南京航空航天大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《620基礎(chǔ)英語》歷年考研真題及詳解

2007年南京航空航天大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院620基礎(chǔ)英語考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Vocabulary(20points)A.Directions:Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Besuretowritedownyourchoiceinthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet.(10points)1.MacDonaldsuddenlycouldn’tfindhisvoiceashehada____inthethroat.A.bumpB.chunkC.soreD.lump【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意，麥克唐納因?yàn)檫煅识鴰缀醪荒苷f話。havealumpinthethroat意為“哽咽”。因此選D。2.“Thepoorgirlutteredanululatingsoundlikeabird.A.happyB.lamentableC.humorousD.queer【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意，那個(gè)可憐的女孩像鳥一樣失聲痛哭。happy快樂的，lamentable哀傷的，humorous幽默的，queer奇怪的。因此選B。3.TheAralisdisappearingbecauseitswaterhasbeen_____tosupplythegrowthofcottoninthedesert.A.divertedB.InvertedC.RevertedD.averted【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意，咸海因?yàn)樗皇褂糜跐补嗌衬锏拿藁ǘ谙?。divert轉(zhuǎn)移，invert使反轉(zhuǎn)，revert恢復(fù)，avert防止。因此選A。4.BargainingistheorderofthedayintheEasternbazaar.A.sequenceB.instructionC.commandD.practice【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意，討價(jià)還價(jià)在中東集市的一天中是習(xí)以為常的。sequence順序，instruction指示，command命令，practice實(shí)際。因此選D。5.Herdecisiontostudyabroad_____onherbeliefthattheoutsideworldiscolorful.A.restedB.basedC.countedD.focused【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意，她相信外面的世界是豐富多彩的，基于此她選擇出國。reston休息，baseon基于，counton指望，focuson集中在。因此選B。6.Janehasbeenlikehis,chinonchest,eyesonground,feet_____shuffle,eversincethefirethatburnedtheotherhousetotheground.A.onB.offC.inD.from【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意，自從那次大火把房屋燒垮后，她一直是這個(gè)樣子，下巴貼近胸口，眼盯著地面，走路拖著腳。介詞in可用于表示處于某種狀態(tài)之下，在此最為合適。因此選C。7.Fromthediscouragementofhisminingfailures,MarkTwainbegan____hiswaytoregionalfameasanewspaperreporterandhumorist.A.walkingB.runningC.pavingD.digging【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意，自從他失敗之后，馬克吐溫便開始努力博取作為一名報(bào)社記者和幽默作家的地區(qū)性聲望。digone’sway意為“嶄露頭角”。因此選D。8.Inrecentyearsthetrees_____tothecharcoalburnerandthebuilder.A.surrenderedB.gaveinC.yieldedD.succumbed【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意，近幾年來，樹木任憑燒炭人和建屋者砍伐。surrender投降，giveinto給，yieldto屈服，succumbedto屈服于。succumb有“被壓垮，死”的意思，因此選D。9.Almosteveryoneatthepartywasstrangetohim,sohefeltmuch_____.A.initiatedB.inhibitedC.restrictedD.refrained【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意，他幾乎不認(rèn)識(shí)派對(duì)上任何一個(gè)人，因此他感到十分不自在。initiated啟動(dòng)，inhibited不自在的，restricted限制的，refrained避免。因此選B。10.Thisslope_____buildingsintheearlydaysandbydefaultbecameahalf-heartedpark.A.repelledB.expelledC.compelledD.dispelled【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意，在這個(gè)斜坡上面早期是不允許建筑的，因此就這樣一直被荒廢著。repel抵制，expel驅(qū)逐，compel強(qiáng)迫，dispel驅(qū)散。因此選A。B.Directions:Explaintheitalicizedwordsinthefollowingsentenceswithsimple,everydaywordsorexpressionsinEnglish.Besuretowritedownyourexplanationinthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet.(10points)1.Thewoodenframewarpedinthehumidity.【答案】twisted查看答案【解析】句意，木架結(jié)構(gòu)因受潮而彎曲。warp纏繞。2.HurricaneDaisydevastatedeverythinginitsswath.【答案】destroy查看答案【解析】句意，颶風(fēng)摧毀了它所及之處的所有東西。devastate破壞。3.Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.【答案】constant查看答案【解析】句意，我是在經(jīng)過一番苦心探究和不斷祈禱之后才授予其這頂桂冠的。incessant不停的。4.Itdidnotmakemefeelmelancholy.【答案】sad,depressed查看答案【解析】句意，這沒有使我感到悲傷。melancholy悲哀。5.FalstaffisaninterestingcharacterinShakespeare’splayandthereisastrikingdiscrepancybetweenwhatheclaimedtobeandwhatheinrealitywas.【答案】difference查看答案【解析】句意，福斯塔夫是莎士比亞戲劇中一個(gè)很有趣的角色，而他本人實(shí)際上和他聲稱的樣子有很大差別。discrepancy，差異。6.Iftherepairsweredonediscreetly,thedukeandtheduchesscouldgettheircarawaysafely.【答案】secretly查看答案【解析】句意，如果偷偷地進(jìn)行修理，那么犯罪分子就可以很安全的開走他們的車。discreetly，小心地，暗自地。7.NovelistSalmanRushdie’sbookTheSatanicVersesangeredmanyMuslims,whoaccusedRushdieofblasphemy.【答案】insultingtheirsacredreligion查看答案【解析】句意，小說家薩爾曼魯西迪的作品《撒旦詩篇》激怒了許多穆斯林，他們指控魯西迪瀆神。blasphemy褻瀆。8.Awoman’smummifiedbodywasfoundinherhome2yearsaftershedied.【答案】thinandwithered查看答案【解析】句意，一個(gè)女人木乃伊似得尸體在她死后兩年被在她的家中發(fā)現(xiàn)。mummified干癟的，木乃伊狀的。9.Keen,poignantagoniesseemedtoshootfromhisneckdownward.【答案】physicallypainful查看答案【解析】句意，強(qiáng)烈而痛苦的疼痛似乎從他的脖子直往下蔓延。poignant痛苦的。10.Thisisanirrevocabledecision.【答案】impossibletoretractorrevoke查看答案【解析】句意，這是個(gè)不可改變的決定。irrevocable不可反轉(zhuǎn)的。Ⅱ.Cloze(20points)A.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithasuitablewordinitsproperformandwritedowntherequiredwordinthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet.(10points)Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeactive.Youcan’tletyour(1)______glideacrossthelinesofabookand(2)______upwithanunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.Nowanordinary(3)______oflightfictionlike,GonewiththeWind,(4)______requirethemostactivekindofreading.Thebooksyouhavereadfor(5)______canbereadinastateofrelaxation,and(6)______islost.Butagreatbookrich(7)______ideasandbeauty,(8)______bookthatraisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamental(9)______,demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouare(10)______.Ifwhenyou’vefinished(11)______abook,thepagesare(12)______withyournotes,youknowthatyouhaveread(13)______.But,youmayask(14)______iswritingnecessary?Well,thephysical(15)______ofwriting,withyourhand,bringswordsandsentences(16)______sharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyour(17)______.Tosetdownyour(18)______toimportantwordsandsentencesyouhaveread,andthequestionstheyhave(19)______inyourmind,istopreserve(20)______reactionsandsharpenthosequestions.【答案與解析】1.eye 根據(jù)前后文，glide有“滑動(dòng)”的意思，在此處可以理解為“快速的劃過”。而根據(jù)文意，能夠快速劃過書的只有眼睛，因此填e 根據(jù)句意，出現(xiàn)了對(duì)于書的理解，因此填come，組成comeupwith詞組，意為“想到”。3.piece 根據(jù)前后文，此處是在描述一部作品，缺少量詞，而可以與fiction搭配的量詞為piece，因此填piece。4.doesn’t 根據(jù)前文可知《飄》是一本輕小說，而下一句中作者又提到relaxation可以看出，此處作者認(rèn)為不需要最活躍的閱讀方式。因此填doesn’t。5.pleasure 根據(jù)文意，作者是在描述讀輕小說所帶來的感受，不需要十分活躍的讀書方式，因此讀這種書只是休閑，可以推斷出讀這種書是為了娛樂，因此填pleasure。6.nothing 根據(jù)文意，既然是休閑娛樂就不會(huì)有什么東西失去，所以填nothing。7.in 根據(jù)句意，greatbook即為“好書”，而此處對(duì)好書的定義則是富于思想和美。berichin意為“在某方面很豐富”，因此填in。8.a 根據(jù)前文，此處是在討論一本書，因此填a。9.questions 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)此處缺少一個(gè)賓語，而與answer最合適的搭配即為questions，因此填questions。10.capable 根據(jù)句意，這種書要求你用最積極的讀書方式，而這種讀書方式一定要是你可以用的，因此填capable。becapableof意為“能夠”。11.reading 根據(jù)文意，此處是在說讀完一本書，finishdoing意為“完成某事”，因此填reading。12.filled 根據(jù)文意，此處是在描述一本讀完的書和筆記之間的關(guān)系，聯(lián)想到作者所推崇的積極的讀書方法，不難推斷出讀過的書上的筆記應(yīng)是很多的，因此填filled。13.actively 前后文相對(duì)照后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)此處作者是在描述積極的讀書方法，因此填actively。14.why 根據(jù)句意，本句意為“你可能會(huì)問為什么寫東西是必須的。”因此填why。15.act 根據(jù)句意，此處是在描述寫字這個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以要填act，意為“行動(dòng)”。16.more 句中sharply意為“鮮明地”，而此處是在描述書寫的好處，親手書寫的動(dòng)作會(huì)使詞語和句子更加鮮明地呈現(xiàn)在人的腦海里，因此填more去修飾sharply。17.memory 根據(jù)句意，能夠保存所看過的書的東西只有記憶，因此填memory。18.reaction 根據(jù)前后文，作者此處是在描述所寫筆記的內(nèi)容，其中包括了人對(duì)于書中字句的反應(yīng)，因此填reaction。19.raised 根據(jù)句意，此處描述的應(yīng)是人對(duì)于書中內(nèi)容所提出的問題，因此填raise。20.those 根據(jù)句意可知此處是在做一個(gè)小總結(jié)，而reactions則是復(fù)數(shù)，所以此處應(yīng)填those。B.Fillineachblankwithaproperwordfromthefollowingbox.Changeitsformifnecessaryandwritedowntherequiredwordinthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet.(10points)Sciencefictionisatypeoffictionthatisbasedoneitheractualorimagineddiscoveriesofscience.Itis(1)______fromotherformsoffantasyinwhichtheeventsaresupernaturalor(2)______implausibleinscientificterms.(3)______theusualsubjectsofsciencefiction(4)______travelinspaceortime,robotsandmechanicalbrains,physicalormentalchangesinmanbrought(5)______byevolution,catastrophe,orscience,mentaltelepathyand(6)______formsofextrasensoryperception,andinvasionoftheearthfromother(7)______.Often,thepredictionsofsciencefictionhavecome(8)______,especiallythoseconcerninginventionssuchasthemechanicalbrain,spaceships,(9)______television.Manysciencefictionstorieshavephilosophicalandsociological(10)______.Elementsofsciencefictioncanbefoundthroughoutliterature,(11)______inmyths,legends,andfairytales.(12)______,truesciencefictionoriginatedinthe19thcentury.Instoriesas(13)______byJulesVerne,IIGWells,thebasicsciencefiction(14)______,suchastravelinspace(15)______time,wereestablished.Sciencefictionwasfirstrecognized(16)______aseparatebranchofliteraturein1926,(17)______HugoGernsbackstartedpublicationofAmazingStories,theearliestmagazinetobe(18)______tothistypeofliteratureIn(19)______1930sand1940s,someauthorsadaptedthesciencefictionforminordertocriticize(20)______tendenciesinmodernsociety.【答案與解析】1.distinguished 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷此處缺少與from相搭配的動(dòng)詞，而根據(jù)句意，是從多種想象作品中區(qū)別出來的，因此填distinguished。2.otherwise 根據(jù)句意此處是在描述這種作品的特點(diǎn)。orotherwise意為其他方面的。因此填otherwise。3.Among 根據(jù)前后文可以判斷這句話是在描述這種作品的內(nèi)容，而根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)此處缺少介詞，又根據(jù)空后的subjects可以判斷出填among。4.are 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷此處缺少動(dòng)詞，而根據(jù)句意，后文是在對(duì)作品主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此填are。5.about 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)此處缺少一個(gè)與bring相搭配的介詞。bringabout意為“引起”，因此填about。6.other 根據(jù)句意，此處是在做一個(gè)列舉，而這部分是對(duì)剩下的比較少的一部分做的一個(gè)小總結(jié)，因此空后出現(xiàn)了forms，所以填other。7.planets 根據(jù)文意，這是科幻小說，而此句中又提到了地球，因此不難判斷作者是在描述其他星球?qū)Φ厍虻倪M(jìn)攻，因此填planets。8.true 根據(jù)前后文，作者是在描述一些成真了的預(yù)言，因此填etrue意為“成真”。9.and 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是一個(gè)列舉的最后一項(xiàng)，英文中需要在最后一項(xiàng)前加and。所以填and。10.implications 根據(jù)前文，作者是在說科幻作品當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的預(yù)言，可以看出這是科學(xué)家們?cè)谀撤N層面上的暗示，因此填implications。11.notably 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出此處缺少一個(gè)副詞，而根據(jù)句意，作者是在描述各種文學(xué)當(dāng)中科幻的元素，因此填notably，意為“顯著地”。12.However 前句在講各種文學(xué)作品中科幻的元素，而后句卻在講真正的科幻作品，可以看出此處是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，因此填However。13.written 根據(jù)句意可知此處是在列舉各種科幻故事，而后文中又提到了各種作者，可以判斷出此處應(yīng)填written。14.themes 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處缺少一個(gè)與establish相搭配的主語，而根據(jù)suchas當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的科幻小說常見的主題可以判斷出此處填themes。15.or 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷出此處缺少一個(gè)連詞，而根據(jù)句意，是指時(shí)間穿梭和空間穿梭，因此填or。16.as 根據(jù)句意，科幻小說是1926年第一次作為一個(gè)文學(xué)的獨(dú)立分枝出現(xiàn)，因此填as。17.when 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出此處是一個(gè)定語從句，而根據(jù)前文中提到的時(shí)間可以判斷出，這是一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。因此填when。18.devoted 根據(jù)句意，此處在介紹一本雜志，而這本雜志是最早專門為了這類文學(xué)作品出現(xiàn)的雜志，因此填devoted。devoteto意為“把……用于”。19.the 此處特指1930s和1940s，因此要填the。20.certain 根據(jù)句意，此處可以理解為是在批判現(xiàn)代社會(huì)某些趨勢(shì)，因此填certain。Ⅲ.Errorcorrection(20points)Directions:Therearetwentymistakesinthefollowingpassage.Youarerequiredtounderlineormarkthemistakesandgotthemcorrected.Besuretowritedownthecorrectforminthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet.【答案與解析】1.將carefully改為careful（careful在此處作形容詞，用來修飾reading，因此改為careful。）2.將which改為whose（此處定語從句的本意是指審查者的技術(shù)和判斷可以被他信任，因此要改為whose。）3.將read改為reading（while一般用來表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的并列，因此改為reading。）4.將a改為the（此處是特指符合前文描寫的年輕的科學(xué)家，因此改為the。）5.將on改為in（此處是指青年科學(xué)家切莫太過推崇這些出版物。placeon意為“將……強(qiáng)加于……”，在此用法不合適，應(yīng)將on改為in。placesth.insp.將……放置在……）6.將never改為ever（此處句意為“沒有一個(gè)偉大的科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)…”而不是“沒有一個(gè)偉大的科學(xué)家從來沒有…”，因此將never改為ever。）7.將reproduced改為reproducing（此處reproduce和它所搭配的主語pupils之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而非被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此要改為reproducing。）8.將that改為what（此處what在從句中做賓語，這種情況下不可以使用that，因此填what。）9.在proceed后加with（proceedwith意為“入手，著手”，符合前文中提到的“與最開始做什么并列”這樣的含義，因此要加with。）10.將it改為they（此處指代的是最開始的觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)，而他們都是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此要改為they。）11.將literatures改為literature（literature沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。）12.將studied改為studying（此處是指科學(xué)家正在做研究，而不是科學(xué)家們正在被人研究，因此不能使用過去分詞形式，要改為studying。）13.將other改為another（other多指兩者之中另外一個(gè)，而此處只是指“另外的”，因此改為another。）14.將craftsman改為craftsmen（根據(jù)文中的all可以判斷出有許多工匠，而非一個(gè)，因此要改為craftsmen。）15.將one改為any（此處是指“任何一個(gè)”而非是指單獨(dú)的某一個(gè)，因此要用any而非one。）16.將back改為down（lookdownupon為固定搭配，意為“輕視”。）17.將differ改為differs（information為不可數(shù)名詞，因此與其搭配的動(dòng)詞differ要使用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，改為differs。）18.將which改為that（此句為原因狀語從句，inthat固定搭配，意為“原因在于，因?yàn)椤?。而inwhich沒有此用法。因此將which改為that。）19.將complete改為completely（此處completely作為副詞修飾unscientific，因此改為completely。）20.在that后加if（根據(jù)句意可以判斷出，此處是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，因此要在that后加上if。）Ⅳ.Paraphrase(20points)Directions:RestatethefollowingsentencesinanotherforminEnglishtoclarifythemeaning.Besuretowritedownyourrestatementinthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet1.Soldatthebazaararegoodsofeveryconceivablekind.【答案】Goodsofeverykindyoucanthinkofaresoldatthemarket.查看答案2.Theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak.【答案】Itisnotatallpossibletocatchalargeamountoffish.查看答案3.IwantmyfillofbeautybeforeIgo.【答案】Iwanttoenjoybeautytomyheart’scontent/toenjoyasmuchasIcanbeforeIdie.查看答案4.Theyarebentontakingthelion’sshareofthetrade.【答案】Theyaredeterminedtomakethegreatestprofitfromthetrade.查看答案5.Thegirl’sattendancehadalwaysbeensporadicandherinterestinschoolworknegligible.【答案】Thegirloftenmissedherclassesandhadlittleinterestinherschoolwork.查看答案6.Alllanguagesaredynamicratherthanstatic.【答案】Alllanguagesareinaprocessofconstantchange.Nothing(includingpronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar)remainsthesame.查看答案7.Thelawyermoppedhisbalddomeinsilence.【答案】Thelawyerwipedthesweatoffhisbaldheadinsilence.查看答案8.Heflirtedwiththecolossalwealthandwasrebuffed.【答案】Hetriedbutnotveryhardorpersistentlyenoughtogettheenormouswealth,butwasrejectedbluntly.查看答案9.Noonehasanyideawheretheconversationwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.【答案】Nooneknowstheconversationwillgooncestartedasitflowslikeastreampeacefullyandaimlesslyorswiftlyandjoyouslyonwards,orlikefireburnssteadilywithoutflameorbrightlythrowingoffsparks.查看答案10.Theobesebodyshookinanappreciativechuckle.【答案】Thefatmanlaughedquietlytohimself,appreciatingthefactthattheopponentsarenofool.查看答案Ⅴ.GeneralKnowledge(20points)a.Directions:Choosethebesttofillintheblankoranswerthequestion.(10points)1.Thestudyofmeaningofwords,phrasesandsentencesiscalled_____.A.semanticsB.semioticsC.syntacticsD.tactics【答案】A查看答案【解析】semantics語義學(xué)，研究自然語言中詞語意義的學(xué)科。因此選A。2.WhereisEdinburgh?A.InWalesB.InIrelandCInNorthernIrelandD.Scotland【答案】D查看答案【解析】愛丁堡是英國著名的文化古城、蘇格蘭首府。因此選D。3.WhichofthefollowingisNotaBritishnewsandcablenetwork?A.ABCB.BSkyBC.BRSMediaD.BBC【答案】A查看答案【解析】ABC全稱為“AustralianBroadcastingCorporation”，指的是澳大利亞廣播公司。因此選A。4.WhoisNOTaromanticistpoet?A.SamuelTaylorColeridgeB.RobertSoutheyC.RobertBurnsD.WilliamWordsworth【答案】C查看答案【解析】塞繆爾·泰勒·柯爾律治（SamuelTaylorColeridge），羅伯特·騷塞（RobertSouthey），華茲華斯（WilliamWordsworth）均為浪漫主義詩人。因此答案選C項(xiàng)。5.TheEmancipationProclamationwasanexecutivedecreebyU.S.President_____duringthecountry’sCivilWar.A.ThomasJeffersonB.JohnAdamsC.GeorgeWashingtonD.AbrahamLincoln【答案】D查看答案【解析】CivilWar指美國南北戰(zhàn)爭，而在南北戰(zhàn)爭期間美國總統(tǒng)為林肯，因此選D。TheEmancipationProclamation是《解放黑奴宣言》。6.JaneAustenisthewriterof_____.A.SenseandSensibilityB.VanityFairC.WutheringHeightsD.TessoftheD’Urbervilles【答案】A查看答案【解析】《理智與情感》是英國作家簡奧斯汀的長篇小說。因此選A。7.TheThanksgivingfeasttakesplaceon_____.A.thefourthThursdayofOctoberB.thefourthThursdayofNovemberC.thefirstThursdayofOctoberD.thefirstThursdayofNovember【答案】B查看答案【解析】感恩節(jié)是每個(gè)十一月的第四個(gè)周四。因此選B。8WhichofthefollowingiswrittenbyN.Chomsky?A.AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammarB.CourseinGeneralLinguisticsC.SyntacticStructuresD.SchoolsofLinguistics【答案】C查看答案【解析】《句法結(jié)構(gòu)》是喬姆斯基的著作。因此選C。9.JohnSteinbeckisanAmerican_____.A.poetB.playwrightC.novelistD.shortstorywriter【答案】C查看答案【解析】約翰斯坦貝克是20世紀(jì)美國最具影響力的小說家之一。因此選C。10.TheUN’seighthsecretarygeneral,tosucceedKofiAnnanis_____.A.SouthKoreanForeignMinsterRanKi-MoonB.LatvianPresidentVike-FreibergaC.formerPolishPresidentAlexanderKwasniewskiD.Thailand’sDeputyPrimeMinisterSurakiartSathirathai【答案】A查看答案【解析】聯(lián)合國第八任秘書長為潘基文，韓國人。因此選A。b.Directions:CandidatesareFREEtochooseanyfivefromthefollowingtentermsandexplaintheminplainEnglishontheanswersheet(10points)1.vowel【答案】It’saspeechsoundinwhichairstreamfromthelungsisnotblockedinanywayinthemouthorthroat,andwhichisusuallypronouncedwithvibrationofthevocalcords.查看答案2.universalgrammar【答案】It’satheorywhichclaimstoaccountforthegrammaticalcompetenceofeveryadultnativespeakerUGclaimsthateveryspeakerknowsasetofprincipleswhichapplytoalllanguagesandalsoasetofparametersthatcanvaryfromlanguagetolanguagewithincertainlimits.查看答案3.allomorph【答案】Itreferstoanyofthedifferentformsofamorpheme.TheEnglishpluralmorphemeisoftenshowninwritingbyadding-stotheendofawordlikecats,dogs,andclasses,whicharepronounced/s/,/z/and/iz/respectivelyandhavethesamegrammaticalfunctionofshowingplural.查看答案4.sentence【答案】Itisthelargestunitofgrammaticalorganizationwithinwhichpartsofspeechandgrammaticalclassesaresaidtofunction.InEnglishasentencenormallycontainsoneindependentclausewithafiniteverb.查看答案5.generativesemantics【答案】It’sanapproachtolinguistictheorywhichgrewasareactiontoChomsky’ssyntactic-basedTG.Itconsidersthatallsentencesaregeneratedfromasemanticstructure,whichisoftenexpressedintheformofapropositionwhichissimilartologicalpropositionsinphilosophy.查看答案6.characterization【答案】Themethodawriterusestorevealthepersonalityofacharacterinaliterarywork:Methodsmayinclude(1)bywhatthecharactersaysabouthimselforherself;(2)bywhatothersrevealaboutthecharacter:and(3)bythecharacter’sownactions.查看答案7.freeverse【答案】UnrhymedPoetrywithlinesofvaryinglengths,andcontainingnospecificmetricalpattern.查看答案8.comedy【答案】Aliteraryworkwhichisamusingandendshappily.查看答案9.iamb【答案】Ametricalpatternofoneunstressedsyllablefollowedbyonestressedsyllabic.查看答案10.lyricpoem【答案】Ashortpoemwhereinthepoetexpressesanemotionorilluminatessomelifeprinciple.查看答案Ⅵ.ReadingComprehension(50points)Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]or[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Besuretowritedownyourchoiceinthenumberedspaceontheanswersheet.PassageAPresidentRoosevelt’sadministrationsufferedadevastatingdefeatwhen,onJanuary6,1936,theAgriculturalAdjustmentActwasdeclaredunconstitutional.NewDealplannersquicklypushedthroughCongresstheSoilConservationandDomesticAllotmentActof1935,onepurposeofwhichwasconservation,butwhichalsoaimedatcontrollingsurplusesbyretiringlandfromproduction.Thelawwasintendedasastopgapmeasureuntiltheadministrationcouldformulateapermanentfarmprogramthatwouldsatisfythenation’sfarmersaswellastheSupremeCourt.Roosevelt’slandslidevictoryoverLandonin1936obscuredtheambivalentnatureofhissupportinthefarmstates.Despiteextensivegovernmentpropaganda,manyfarmersstillrefusedtoparticipateintheAgriculturalAdjustmentAdministration’svoluntaryproductioncontrolprograms,andtheburdensomesurplusesof1933weregone—nottheresultoftheAAA,butaconsequenceofgreatdroughts.InFebruaryof1937,SecretaryofAgricultureWallaceconvenedameetingoffarmleaderstopromotetheconceptoftheever-normalgranary,apolicywhichwouldencouragefarmerstostorecropsurpluses(ratherthandumpthemonthemarket)untilyearsofsmallharvests.TheCommodityCreditCorporationwouldgrantloanstoberepaidwhenthegrainwaslatersoldforareasonableprofit.TheconferencechoseaCommitteeofEighteenwhichdraftedabill,butthemajorformorganizationsweredivided.SincetenoftheeighteenmemberswerealsomembersoftheAmericanFarmBureauFederation,themeasurewasquicklylabeledaFarmBureaubill,andtherewereprotestsfromthesmall,buthighlyvocal.Farmer’sHolidayAssociation.Whendebateonthebillbegan,Roosevelthimselfwasvagueandelusiveanddidn’tmovetheproposedlegislationintothe“desirable”categoryuntilmidsummer.Inaddition,thereweredemandsthattheNewDeal’sdeficitspendingbecurtailed,andopponentsofthebillchargedthattheAAAwaswastefulandprimarilybenefitedcorporationsandlarge-scalefarmersTheSoilConservationandDomesticAllotmentActhadfailedtolimitagriculturalproductionastheadministrationhadhoped,Farmpriceswerehighandsowasconsumerdemand.Manyfarmers,convincedthatthedroughthadendedtheneedforcropcontrols,refusedtoparticipateintheAAA’ssoilconservationprogram.Withoutdirectcropcontrols,agriculturalproductionskyrocketedinI937,andbylatesummer,therewaspanicinthefarmbeltthatpriceswouldagainbedrivendowntodisastrouslylowlevels.CongressmenbegantopressureRoosevelttoplaceafloorunderfarmpricesbymakingloansthroughtheCCC,butRooseveltmadesuchloanscontingentuponthewillingnessofCongresstosupporttheadministration’splanforanewsystemofcropcontrols.Whenthepriceofcottonbegantodrop,Roosevelt’sadroitpoliticalmaneuverfinallyforcedCongressionalrepresentativesfromtheSouthtoagreetosupportabillprovidingforcropcontrolsandtheever-normalgranary.ThefollowingyearCongresspassedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActof1938.1.Theprimaryproposeofthepassageisto_____.A.analyzetheconnectionbetweenchangesinweatherconditionsandthemovementofagriculturalpricesB.callattentiontotheeconomichardshipsufferedbyfarmersduringthe1930sC.discussthereasoningthatledtheSupremeCourttodeclaretheAgriculturalAdjustmentActof1933unconstitutionalD.describetheeventsthatledtothepassageoftheAgriculturalAdjustmentActof19382.WhichofthefollowingisNOTastatementmadebytheauthorabouttheSoilConservationandDomesticAllotmentAct?A.ItwasdraftedprimarilybytheFarmBureauB.ItaimedatreducingagriculturalproductionC.ItaimedatsoilconservationD.Itwaslargelyineffective3.Accordingtothepassage,theRooseveltadministrationwantedagriculturallegislationwithallofthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT_____.A.ItwouldnotbedeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtB.Itwouldbeacceptabletothenation’sfarmersC.ItwoulddismantletheAgriculturalAdjustmentAdministrationD.Itwouldprovideloanstohelpfarmersstoresurplusgrain4.Thepassageprovidesinformationthatwouldhelpanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?I.WhowasSecretaryofAgricultureduringRoosevelt’ssecondterm?II.WhowasRoosevelt’smajoropponentinthe1936Presidentialelection?III.WhowasPresidentoftheAmericanFarmBureauFederationin1937?A.IonlyB.IIonlyC.IandIID.IandIII【答案與解析】1.D 本文從開始就在講《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法》產(chǎn)生之前的情況，以及《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法》最終是如何誕生的。因此選D。2.A 根據(jù)原文“onepurposeofwhichwasconservation,butwhichalsoaimedatcontrollingsurplusesbyretiringlandfromproduction.”可知《土壤保護(hù)和家庭分配法》是關(guān)于土壤保護(hù)，減少產(chǎn)量的。根據(jù)后文提到的“stopgapmeasure”可以判斷出這部法律效果一般，因此選A。3.C 根據(jù)文章第一句可知，被判違憲這件事使得羅斯福政府非常艱難，因此不選A；根據(jù)第一段中提到的農(nóng)民和最高法院對(duì)一份永久的農(nóng)業(yè)政策感到滿意可判斷出不選B；根據(jù)第二段中提到的“apolicywhichwouldencouragefarmerstostorecropsurpluses”可知政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民去儲(chǔ)存剩余的糧食，因此不選D。綜上，此題選C。4.C 文章第一段的前兩句可以回答問題Ⅰ，而第二段的第一句可以回答問題Ⅱ，因此選C。PassageBDisraeliwasassparklingaletter-writerashewasanovelist.Hislettersshowthathiscapacitytoobservewasmatchedonlybyhisabilitytodescribe,andtheyareenlivenedbyhisover-developedsenseofself-dramatizationaswellasbyhisabidingsenseofthegreatnessofhisowndestiny.Heflitsthroughthesepageslikesomegorgeousbirdofparadise,spreadinghismulticoloredfeathersandneverpausinglongenoughtobecomeboring.Asearlyas1830,whenonly26,heisfoundadvisingBenjaminAustintocarefullyconservehaslettersforposterity.FortunatelyAustinandothersfollowedhiscounsel.Asaresultover10,000lettersinhisownhandhavesurvived,quiteapartfromdictatedmissivesandothermemoranda.Disraelirarelykeptadiary,andpouredhisthoughts,desiresandreflectionsintohiscorrespondenceWhattreasurestherelieinstore!Weleavehimin1837withhislonged-forelectiontoParliament.,butaheadloomthehighpeaksofhiscareerwiththetwinmountainsofhistwopremiershipsandhisfriendshipwiththeQueen,LordEshermaintainedthatthelettersbetweenDisraeliandQueenVictoriahadlargelybeendestroyed,butthiswasnotso.Anew,brightandsearchinglightwilleventuallyshineonthatextraordinarypoliticalandromanticrelationship.5.Thispassageappearstobewrittenby_____.A.afriendofDisraeli’sB.acontemporaryofDisraeli’s.C.aliterarycriticD.anautobiographer6.“...hiscapacitytoobservewasmatchedonlybyhisabilitytodescribe...”means_____.A.hewasasaccomplishedanobserverashewasadescriptivewriterB.hiscapacitytoobserveandhisabilitytodescribewereunrivalledC.hewascapableofadaptingdescriptionstofithisobservationsD.hisobservationsanddescriptionsreflectedhisownpersonalambitions7.Duringhislifetime,Disraelipursuedthecareerof_____.A.acorrespondentB.apoliticianC.novelistD.aconsultant8.EvenasayoungmanDisraelirealizedthatonedayhisleaderswouldbe_____.A.antiquatedB.well-connectedC.destroyedD.widelyread9.Disraeli’stwopremiershipsandhisfriendshipwiththeQueenaredescribedasbeing_____.A.hurdlestosurmountB.unsurmountableobstaclesC.pinnaclesofsuccessD.impossiblechallenges【答案與解析】5.C 文章描述了Disraeli的一些生平，陳述了作者對(duì)于Disraeli文學(xué)造詣的看法，因此可以判斷出這是一篇由文學(xué)評(píng)論家寫的文章。因此選C。6.A 這句話本意為“他觀察的能力與他描述的能力不相上下”，是在指他不僅是一個(gè)好的觀察者，更是一個(gè)出色的描述者。因此選A。7.B 根據(jù)最后一段可知Disraeli是一位參加過選舉的政治家。因此選B。8.D 根據(jù)第二段中提到，他向友人提到要保存信件可以判斷出，他對(duì)自己的作品會(huì)被廣泛閱讀早有準(zhǔn)備，因此選D。9.C 根據(jù)原文中提到的“highpeaks”意為“最高點(diǎn)”可以判斷出選C。PassageCIwas22yearsoldwhenIwasfinallyreceivedintotheChurch,butIstillsufferedfromadolescent’ssuffocatingdesiretofindacceptance.Whateverthereasonsthatbroughtmein—loveofpoetryandrhetoric—senseofhistory,cosmicdistressandindignation—somehowIfeltthatsomeofMotherChurch’sancientglamourmightruboffonmeandthatlmightsomehowbetransformedbyitandbecomepartofitsmystery.Ofcoursethat’snotthewayitworksatall.Ibelievenowthatgracegrowsfromwithin,slowbutverysure.Shortlyafterbecomingabarrister,whenIwas27,inamomentofhighhopeandidealismandmakingcommoncausewiththemanIhadrecentlymarried,wefoughttoabolishthedeathpenalty.Allbutasmallcircleoffriends,whomIshallhonorforever,fellawayProfessionaldoorsslammed.WewenttoliveontheGreekislandofMikonos.Itisastrange,haunted,paganplace,treeless.FromtherootofourhouseatVrisiwecouldseesevenislandsinsummerbaskinglikedolphins,encirclingthewhitewashedpigeonhousewherewemadeourhome.Atthetinychurchwemadeacongregationoffive,Josephthetailor,myhusbandandIandanotherEnglishcouple.Wewenttoenjoyeachother’scompanyasmuchastohavethepleasureofhearingtheservice.Ifthepriestdidn’tcome—asheoftencouldn’twhenthewindblewatForceNine—itdidn’tparticularlymatter.Westayedontohaveadrinkunderthetamarisktreesandwatchthesunset.Yearslater,Iwentbacktothatislandwithmytwosons.Theyhadbeensad,shadowedyears,separationfrommyhusbandandfinallydivorce,alienationfromtheChurch,frommyprofession,frommyfriends.Thehardknockshadputpaidtomyromantic,snobbishself.Mikonositselfhadchanged,notforthebetter:ithadchanged,frommyvillageintoacitywhereIknewonlyonepersoninahundred.ThechurchatAlefantarahadchangedtoo.Itwaspackedwithamulti-racialcongr