸佽緝澶氭帴瑙︼紝鍦ㄧ壒瀹氶鍩熻兘澶熷浠栦漢鍙戞尌涓漢褰卞搷鐨勪漢銆備簩綰т紶鎾悊璁虹殑鎰忎箟鍦ㄤ簬鎻ず澶т紬浼犳挱榪囩▼涓殑浜洪檯褰卞搷錛屽己璋冨ぇ浼椾紶鎾殑鏁堟灉鍙楀埌浜洪檯浼犳挱鐨勫埗綰︺€?/p>

紺句細(xì)瀛﹀緗楁澃鏂湪鑰冨療鍐滄潙闈╂柊浜嬬墿鐨勬櫘鍙?qiáng)杩嚱E嬫椂錛屾妸澶т紬浼犳挱鍖哄垎涓衡€滀俊鎭祦鈥濆拰鈥滃獎(jiǎng)鍝嶆祦鈥濓紝璁や負(fù)淇℃伅鐨勪紶鎾彲浠ユ槸鈥滀竴綰р€濈殑錛屽嵆濯掍粙淇℃伅鍙互鐩存帴鎶佃揪涓€鑸彈浼楋紱鑰屽獎(jiǎng)鍝嶇殑浼犳挱鍒欐槸鈥淣綰р€濈殑錛屽叾闂寸粡榪囧ぇ澶у皬灝忕殑鎰忚棰嗚鐨勪腑浠嬨€傝繖鏍蜂竴鏉ワ紝涓ょ駭浼犳挱鍋囪渚垮彂灞曟垚鈥淣綰т紶鎾€濆亣璇淬€?/p>

5灝煎皵路娉㈠吂鏇?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[娓呭崕澶у2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)灝煎皵路娉㈠吂鏇兼槸涓栫晫钁楀悕鐨勫獟浣撴枃鍖栫爺絀惰€呭拰鎵硅瘎瀹訛紝鐢熷墠涓€鐩村湪綰界害澶у浠繪暀銆備粬鍦ㄧ航綰﹀ぇ瀛﹂鍒涗簡(jiǎn)濯掍綋鐢熸€佸涓撲笟銆傛嘗鍏規(guī)浖璁や負(fù)鐢?shù)桎紶濯掔殑濞变箰鏈€т嬌寰楅潪濞變箰鎬х殑淇℃伅涓嶅緱涓嶅湪鈥滃０鍍忊€濅笂鍖呰鑷繁錛屾渶緇堝鑷磋繖浜涗俊鎭湪鍐呮兜涓婄緝姘淬€傚彟澶栫敱浜庣數(shù)瑙嗕紶濯掍粎浠呮槸鍗曞悜娌熼€氾紝鏃犳硶涓庤浼楄繘琛屾湁鎰忎箟鐨勪氦嫻侊紝瀹冧篃灝辨病鍔炴硶瀹炶鏁欒偛鐨勮亴璐ｃ€傛嘗鍏規(guī)浖娣卞寲浜?jiǎn)浼犲獟鐞嗚彘┉嚍當(dāng)路楹﹀厠鍗㈡眽鐨勮鐐瑰Q岃涓轟笉鍚岀殑浼犲獟閫傚悎浼犳挱涓嶅悓鐨勪俊鎭€備粬鐨勮憲浣溿€婂ū涔愯嚦姝匯€嬪拰銆婄騫寸殑娑堥€濄€嬮兘鏄叾瀵硅タ鏂瑰獟浠嬩綋鍒惰漿鍨嬫繁娣辯殑蹇ц檻鍜屽弽鎬濈殑浜х墿錛岃繖鍦ㄥ綋鏃惰タ鏂規(guī)枃鍖栫晫浜х敓浜?jiǎn)娣睒q滅殑褰卞搷銆?/p>

6瑙傜偣鐨勮嚜鐢卞競(jìng)鍦?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[娓呭崕澶у2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鈥滆鐐圭殑鑷敱甯?jìng)鍦衡€濇槸瑗挎柟鑷敱涓諱箟鏂伴椈瀛︿腑鐨勪竴涓悊璁恒€傛渶鏃╂槸鐢辮嫳鍥芥斂璁哄銆佹枃瀛﹀綰︾堪路寮ュ皵欏挎彁鍑虹殑錛屽悗緇忕編鍥芥斂娌誨鎵橀┈鏂鋒澃鏂愰€婁互鍙?qiáng)鑻卞浗鏀挎舱d綰︾堪路綾沖皵鍙戝睍鏀硅繘銆傚譏灝?dāng)椤胯湄?fù)鐪熺悊鏄€氳繃鍚勭鎰忚銆佽鐐逛箣闂磋嚜鐢辮京璁哄拰绔炰簤鑾峰緱鐨勶紝鑰岄潪鏉冨姏璧愪簣鐨勩€傚繀欏誨厑璁稿悇縐嶆€濇兂銆佽█璁恒€佷環(huán)鍊艱鍦ㄧぞ浼?xì)涓婅嚁辩殑娴佽锛屽鍚屼竴涓嚜鐢卞競(jìng)鍦轟竴鏍鳳紝鎵嶈兘璁╀漢浠湪姣旇緝鍜岄壌鍒腑璁よ瘑鐪熺悊銆傗€滆鐐圭殑鑷敱甯?jìng)鍦衡€濅互鍙?qiáng)涓庝箣鐩稿叧鐨勨€滆鐐圭殑鑷垜淇鈥濈悊璁哄悗鏉ョО涓鴻嚜鐢變富涔夋柊闂誨鐨勭悊璁烘牴鍩猴紝涔熸槸瑗挎柟鏂伴椈鑷敱鐨勭悊璁烘牴鍩恒€傚敖綆″湪20涓栫邯50騫翠唬鍙楀埌浜?jiǎn)鏉ヨ嚲庡浗绀句細(xì)璐ｄ蝗潗嗚鐨勪垮Q屼絾鑷充粖浠嶅瑗挎柟鏂伴椈鐣屼駭鐢熺潃寮哄ぇ鑰屾寔涔呯殑褰卞搷銆?/p>

7钂欏お濂?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[娓呭崕澶у2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)钂欏お濂囨槸鎸囨牴鎹獎(jiǎng)瑙嗕綔鍝佹墍瑕佽〃杈劇殑鍐呭閫昏緫浠ュ強(qiáng)瑙備紬鐨勬敹瑙嗗績(jī)鐞嗭紝灝嗗墠鏈熸媿鎽勪笅鏉ョ殑璁稿闀滃ご鎸夌収鏃㈠畾鐨勬瀯鎬濈粍鎺ヨ搗鏉ャ€傝嫳鏂囧悕縐癕ontage錛屾潵鑷硶鏂嘙onter錛堢粍鎺ワ級(jí)錛屾渶鍒濇槸寤虹瓚瀛︽湳璇紝鎰忎負(fù)緇勫悎銆佹瀯鎴愩€佽閰嶃€傛棭鏈熺數(shù)褰變弗鏍兼潵璇存病鏈夎挋澶錛屼竴鑸涓烘槸緹庡浗瀵兼紨澶у崼路娌冨厠路鏍奸噷鑿叉柉鏄涓€涓嚜瑙変嬌鐢ㄨ挋澶鐨勪漢銆傝挋澶鏃綔涓轟竴縐嶇敾闈㈢粍鎺ュ壀杈戞妧宸у瓨鍦紝涔熷彲浠ョ悊瑙ｄ負(fù)涓€縐嶅獎(jiǎng)瑙嗙編瀛︾殑鎬濈淮瑙傚康錛岃瘡絀夸簬鍒涗綔媧誨姩浠庢瀯鎬濋€夋潗鍒版媿鎽勫埗浣滅殑鏁翠釜鐜妭銆?/p>

8鑻卞凹鏂?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[涓紶2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鑻卞凹鏂槸鏈€鏈夊獎(jiǎng)鍝嶇殑濯掍粙鍐沖畾璁鴻€呬箣涓€錛屽浼﹀瀛︽淳鐨勯薊紲栵紝楹﹀厠鍗㈡眽鐨勮€佸笀銆?0涓栫邯40騫翠唬浠栦粠鍔犳嬁澶х粡嫻庡彶閫愭笎杞悜浜?jiǎn)邃汉绫绘枃鏄庡彶鐨勭爺绌跺Q屽湪浼犳挱涓庡獟浠嬬爺絀舵柟闈㈢殑浠ｈ〃浣滃寘鎷€婂笣鍥戒笌浼犳挱銆嬪拰銆婁紶鎾殑鍋忓悜銆嬨€備粬鎻愬嚭鐨勪富瑕佺悊璁烘槸濯掍粙鍋忓悜璁猴紝浠栬涓猴紝娌℃湁涓€鏍蜂紶鎾獟浠嬫槸涓嶅叿鏈夋椂闂村拰絀洪棿鐨勫亸鍚戠殑錛岃€岃繖縐嶆垨鍋忓悜鏃墮棿鎴栧亸鍚戠┖闂寸殑鐗規(guī)€э紝褰卞搷浜?jiǎn)绀句細(xì)鐨勭煡璇嗙姸鍐点€佹潈鍔涚粨鏋勫拰鏀挎不褰㈡€併€備粬璁や負(fù)錛屽亸鍚戞椂闂寸殑濯掍粙鍖呮嫭璇█銆佺煶澶淬€侀粡鍦熴€佺緤鐨焊絳夛紝瀹冧滑鍏卞悓鐨勭壒鐐規(guī)槸姣旇緝鑰愪箙錛岃兘澶熷厠鏈嶆椂闂寸殑闅滅浣嗘槸涓嶉€傚悎嫻侀€氬拰浼犳挱銆傝繖縐嶅獟浠嬫湁鍔╀簬鏍?wèi)绔嬫潈濞併€佸艦鎴愮瓑綰ф．涓ョ殑紺句細(xì)浣撳埗錛屾湁鍒╀簬浼犵粺鍜屽畻鏁欑殑紼沖畾鎬с€傜劧鑰岃繖縐嶅獟浠嬬殑鏃墮棿鎬т嬌寰楀畠鏃犳硶鍙?qiáng)浜帢q滄柟錛屼篃瀵艱嚧浜?jiǎn)绀句細(xì)鐨勪笉鍧囪　銆傚亸鍚戠┖闂寸殑濯掍粙鍖呮嫭鏂囧瓧銆佺焊寮犱互鍙?qiáng)鏇存棭鏈熺殑绾歌帋鑽壗{夈€傝繖浜涗笢瑗夸綔涓哄獟浠嬬殑鍏卞悓鐗圭偣鏄紝铏界劧緇忎笉璧鋒椂闂寸殑閿€铓€錛屼絾鏄潪甯歌交渚挎槗鎼猴紝鍙互鍏嬫湇絀洪棿鐨勯殰紕嶃€傝繖縐嶅獟浠嬫湁鍔╀簬甯濆浗鐨勬墿寮犮€佺煡璇嗙殑鎵╂暎浠ュ強(qiáng)涓栦織鏀挎潈鐨勫緩绔嬨€傚畠鑳藉甯姪涓ぎ鏀挎潈鎺у埗鏇村ぇ鐨勭枂鐣岋紝浣嗘槸鍗存湁鍙兘鍓婂急涓ぎ鐨勬潈濞併€?/p>

9鏁板瓧楦挎矡[鍗庝腑甯堣寖澶у2022騫寸爺錛涙壃宸炲ぇ瀛?022騫寸爺錛涘崕渚ㄥぇ瀛?022騫寸爺錛涗腑浼?014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鈥滄暟瀛楅縛娌熲€濇槸鎸囩敱浜庝俊鎭拰閫氫俊鎶€鏈殑鍏ㄧ悆鍙戝睍鍜屽簲鐢紝閫犳垚鎴栨媺澶х殑鍥戒笌鍥戒箣闂翠互鍙?qiáng)鍥藉鍐呴儴缇や綋涔嬮棿鐨勫贩濄€傚ぇ浼椾紶鎾殑淇℃伅浼犺揪媧誨姩鏃犺鏄紺句細(xì)緇忔祹鍦頒綅楂樿€呰繕鏄綆鑰呴兘浼?xì)甯︽潵鐭ヨ瘑閲忕殑邋姞锛屼絾鐢变簬绀句細(xì)缁弸箮鍦颁綅楂樼殑錆h鑾峰緱淇℃伅鍜岀煡璇嗙殑閫熷害澶уぇ蹇簬鍚庤€咃紝闅忕潃鏃墮棿鐨勬帹縐伙紝鏈€緇堢殑緇撴灉鏄袱鑰呬箣闂寸殑楦挎矡涓嶆柇鍙樺錛屽樊璺濅笉鏂墿澶с€傚鑷存暟瀛楅縛娌熺殑鍘熷洜鏈夛細(xì)鈶?/span>鎺ヨЕ濯掍粙鍜屽涔?fàn)鐭ヨ瘑鐨劸l忔祹鏉′歡錛?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>浼犳挱鎶€鑳戒笂鐨勫樊寮傦紱鈶?/span>宸叉湁鐭ヨ瘑鍌ㄥ瓨閲忎笂鐨勫樊寮傦紱鈶?/span>紺句氦鑼冨洿鐨勫樊寮傦紱鈶?/span>淇℃伅鐨勯€夋嫨鎬ф帴瑙︺€佺悊瑙ｅ拰璁板繂鐨勫洜绱狅紱鈶?/span>澶т紬浼犳挱濯掍粙鐨勬€ц川銆?/p>

10娼滅綉鐞嗚[瑗垮畨浜ゅぇ2022騫寸爺]銆佹綔緗?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[涓紶2014騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)娼滅綉鐞嗚鏄帶鍒剁爺絀剁殑閲嶈鐞嗚錛屾槸鎸囦換浣曞浜庣壒瀹氱ぞ浼?xì)鐜涓殑浼犳挭掍粙閮芥媴璐熺潃紺句細(xì)鎺у埗鐨勮亴鑳斤紝鑰岃繖綾繪帶鍒跺線寰€鏄竴縐嶆綔縐婚粯鍖栥€佷笉鏄撳療瑙夌殑榪囩▼錛岀敤涓€涓艦璞＄殑璇嶆潵姒傛嫭灝辨槸娼滅綉銆傚鍒氳笍鍏ユ柊闂葷晫鐨勫勾杞昏鑰呮棤鎵€欏懼繉銆佹暍浣滄暍涓猴紝浣嗘渶緇堜細(xì)鍙樺緱鍚岃€佽鑰呬竴鏍峰驚瑙勮箞鐭╋紝灝嗚嚜宸遍€愭笎铻嶅叆閭ｅ紶娼滅綉銆傝繖寮犳綔緗戜究鏄竷閲屽痙鎵€璇寸殑緙栬緫閮ㄤ腑鐨勭ぞ浼?xì)鎺у埗銆傛綔緗戜竴鏂歸潰鍙互紜繚濯掍粙緇勭粐鐨勪紶鎺堟剰鍚戦『鍒╄瘡褰諱笅鍘伙紝鍙︿竴鏂歸潰榪橀槻姝笉鎳傝鐭╃殑鏂版潵鑰呭濯掍粙緇勭粐鏃㈠畾琛岃鐨勫共鎵般€傚竷閲屽痙璁や負(fù)娼滅綉瀛樺湪鐨勫師鍥犳槸紺句細(xì)鐨勪富瑕侀棶棰樺氨鏄淮鎶ょЗ搴忓拰澧炲己鍑濊仛鍔涳紝灝ゅ叾鏄繚鎸佷環(huán)鍊間綋緋葷殑涓€鑷淬€傛殫瀛樺湪濯掍粙涓殑榪欑鎺у埗緗戠粶鏄壒瀹氱ぞ浼?xì)鐜涓洿澶ц寖鍥寸殑绀句細(xì)鎺у埗浣摼p葷殑鎶樺皠銆?/p>

11緗戠粶铏氭嫙紺懼尯[澶嶆棪澶у2013騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)緗戠粶铏氭嫙紺懼尯鏄寚涓€緹や富瑕佸€熺敱璁＄畻鏈虹綉緇滃郊姝ゆ矡閫氱殑浜轟滑錛屼粬浠郊姝ゆ湁鏌愮紼嬪害鐨勮璇嗐€佸垎浜煇縐嶇▼搴︾殑鐭ヨ瘑鍜屼俊鎭€佸湪寰堝ぇ紼嬪害涓婂鍚屽寰呮湅鍙嬭埇褰兼鍏蟲€€錛屼粠鑰屾墍褰㈡垚鐨勫洟浣撱€傛渶鏃╃殑鍏充簬铏氭嫙紺懼尯鐨勫畾涔夌敱鐟炴牸灝?dāng)瀵d鍋氬嚭錛屼粬鎸囧嚭錛岀綉緇滆櫄鎷熺ぞ鍖轟箣闂寸殑涓綋瀛樺湪鐫€鐩鎬簰浼犳挱銆佺浉浜掑獎(jiǎng)鍝嶃€佺浉浜掑埗綰︾殑鍏崇郴鍜岀壒鐐廣€?/p>

12闃垮璇?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[涓紶2013騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)闃垮璇猴紙T錛嶹錛嶢dorno錛夋槸寰峰浗鍝插瀹躲€佺ぞ浼?xì)鎬濇兂瀹訛紝娉曞叞鍏嬬瀛︽淳鎵瑰垽鐞嗚鐨勪富瑕佷唬琛ㄤ漢鐗╀箣涓€銆備粬璁や負(fù)鏂囧寲宸ヤ笟鍗冪瘒涓€寰嬬殑浜у搧瀹圭撼浜?jiǎn)鍖呰鍚庣殑鎰忚瘑迮炴€侊紝閫犳垚鏂囪壓浣滃搧鐨勬爣鍑嗗寲銆佹ā寮忓寲鍜岀畝鍗曞寲錛屼篃甯︽潵鏂囧寲娑堣垂鐨勭墿鍖栥€傞樋澶氳浜?938騫村埌鏅灄鏂】澶у騫挎挱鐮旂┒瀹ゆ媴浠婚煶涔愰儴闂ㄧ殑璐熻矗浜猴紝瀵歸樋澶氳鏉ヨ錛屸€滄妸瀹為獙瀵硅薄鐨勫弽搴旂湅浣滅ぞ浼?xì)珏鐭ヨ瘑涔嬫渶緇堟簮娉夌殑鐮旂┒鏂規(guī)硶鏄瀬涓鴻偆嫻呯殑鈥濓紝鏁版嵁鍙笉榪囨槸璇佹槑紺句細(xì)鐞嗚鐨勬紜€х殑闄勫睘鐜拌薄鑰屽凡銆傚湪鏅灄鏂】澶у騫挎挱鐮旂┒瀹ゆ湡闂達(dá)紝闃垮璇轟緷鐒跺潥鎸佽嚜宸辯殑鎵瑰垽鎬佸害鍜岃京璇佺殑鍒嗘瀽鏂規(guī)硶錛屽洜姝ゅ紩璧峰晢涓氬箍鎾祫鏈殑涓嶆弧銆?939騫寸錛屾礇鍏嬭彶鍕掕儲(chǔ)鍥㈠仠姝簡(jiǎn)瀵硅闊充箰鐮旂┒欏圭洰鐨勮祫鍔╋紝闃垮璇轟篃鍥犳紱誨紑浜?jiǎn)杩欎笭斀I跺銆傞樋澶氳鐨勪富瑕佽憲浣滄湁錛氥€婂惎钂欑殑杈╄瘉娉曘€嬶紙1947錛屼笌M錛庨湇鍏嬫搗榛樺悎钁楋級(jí)銆併€婃潈濞佷富涔変漢鏍箋€嬶紙1950錛夈€併€婂惁瀹氱殑杈╄瘉娉曘€嬶紙1966錛夈€併€婄編瀛︾悊璁恒€嬶紙1970錛夌瓑銆?/p>

13妗嗘灦鐞嗚[涓紶2013騫寸爺]銆佹鏋?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[鍖椾含澶у2022騫寸爺]

鐩稿叧璇曢錛?/span>鏂伴椈妗嗘灦錛坣ewsframe錛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[鍗楀紑澶у2019騫寸爺錛涙竻鍗庡ぇ瀛?012騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)妗嗘灦鐞嗚鏄ぞ浼?xì)邋E錛庢垐澶浖鍦?974騫村嚭鐗堢殑銆婃鏋跺垎鏋愩€嬩竴涔︿腑鎻愬嚭鐨勶紝鈥滄鏋舵槸鎸囦漢浠敤鏉ヨ璇嗗拰闃愰噴澶栧湪瀹㈣涓栫晫鐨勮鐭ョ粨鏋勶紝浜轟滑瀵逛簬鐜板疄鐢熸椿緇忛獙鐨勫綊綰熾€佺粨鏋勪笌闃愰噴閮戒緷璧栦竴瀹氱殑妗嗘灦錛屾鏋朵嬌寰椾漢浠兘澶熷畾浣嶃€佹劅鐭ャ€佺悊瑙ｃ€佸綊綰充紬澶氬叿浣撲俊鎭€傗€濆嵆妗嗘灦錛坒rame錛変綔涓轟竴瀹氱殑鐭ヨ瘑浣撶郴鎴栬鐭ュ畾鍔塊瀛樺湪鎴戜滑鐨勫ぇ鑴戜腑錛屽畠鏉ヨ嚜榪囧幓瀹為檯鐢熸椿鐨勭粡楠岋紝鏍規(guī)嵁鏃㈡湁鐨勬鏋舵潵鈥滃緩鏋勨€濓紙framing錛夊鏂頒簨鐗╃殑璁よ瘑銆傛垜浠牴鎹棦鏈夌殑妗嗘灦鏉モ€滃緩鏋勨€濓紙framing錛夊鏂頒簨鐗╃殑璁よ瘑銆?0涓栫邯80騫翠唬寮€濮嬶紝妗嗘灦鐞嗚寮€濮嬪紩榪涘埌鏂伴椈涓庝紶鎾爺絀墮鍩燂紝騫剁敱姝よ癁鐢熲€滃獟浠嬫鏋垛€濓紙mediaframe錛夊拰鈥滄柊闂繪鏋垛€濓紙newsframe錛変袱涓鏈蹇點(diǎn)€傛鏋舵蹇靛紩鍏ヤ紶鎾鐮旂┒棰嗗煙鍚庡緱鍒板箍娉涚殑搴旂敤錛屾槸20涓栫邯90騫翠唬浠ユ潵浣跨敤棰戠巼鏈€楂樺拰鏈€鍙楀叧娉ㄧ殑鐮旂┒棰嗗煙銆?/p>

14浜掓枃鎬?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[閮戝窞澶у2023騫寸爺錛涗腑浼?013騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鈥滀簰鏂囨€р€濆張縐扳€滄枃鏈棿鎬р€濓紝鏄寚浠諱綍鏂囨湰鐨勫艦鎴愰兘涓庤鏂囨湰涔嬪鐨勭鍙風(fēng)郴緇熺浉鍏寵仈錛岄兘鏄鍏朵粬鏂囨湰鐨勫惛鏀跺拰杞崲錛屽嵆鍦ㄤ竴涓枃鏈箣鍐呭紩鐢ㄣ€佽瀺鍏ャ€佹寚娑夊叾浠栨枃鏈€備簰鏂囨€х殑鎻愬嚭鎵╁睍浜?jiǎn)鏂囧鐮斀I剁殑瑙嗛噹錛屾繁鍖栦簡(jiǎn)浜轟滑瀵規(guī)枃鏈剰涔夌殑鐞嗚В銆備簰鏂囨€х悊璁轟綔涓轟竴縐嶈癁鐢熶簬緇撴瀯涓諱箟鍜屽悗緇撴瀯涓諱箟鐨勬枃鏈悊璁猴紝宸茬粡澶уぇ紿佺牬浜?jiǎn)鐞嗚鐮斀I跺拰鍙搷浣滄€ф壒璇勬湳璇殑鑼冨洿錛屽畠浠ュ叾瀵規(guī)枃瀛︿紶緇熺殑鍖呭鎬с€佸鏂囧鐮旂┒瑙嗛噹鐨勫彲鎷撳睍鎬э紝鍦ㄦ枃瀛︾爺絀跺拰鏂囧鍐欎綔涓壆婕旂潃瓚婃潵瓚婇噸瑕佺殑瑙掕壊銆備綔涓轟竴縐嶉噸瑕佺殑鏂囨湰鐞嗚錛屼簰鏂囨€х悊璁烘敞閲嶅皢澶栧湪鐨勫獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅拰鍔涢噺鏂囨湰鍖栵紝涓€鍒囪澧冩棤璁烘槸鏀挎不鐨勩€佸巻鍙茬殑錛屾垨紺句細(xì)鐨勩€佸績(jī)鐞嗙殑閮藉彉鎴愪簡(jiǎn)浜掓枃鏈紝榪欐牱鏂囨湰鎬т唬鏇夸簡(jiǎn)鏂囧錛屼簰鏂囨€у彇浠ｄ簡(jiǎn)浼犵粺錛岃嚜涓匯€佽嚜瓚崇殑鏂囧瑙傚康涔熼殢涔嬭鎵撶牬銆備簰鏂囨€х悊璁哄皢瑙ｆ瀯涓諱箟鐨勩€佹柊鍘嗗彶涓諱箟鐨勶紝涔冭嚦鍚庣幇浠ｄ富涔夌殑鏂囧鎵硅瘎鐨勫悎鐞嗗洜绱犻兘綰沖叆浜?jiǎn)鍏朵綋绯讳箣鍐呭Q屼粠鑰屼篃浣胯嚜韜湪闃愰噴涓婂叿鏈変簡(jiǎn)澶氬悜搴︾殑鍙兘銆?/p>

15濯掍粙绱犲吇錛坢edialiteracy錛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[姹曞ご澶у2021騫寸爺錛涙竻鍗庡ぇ瀛?012騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)1992騫寸編鍥藉獟浠嬬礌鍏葷爺絀朵腑蹇?jī)缁欏囖Z簡(jiǎn)濡備笅瀹氫箟錛氬獟浠嬬礌鍏繪槸鎸囦漢浠潰瀵瑰獟浠嬪悇縐嶄俊鎭椂鐨勯€夋嫨鑳藉姏銆佺悊瑙ｈ兘鍔涖€佽川鐤戣兘鍔涖€佽瘎浼拌兘鍔涖€佸垱閫犲拰鐢熶駭鑳藉姏浠ュ強(qiáng)鎬濊鯨鐨勫弽搴旇兘鍔涖€傚姞寮哄獟浠嬬礌鍏繪暀鑲詫紝鍏舵剰涔変笉浠呭湪鎻愬崌鏅€氬叕浼楃Н鏋佸埄鐢ㄥ獟浠嬬殑鑳藉姏錛岃繕鍦ㄤ簬鎻愬崌鍙椾紬瀵瑰獟浠嬭鎭殑閫夋嫨銆佹壒鍒ゃ€佷嬌鐢ㄨ兘鍔涳紝浣夸箣鎴愪負(fù)寤烘瀯鍋ュ悍濯掍粙鐢熸€佸繀涓嶅彲灝戠殑涓€鐜€傚獟浠嬬礌鍏諱笉浠呰瑙嗕負(fù)鍏紬鍒惰濯掍粙涓嶈壇琛ㄧ幇鐨勫姏閲忥紝鑰屼笖浣滀負(fù)鍏皯鏉冨埄鍜岃矗浠葷殑緇勬垚閮ㄥ垎錛屽獟浠嬬礌鍏繪棬鍦ㄥ己鍖栧叕浼楃殑浼犳挱鏉冿紝浠ュ強(qiáng)鍏紬瀵瑰ぇ浼椾紶濯掑湪姘戜富鏈哄埗涓彂鎸ユ闈綔鐢ㄦ墍鎷呰礋鐨勮矗浠匯€?/p>

16鈥滅涓変漢鏁堟灉鈥濓紙thethird-personeffect錛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[瑗垮寳鏀挎硶2023騫寸爺錛涗笂嫻峰笀鑼冨ぇ瀛?022騫寸爺錛涙睍澶村ぇ瀛?021騫寸爺錛涙竻鍗庡ぇ瀛?012騫寸爺]銆佺涓変漢鏁堟灉鐞嗚[鍗楀紑澶у2018騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鈥滅涓変漢鏁堟灉鈥濈悊璁虹敱緹庡浗鍝ヤ雞姣斾簹澶у鐨刉.P.鎴寸淮媯簬1983騫存彁鍑恒€備粬璁や負(fù)錛屼漢浠湪鍒ゆ柇澶т紬浼犳挱鐨勫獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅姏涔嬮檯瀛樺湪鐫€涓€縐嶆櫘閬嶇殑鎰熺煡瀹氬娍錛屽嵆鍊懼悜浜庤涓哄ぇ浼楀獟浠嬬殑淇℃伅錛堝挨鍏舵槸璇存湇鎬т俊鎭垨瀹ｄ紶浠ュ強(qiáng)璐熼潰淇℃伅錛夊鈥滄垜鈥濇垨鈥滀綘鈥濇湭蹇呮湁澶氬ぇ褰卞搷錛岀劧鑰屼細(xì)瀵光€滀粬鈥濅漢浜х敓涓嶅彲浼伴噺鐨勫獎(jiǎng)鍝嶃€傜敱浜庤繖縐嶆劅鐭ュ畾鍔跨殑浣滅敤錛屽ぇ浼椾紶鎾殑褰卞搷鍜屾晥鏋滐紝閫氬父涓嶆槸鍦ㄤ紶濯掓寚鍚戠殑琛ㄩ潰鍙椾紬涓洿鎺ュ彂鐢熺殑錛岃€屾槸閫氳繃涓庝粬浠浉鍏崇殑鈥滅涓変漢鈥濓紙thethirdperson錛夌殑鍙嶅簲琛屼負(fù)瀹炵幇鐨勩€傛埓緇存．鎶婅繖縐嶇幇璞℃垨榪欑褰卞搷鏈哄埗縐頒負(fù)鈥滅涓変漢鏁堟灉鈥濄€?/p>

17寮ュ皵欏匡紙JohnMilton錛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[娓呭崕澶у2012騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)綰︾堪路寮ュ皵欏挎槸鑻卞浗浼熷ぇ鐨勮瘲浜恒€佽祫浜ч樁綰ч潻鍛藉鍜屾斂娌誨錛屽叾鍑虹増鑷敱鎬濇兂浠?8涓栫邯璧峰彈鍒伴噸瑙嗭紝鏄€滆嚜鐢變富涔夋柊闂葷悊璁衡€濈殑鎬濇兂鏉ユ簮涔嬩竴銆?644騫村彂琛ㄧ殑銆婅鍑虹増鑷敱銆嬶紝鏄笘鐣屼笂絎竴鏈彁鍊″嚭鐗堣嚜鐢憋紝鍙嶅灝佸緩浼犵粺涔﹀垔媯€(gè)鏌ュ埗搴︾殑钁椾綔銆?649騫存煡鐞嗕竴涓栬澶勬鍚庯紝鍙戣〃銆婅鍥界帇涓庡畼鍚忕殑鑱屾潈銆嬶紝鎸囧嚭鍚涗富鏉冨姏鏉ヨ嚜浜烘皯錛屼漢姘戞湁鏉冨簾榛滅敋鑷沖姝繪互鐢ㄨ亴鏉冪殑鏆村悰銆?/p>

18紺句細(xì)璁ゅ悓妯″紡[鍖楀ぇ2012騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)紺句細(xì)璁ゅ悓鏄寚涓綋璁よ瘑鍒頒粬灞炰簬鐗瑰畾鐨勭ぞ浼?xì)缇や綋锛屽悓鏃朵篃梃瘑鍒颁綔湄?fù)緹や綋鎴愬憳甯︾粰浠栫殑鎯呮劅鍜屼環(huán)鍊兼剰涔夈€傜ぞ浼?xì)桢悓妯″紡锛坰ocialidentificationmodel錛夋寚鍑猴紝紺句細(xì)緹や綋錛坰ocialgroup錛夌殑瀹氫箟搴旇鏄?gòu)ユ湁鍏卞悓鐨劷C句細(xì)鐗瑰緛鐨勪袱涓垨涓や釜浠ヤ笂鐨勪漢錛屾垨璁や負(fù)浠栦滑鑷繁鏄悓灞炰簬涓€涓ぞ浼?xì)绫诲瀷鐨勬垚鍛樸€傛寜鐓ц繖縐嶆蹇碉紝緹や綋鐨勬垚鍛樺郊姝や箣闂翠笉闇€瑕佹湁鐩存帴鐨勫叧緋伙紝榪欎釜緹や綋涔熶笉蹇呮湁涓€涓粨鏋勩€傚緹や綋鎴愬憳韜喚鐨勮鍚屼富瑕佹槸涓€縐嶈鐭ョ殑榪囩▼錛岃繖涓繃紼嬮€氬父鏄漢浠湪鍥炵瓟鈥滄垜鏄皝錛熲€濊繖鏍蜂竴涓棶棰樻椂浜х敓鐨勩€傝繖涓棶棰樺彲浠ユ牴鎹釜浜烘墍灞炵殑鎴栨墍紜鐨勭兢浣撶殑绔嬪満鏉ュ洖絳旓紝鍥犳錛屼竴涓漢浠庡叾璧炶祻鍜岀‘璁ゅ綊灞炵殑緹や綋涓幏寰椾竴縐嶇ぞ浼?xì)桢悓锛坰ocialidentity錛夋劅銆傜ぞ浼?xì)桢悓妯″紡浠ユ煇浜涙樉钁楃殑鏂瑰紡鏀瑰彉鎴戜痪煠浣撶殑鐪嬫硶锛?xì)鈶?/span>瀹冭涓猴紝緹や綋鎴愬憳閲嶈鐨勪竴縐嶅垎綾繪槸鏍規(guī)嵁璁ょ煡鐨勫弽搴旓紙鈥滄垜鏄皝錛熲€濓級(jí)鑰屼笉鏄儏鎰熺殑鍙嶅簲錛堚€滄垜鏄惁鍠滄榪欎簺浜猴紵鈥濓級(jí)銆?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>瀹冭涓猴紝榪欑浜哄紺句細(xì)綾誨埆鐨勮嚜鎴戝畾浣嶄笉鏄竴縐嶅井寮辯殑鑱旂郴錛岃€屾槸浠栦滑鑷繁蹇?jī)涓湄?fù)閲嶈鐨勪竴縐嶇兢浣撴垚鍛樼殑鎰熻銆?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>瀹冭涓猴紝榪欑瀵圭ぞ浼?xì)绫诲垰勮鍚寴q囩▼鍙兘浜х敓閲嶈鍚庢灉銆?/p>

19絎﹀彿浜掑姩璁?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[鍗楀紑澶у2019騫寸爺錛涘寳澶?012騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鈥滅鍙蜂簰鍔ㄨ鈥濓紙SymbolicInteractionalism錛夋槸緹庡浗鑺濆姞鍝ュ媧炬彁鍑虹殑錛屽叾寮€鍒涜€呮槸綾沖痙銆傜鍙蜂簰鍔ㄨ璁や負(fù)錛屼漢綾諱紶鎾€氳繃絎﹀彿鍙?qiáng)鍏舵剰涔夌殑浜箒鑰屽彂鐢燂紝浜虹被涔嬫墍浠ヨ璇嗚嚜鎴戯紝褰㈡垚緹や綋錛屾瀯鎴愮ぞ浼?xì)锛岄兘鏄€氳繃絎﹀彿浜ゆ祦鎰忎箟鑰岃繘琛岀殑銆傜鍙蜂簰鍔ㄨ寤虹珛鍦ㄨ繖鏍風(fēng)殑鎬濇兂鍩虹涔嬩笂錛屽嵆涓綋鍩轟簬瀵硅薄瀵逛簬浠栦滑鎵€鍏鋒湁鐨勬剰涔夛紝瀵瑰璞￠噰鍙栬鍔紝鑰岃繖浜涙剰涔変駭鐢熶簬浜轟滑涔嬮棿鐨勭ぞ浼?xì)浜掑娂屽悓鏃稑q欎簺鎰忎箟涔熼€氳繃涓綋鐨勭悊瑙ｈ繃紼嬪緱鍒頒慨姝ｃ€傜敱浜庤涓哄叿鏈夌鍙鋒剰涔夛紝鍥犳琛屼負(fù)鏄ぞ浼?xì)珏鐨勫熀鏈崟浣嶅Q岃涓烘槸紺句細(xì)鐨勶紝鍥犱負(fù)瀹冪敱鍙︿竴涓釜浣撴潵瑙ｉ噴銆傜背寰風(fēng)殑絎﹀彿浜掑姩璁哄己璋冧漢闄呬紶鎾湪浜烘牸鍙戝睍涓殑浣滅敤錛岀綏鏉版柉鎸囧嚭錛氣€滆姖鍔犲摜瀛︽淳鐨勫鑰呮瀯鎴愪簡(jiǎn)涓€涓互浜虹被浼犳挱涓轟腑蹇?jī)鐨勪汉鏍冀C句細(xì)鍖栫殑鐞嗚姒傚康浣撶郴鍗沖悗鏉ヨ縐頒負(fù)絎﹀彿浜や簰璁虹殑瑙傜偣銆傗€?/p>

20鍒╁熀鍙椾紬[鍖楀ぇ2012騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鍒╁熀鍙椾紬鏄寚鑱氱劍鍦ㄦ煇涓壒瀹氱殑緇嗗垎棰嗗煙鐨勫彈浼楋紝浠栦滑鏄寖鍥存洿紿勩€佹洿紜畾鐨勭兢浣擄紝鏈夌潃鐗瑰畾鐨勫獟浠嬮渶姹傦紝浣嗘槸寰€寰€娌℃湁琚緢濂藉湴鏈嶅姟錛屽悇浼犲獟浼佷笟鍦ㄥ埄鍩哄彈浼楅潰鍓嶁€滄湁鑾峰彇鍒╃泭鐨勫熀紜€鈥濄€傗€滃埄鍩衡€濅竴璇嶈嫳鏂囦負(fù)Niche錛屽張縐扳€滅敓鎬佷綅鈥濃€滆祫婧愪綅鈥濓紝榪欎釜璇嶈搗婧愪簬寤虹瓚瀛︼紝鏈€鍒濈殑鎰忔€濇槸鈥滃榫涒€濓紝鍗沖湪澧欎笂寮€鍑垮嚭涓€涓┖闂寸敤浜庢憜鏀鵑洉鍍忔垨鑰呭叾浠栦笢瑗褲€傚埌19涓栫邯錛屸€滃埄鍩衡€濅竴璇嶈鑷劧瀛﹀Grinnell絳変漢鍊熺敤鍒扮敓鎬佸鐨勭爺絀朵腑錛岀敤浠ヨ〃紺虹墿縐嶅湪鐢熸€佺郴緇熶腑鎵€澶勭殑浣嶇疆錛屾瘡涓湪鐢熸€佺郴緇熶腑鐢熷瓨鐨勭墿縐嶉兘鏈夎嚜宸辯殑鐢熸€佷綅錛岀敓鎬佷綅鏄墿縐嶇敓瀛樺拰鍙戝睍鐨勮祫婧愪笌鐜鍩虹錛屽喅瀹氱潃鐗╃鍦ㄧ敓鎬佺郴緇熶腑鎵€鎵紨鐨勮鑹插拰鐢熷瓨鏂瑰紡銆傚湪浼犲獟鐮旂┒棰嗗煙錛孌immick銆丷othenbuhler鍜孉lbarran絳夊鑰呮渶鏃╀嬌鐢ㄢ€滃埄鍩衡€濈悊璁虹爺絀跺獟浣撶珵浜夛紝鍏蟲敞鏌愮濯掍綋鍦ㄧ壒瀹氭椂鏈熺壒瀹氱幆澧冮噷涓庣幆澧冨強(qiáng)鍏朵粬濯掍綋鐩鎬簰浣滅敤榪囩▼涓墍澶勭殑鐩稿浣嶇疆銆?/p>

21姒傜巼鎶芥牱[娓呭崕澶у2022騫寸爺錛涘寳澶?012騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)姒傜巼鎶芥牱錛圥robabilitySampling錛夋槸鎸夌収姒傜巼璁哄拰鏁扮悊緇熻鐨勫師鐞嗕粠璋冩煡鐮旂┒鐨勬€諱綋涓紝鏍規(guī)嵁闅忔満鍘熷垯鏉ユ娊閫夋牱鏈紝鍗充換浣曡绱犻兘瑕佸叿鏈夊悓絳夌殑銆佺嫭绔嬩簬浠諱綍鍏朵粬浜嬩歡鐨勮鎶藉埌鐨勬鐜囥€傛鐜囨娊鏍峰寘鎷畝鍗曢殢鏈烘娊鏍鳳紙SimpleRandomSampling錛夈€佺郴緇熸娊鏍鳳紙SystematicSampling錛夈€佸垎灞傛娊鏍鳳紙StratifiedSampling錛夈€佹暣緹ゆ娊鏍鳳紙ClusterSampling錛夌瓑銆傚湪鎴戝浗錛屼範(fàn)鎯笂灝嗘鐜囨娊鏍風(fēng)О涓烘娊鏍瘋皟鏌ャ€傛娊鏍瘋皟鏌ユ湁浠ヤ笅涓変釜紿佸嚭鐗圭偣錛?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鎸夐殢鏈哄師鍒欐娊閫夋牱鏈紱鈶?/span>鎬諱綋涓瘡涓€涓崟浣嶉兘鏈変竴瀹氱殑姒傜巼琚娊涓紱鈶?/span>鍙互鐢ㄤ竴瀹氱殑姒傜巼灝嗚宸帶鍒跺湪瑙勫畾鐨勮寖鍥翠箣鍐呫€?/p>

22鎺у埗瀹為獙[鍖楀ぇ2011騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鎺у埗瀹為獙鏄績(jī)鐞嗗鐮旂┒涓父鐢ㄧ殑鐮旂┒鏂規(guī)硶銆傚湪浼犳挱瀛︿腑錛屾帶鍒跺疄楠屼富瑕佹槸鐢ㄤ簬嫻嬭瘯鐗瑰畾鐨勪俊鎭埡嬋€鎴栫幆澧冩潯浠朵笌浜虹殑鐗瑰畾蹇?jī)鐞嗘垨桎负鍙嶅簲绫诲瀷涔嬮棿鐨勫洜鏋滃叧绯汇€傝繖涓€鏂規(guī)硶鐢卞崲鍥犲拰闇嶅か鍏頒粠瀹為獙蹇?jī)鐞嗗涓紩鍏ヤ紶鎾爺绌堕鍩熴€?/p>

鎺у埗瀹為獙涓昏鍖呮嫭涓変釜鏂歸潰錛氭帶鍒跺疄楠岀殑鐜錛涙帶鍒跺疄楠岀殑瀵硅薄錛涙帶鍒惰嚜鍙橀噺鍜屽洜鍙橀噺銆傚畠鍦ㄤ紶鎾棰嗗煙鐨勫簲鐢ㄤ富瑕佷緷璧栦簬涓変釜鏉′歡錛?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鑳藉惁寤虹珛涓€涓寘鍚洜鏋滆仈緋葷殑鍋囪錛岃繖涓€鑱旂郴鎸囪嚜鍙橀噺鍜屽洜鍙橀噺涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋匯€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>琚瀵熺殑鍙橀噺錛堣嚜鍙橀噺涓庡洜鍙橀噺錛夋槸鍚﹁兘涓庡叾浠栧彉閲忛殧紱誨紑錛屼互紜繚鐮旂┒鑰呰瀵熷埌鐨勬槸鑷彉閲忎笌鍥犲彉閲忕殑鐩存帴鍏崇郴錛岃€屼笉鏄叾浠栥€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鑷彉閲忔槸鍚﹁兘澶熻鎿嶄綔鎴栨敼鍙樸€?/p>

鎺у埗瀹為獙娉曠殑浼樼偣鍦ㄤ簬鐮旂┒鐨勫唴鍦ㄩ€昏緫鎬ц緝寮猴紝鑰屽畠鐨勪笉瓚沖垯琛ㄧ幇鍦細(xì)澶у鏁版儏鍐典笅錛屾帶鍒跺疄楠屾槸鍦ㄤ漢涓虹殑瀹為獙瀹ゆ潯浠朵笅榪涜鐨勶紝闅句互鍦ㄥ疄楠屽涓ā鎷熺幇瀹炵敓媧諱腑榪囦簬澶嶆潅鐨勭幆澧冨拰鏉′歡銆傚洜姝わ紝鎺у埗瀹為獙娉曢€傚悎浜庡井瑙傜殑浼犳挱鏁堟灉鐮旂┒銆?/p>

23娉曞叞鍏嬬瀛︽淳[涓婃搗鐞嗗伐澶у2019騫寸爺錛涘寳澶?011騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)娉曞叞鍏嬬瀛︽淳鏄綋浠ｈタ鏂圭殑涓€縐嶇ぞ浼?xì)鍝插娴亱z撅紝鏄?gòu)z叉壒鍒ゅ媧劇殑鐞嗚娓婃簮涔嬩竴錛屽叾鏈€鍒濊搗婧愪簬寰峰浗娉曞叞鍏嬬鐨勨€滅ぞ浼?xì)鐮斀I舵墍鈥濄€傝繖涓€瀛︽淳浠庨┈鍏嬫€濅富涔夌悊璁哄嚭鍙戯紝浠庡摬瀛﹀拰紺句細(xì)瀛︾殑瑙掑害鐮旂┒鍜屾壒鍒ょ幇浠ｈ祫鏈富涔夌ぞ浼?xì)涓殑鏂囧寲鍗辨満鍜岀庮C唬瑗挎柟鏂囨槑錛屼唬琛ㄤ漢鐗╁寘鎷湇鍏嬫搗榛樸€侀樋澶氳銆侀┈灝?dāng)搴撳銆佹湰闆呮槑銆佸搱璐濋┈鏂瓑銆?/p>

娉曞叞鍏嬬瀛︽淳鐨勫熀鏈璇寸敱浠ヤ笅鍒ゆ柇鏋勬垚錛?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鎵瑰垽瀹炶瘉涓諱箟錛屽０縐扮ぞ浼?xì)珏鏄竴縐嶈櫄浼剰璇嗭紝騫朵笉寮鴻皟緇忛獙鐨勮祫鏂欐敹闆嗗伐浣溿€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鎵瑰垽椹厠鎬濅富涔夛紝鍥犱負(fù)瀹冩病鏈夊畬鍏ㄦ憜鑴卞疄璇佷富涔夈€?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>鎵瑰垽紺句細(xì)錛屽洜涓虹ぞ浼?xì)鍏锋湁寮曞g釜浣撳鍏剁姸鍐甸噰鍙栬櫄鍋囨帴鍙楃殑鎬佸害鐨勯潪鐞嗘€у洜绱犮€?/p>

鍦ㄤ俊鎭紶鎾拰紺句細(xì)鐨勯棶棰樹笂錛屾硶鍏板厠紱忓媧懼睍紺轟簡(jiǎn)澶т紬鏂囧寲鐨勫墺鍓婃€ц川銆傛硶鍏板厠紱忓媧捐涓猴紝鏂囧寲宸ヤ笟鍓ュ墛澶т紬灝卞儚璧勬湰瀹舵墍鍋氱殑涓€鏍鳳紝鏍規(guī)嵁鑳藉惛寮曞ぇ浼楀茍鍚屾椂緹庡寲鍜屽浼犺祫鏈富涔夋枃鍖栫殑鏍囧噯鍖栧叕寮忔潵鍑虹増鍜屽箍鎾駭鍝侊紝璧勬湰涓諱箟鐨勮繍浣滄柟寮忓拰鎶€鏈殑闈╂柊閫犳垚浜?jiǎn)錆h綾葷殑寮傚寲錛屽ゴ褰逛簡(jiǎn)浜虹殑鎬濇兂錛屼嬌鍏紬涓уけ浠栦滑鎵瑰垽鍜屾姉浜夋€х殑鎬濇兂璺嚎銆?/p>

24緇村熀緇忔祹瀛?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[鍖楀ぇ2011騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鈥滅淮鍩虹粡嫻庡鈥濓紙wikinomics錛夛紝鏄爺絀跺ぇ瑙勬ā鍗忎綔濡備綍鏀瑰彉浼佷笟榪愪綔妯″紡銆佸晢涓氭ā寮忕殑鏂板叴鏈銆傝繖涓€鍚嶇О鏉ヨ嚜緇村熀緗戠珯鐨勫法澶ф垚鍔燂紝緇村熀妯″紡鍏呭垎鍒╃敤緇勭粐涓瘡涓釜浣撶殑鏅烘収錛屽湪寮€鏀俱€佸絳夈€佸垎浜殑騫沖彴涓婅繘琛屼俊鎭殑浼犳挱涓庡叡浜€?/p>

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緇村熀緇忔祹瀛︽墍鎻ず鐨勫洓涓柊娉曞垯鈥斺€斿紑鏀撅紙Openness錛夈€佸絳夛紙Peering錛夈€佸垎浜紙Sharing錛変互鍙?qiáng)鍏ㄧ悆杩愪綔锛圓ctingGlobally錛夆€斺€旀鍦ㄥ彇浠ｄ竴浜涙棫鐨勫晢涓氭暀鏉★紝璁稿鎴愮啛鐨勪紶緇熷叕鍙告鍦ㄤ粠榪欑鏂扮殑鍟嗗姟鑼冨紡涓彈鐩娿€?/p>

25緇撴瀯鍔熻兘涓諱箟[鍖楀ぇ2011騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)緇撴瀯鍔熻兘涓諱箟錛坰tructuralfunctionalism錛夋槸涓€涓タ鏂圭ぞ浼?xì)鍕箒娲惧Q屼唬琛ㄤ漢鐗╁寘鎷灝?dāng)珑壒路甯晪倴€佺綏浼?jí)孤稫錛庨粯欏跨瓑銆?/p>

緇撴瀯鍔熻兘涓諱箟璁や負(fù)錛岀ぞ浼?xì)鏄呬h湁涓€瀹氱粨鏋勬垨緇勭粐鍖栨墜孌電殑緋葷粺錛岀ぞ浼?xì)鐨勫悇缁勬垚閮ㄥ垎浠ユ湁搴忕殑鏂瑰紡鐩镐簰鍏宠仈锛岒q跺紺句細(xì)鏁翠綋鍙戞尌鐫€蹇呰鐨勫姛鑳姐€傛暣浣撴槸浠ュ鉤琛＄殑鐘舵€佸瓨鍦ㄧ潃錛屼換浣曢儴鍒嗙殑鍙樺寲閮戒細(xì)瓚嬩簬鏂扮殑騫寵銆傜粨鏋勫姛鑳戒富涔夌殑鐮旂┒娑夊強(qiáng)闈㈠緢騫匡紝鍖呮嫭紺句細(xì)鐞嗚鎺㈣銆佺粡楠岀爺絀跺拰鍘嗗彶鐮旂┒錛屽叾瀛︽湳瑙傜偣娑夊強(qiáng)浜虹被瀛︿笌鏀挎不瀛︾瓑紺句細(xì)縐戝棰嗗煙銆?/p>

淇℃伅浼犳挱鏄ぞ浼?xì)缁撴瀯鐨勪富杈l勬垚閮ㄥ垎涔嬩竴錛岀粨鏋勫姛鑳戒富涔夌悊璁轟篃褰卞搷鐫€濯掍粙紺句細(xì)鍔熻兘鐨勭爺絀躲€傚叿鏈夎繖涓€鐞嗚鍊懼悜鐨勪紶鎾浠ｈ〃鎬ц鐐瑰寘鎷細(xì)鈶?/span>緹庡浗鏀挎不瀛﹀鎷夋柉闊﹀皵姒傛嫭鐨勪紶鎾€滀笁鍔熻兘璇粹€濃€斺€旂幆澧冪洃嫻嬪姛鑳斤紝紺句細(xì)鍗忚皟鍔熻兘錛岀ぞ浼?xì)閬椾骇浼犳壙鍔熻兘銆?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>緹庡浗紺句細(xì)瀛﹀C錛嶳錛庤禆鐗規(guī)彁鍑虹殑鈥滃洓鍔熻兘璇粹€濃€斺€旂幆澧冪洃嫻嬶紝瑙ｉ噴涓庤瀹氾紝紺句細(xì)鍖栵紝鎻愪緵濞變箰銆?spanclass="CNNum">鈶?/span>緹庡浗瀛﹁€呮柦鎷夊鎵€鎬葷粨鐨勬斂娌誨姛鑳姐€佺粡嫻庡姛鑳藉拰涓€鑸ぞ浼?xì)鍔熻兘銆?/p>

緇撴瀯鍔熻兘涓諱箟灝嗙郴緇熷悇緇勬垚閮ㄥ垎瀛樺湪鐨勫師鍥犲綊涔嬩簬瀵圭郴緇熸暣浣撲駭鐢熺殑鏈夌泭鍚庢灉錛岃繃鍒嗗己璋冧簡(jiǎn)鍚勯儴鍒嗙粨鏋勫姛鑳界殑鏁村悎錛屽拷鐣ヤ簡(jiǎn)紺句細(xì)鍐茬獊浠ュ強(qiáng)鍚勯儴鍒嗕箣闂村啿紿佺殑瀛樺湪銆?/p>

26婊氶洩鐞冩娊鏍?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[鍖楀ぇ2011騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)婊氶洩鐞冩娊鏍鳳紙SnowballSampling錛夋槸涓€縐嶇粡鍏哥殑紺句細(xì)瀛︾爺絀舵娊鏍鋒柟娉曪紝涓昏鐢ㄤ簬璋冩煡鐩爣鏈煡鎴栫壒瀹氱兢浣撴垚鍛橀毦浠ユ壘鍒版椂鐨勭ぞ浼?xì)鐮斀I訛紝濡傛€諱綋鍗曚綅鐨勪俊鎭笉瓚蟲垨瑙傚療鎬х爺絀躲€?/p>

婊氶洩鐞冩娊鏍風(fēng)殑鏂規(guī)硶鏄紝鍏堥殢鏈洪€夋嫨涓€浜涜璁胯€呭茍瀵瑰叾瀹炴柦璁塊棶錛屽啀璇蜂粬浠彁渚涘彟澶栦竴浜涘睘浜庢墍鐮旂┒鐩爣鎬諱綋鐨勮皟鏌ュ璞★紝鏍規(guī)嵁鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勭嚎绱㈤€夋嫨姝ゅ悗鐨勮皟鏌ュ璞°€傝繖涓€榪囩▼浼?xì)鐟艟l笅鍘伙紝褰㈡垚涓€縐嶆粴闆悆鐨勬晥鏋溿€?/p>

婊氶洩鐞冩娊鏍風(fēng)殑浼樼偣鏄究浜庢牱鏈噺鐨勬帶鍒訛紝鏄撲簬鎺у埗鎶芥牱鎴愭湰銆傚叾緙虹偣鍒欏湪浜庯細(xì)鐢變簬閲囩敤浜洪檯闂寸殑鎻愪緵浠嬬粛絳夋柟寮忥紝鏍鋒湰錛堣璁胯€咃級(jí)涔嬮棿鍙兘鍗佸垎鐩鎬技錛屾牱鏈彲鑳芥棤娉曞緢濂藉湴浠ｈ〃鏁翠釜鎬諱綋銆傚洜姝わ紝榪欎竴鏂規(guī)硶閫氬父鐢ㄤ簬鎺㈢儲(chǔ)鎬х爺絀躲€?/p>

27鍙嶆矇榛樿灪鏃?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[鍗椾含鑸┖鑸ぉ澶у2023騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)鈥滃弽娌夐粯鐨勮灪鏃嬧€濇槸涓€縐嶄笌鈥滄矇榛樼殑铻烘棆鈥濊儗鍙嶇殑妯″紡錛屽湪榪欑妯″紡涓紝鍏紬鏄叿鏈夎兘鍔ㄦ€х殑涓諱綋錛岃兘鑷垜鎬濊€冨拰鑷垜鍒嗘瀽錛屽父甯告墦鐮存矇榛樿嚜鐢卞彂琛ㄨ鐐廣€備簰鑱旂綉涓婁紬澶氳櫄鎷熺ぞ鍖虹粰紺句細(xì)鍏紬鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)浜掔浉娌熼€氱殑騫沖彴銆傜綉緇滅敤鎴峰彲浠ュ湪榪欎簺騫沖彴涓婅嚜鐢卞彂琛ㄨ█璁猴紝鎸佲€滃皯鏁版淳鈥濇剰瑙佺殑緗戞皯涓嶄細(xì)鍥犱負(fù)鑷繁鐨勭湅娉曚笌澶т紬濯掍綋鎵€浼犺揪鐨勪富嫻佹剰瑙佷笉鐩稿悓鑰岄殣钘忚嚜宸辯殑瑙傜偣錛屼粬浠暍浜庡皢鑷繁鐨勮鐐硅〃杈懼嚭鏉ワ紝鑰屼笉鏄繚鎸佹矇榛樻垨鑰呰秼鍚屻€傝繖浜涒€滃皯鏁版淳鈥濇墍鎸佹湁鐨勮鐐逛細(xì)琚洿澶氱殑浜烘墍璁ゅ悓騫朵笖鎺ュ彈錛岃繖灝變嬌鎸佲€滃皯鏁版淳鈥濊鐐圭殑浜鴻秺鏉ヨ秺澶氾紝鏈€鍚庣敋鑷寵秴瓚婁簡(jiǎn)鎸佲€滃鏁版淳鈥濇剰瑙佺殑浜猴紝浣庫€滄矇榛樼殑铻烘棆鈥濆彂鐢熼€嗚漿錛屽艦鎴愬弽鈥滄矇榛樼殑铻烘棆鈥濇ā寮忋€?/p>

28灞炴€ц紼嬭緗?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[鍥涘窛紺劇闄?023騫寸爺錛涘寳宸ュ晢2019騫寸爺]銆佷簩綰ц紼嬭緗?spanclass="ZhenTiTag">[涓婂2019騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)灞炴€ц紼嬭緗張縐扳€滀簩綰ц紼嬭緗€濓紝鏄敱楹﹀簱濮嗘柉鎻愬嚭鐨勪竴縐嶅獎(jiǎng)鍝嶆満鍒訛紝鏄紼嬭緗殑絎簩灞傘€傚ぇ浼椾紶濯掓姤閬撶殑瀵硅薄浜嬬墿鍏鋒湁鍚勭鍚勬牱鐨勫睘鎬э紝鏈夋闈㈢殑錛屾湁璐熼潰鐨勶紝涔熸湁涓€х殑錛涘睘鎬ц紼嬭緗寚澶т紬浼犲獟瀵規(guī)煇浜涚壒瀹氬睘鎬ц繘琛屽嚫鏄懼拰娣″寲澶勭悊錛屽皢瀵硅薄浜嬬墿鐨勪富瀵煎睘鎬т紶杈劇粰鍙椾紬錛屼粠鑰屽獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅彈浼楀浜嬬墿鎬ц川鐨勮璇嗐€佸垽鏂拰鎬佸害銆傚睘鎬ц紼嬭緗笉浠呭彲浠ュ獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅彈浼楀璁▼鏌愪竴鐗瑰緛鐨勯噸瑙嗙▼搴︼紝榪樹細(xì)鍙嶈繃鏉ュ獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅璞¤紼嬬殑鏄捐憲紼嬪害銆?/p>

29瑙掕壊鍩烘ā[娌蟲搗澶у2023騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)瑙掕壊鍩烘ā鏄渶甯哥敤鍒扮殑涓€縐嶅熀妯°€傞潰瀵歸檶鐢熶漢錛屼漢浠父甯稿彧鑳芥牴鎹鍦ㄧ殑鑲よ壊銆佹€у埆銆佸勾榫勪互鍙?qiáng)姣旇緝彐槗鑾峰緱鐨勫鍘嗐€佽亴涓氥€佽亴浣嶇瓑瑙掕壊鏉ュ仛鍑哄垽鏂€傜ぞ浼?xì)梃壊鏄C句細(xì)浜掑姩璁鴻€呬粠鎴忓墽涓€熺敤鐨勬蹇碉紝鏄寚鐢辮韓浠姐€佺ぞ浼?xì)鍦颁綅漶旂敓鐨勬湡寰呫€備粠鑾峰緱鏂瑰紡涓婏紝鍙互灝嗚鑹插垎涓哄厛璧嬭鑹插拰鑷嚧瑙掕壊銆傚厛璧嬭鑹叉寚寤虹珛鍦ㄩ仐浼犮€佽緙樼瓑鍏堝ぉ鐨勬垨鐢熺悊鐨勫洜绱犲熀紜€涓婄殑紺句細(xì)瑙掕壊銆傝嚜鑷磋鑹叉寚閫氳繃涓漢鐨勬椿鍔ㄤ笌鍔姏鑰岃幏寰楃殑紺句細(xì)瑙掕壊銆?/p>

30閾哄灚鏁堟灉[鍏板窞澶у2023騫寸爺]

絳旓細(xì)閾哄灚鏁堟灉錛坧rimingeffect錛夛紝涔熻瘧涓衡€滈紺烘晥搴斺€濃€滃寮曟晥鏋溾€濃€滄樉鍖栨晥鏋溾€濃€滃簳鑹蹭綔鐢ㄢ€濃€滃噯澶囦綔鐢ㄢ€濓紝鏈€鏃╁嚭鐜頒簬蹇?jī)鐞嗗彖蹇嗙殑淇℃佺悊杩嚱E嬬殑鐮旂┒錛屾寚鐨勬槸涓€涓厛蹇€熷憟鐜扮殑鍒烘縺錛堝惎鍔ㄥ埡嬋€錛夊绱ф帴鐫€鍑虹幇鐨勭浜屼釜鍒烘縺錛堢洰鏍囧埡嬋€錛夌殑鍔犲伐浜х敓鐨勬垨姝ｆ垨璐熺殑褰卞搷錛屽洜姝わ紝閾哄