音標(biāo)教材適合小升初

實(shí)用文檔48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)元rVr Vr單元曰(12)長(zhǎng)兀音[i:][:][^:][u:][a:]短兀音[i][]Q][u][A][囘[e]雙兀音（8）[ai][ei][DI][i][s][u][u][au]輔清濁成對(duì)輔音（20）清輔音[p][t][k][f][s]⑹[門(mén)[t門(mén)[tr][ts]濁輔音[b][d][g][v][z][引[3] [d3][dr][dz]鼻音⑶[m][n]g]似拼音（3）[h][r][l]半兀音（2）[j][w]音節(jié)開(kāi)音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)音素:音的最小單位,英語(yǔ)中有48個(gè)音素.音節(jié):由一個(gè)元音音標(biāo)單獨(dú)構(gòu)成，或者由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位.元音:發(fā)音響亮,是樂(lè)音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節(jié)的主要組成部分.英語(yǔ)中有20個(gè)元音.輔音:發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節(jié)的重要組成部分,英語(yǔ)中有28個(gè)輔音.開(kāi)音節(jié)：1）輔音+元音+輔音+不發(fā)音e如:kitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine2）輔音+元音如:hehigonodobehello閉音節(jié):1）輔音+元音+輔音如：sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead2）元音+輔音如:itisofinonupoutant掌握[p][b][t][d][k][g][i][i:][][:]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法p一般發(fā)音為：/p/。比如：piggy,pear,peach,pig,playetc.b一般發(fā)音為：/b/。比如：bike,bad,boy,bedetc.t一般發(fā)音為：/t/。比如：ten,twelve,hat,sweater,T-shirtetc.d一般發(fā)音為：/d/。比如：dog,dance,doll,ducketc.k一般發(fā)音為：/k/。比如：kill,kite,cook,parketc.一般在詞尾ck/k/,比如：duck,sock,black,jacket,chickench/k/，比如：school,Christmas,headachec有兩種發(fā)音：/k/o比如：cake,can,carrot,clap,clever,cow,card,cat,come,colormusic,picture.或/s/。比如：rice,cite,city.g一般發(fā)音為：/g/。比如：grandpa,green,grape,good,egg.[i]發(fā)音字母i：fish,big,six,milk,swim,swing,sister,little,give,is,it,Miss,pigpink,rabbit,ring,in,visit,window發(fā)音字母a:orange發(fā)音字母e:eleven,jacket-y:happy,party,story,family,eighty,hobbyey:monkey[i:]e:me,we,he,she,these,zebra字母組合ee:green,jeep,meet,queen,see,seesaw,three,feet,sheep,need,sweet,knee字母組合ea:icecream,please,teacher,read,peach,meat字母組合ieei:piece,believe,thief,receive[s]a:banana,umbrella,animal,away,zebra,abouto:carrot,lion,melon,tomorrowe:open字母組合or:color字母組合er:rooster,ruler,clever,teacher,farmer,hamburger,sweater[s:]字母組合ir:bird,girl,skirt,shirt,thirty,thirteen,third,sir字母組合ur:hamburger,Thursday字母組合or:work,word字母組合ear:earth,early,learn掌握f(shuō)][v]⑹[3][n][n：][u][u:]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法f一般發(fā)音為：/f/。比如：fine,five,fly,forth,fox,fan,frog,flooretc.ph/f/,比如：phone,photo,physics,elephant,laughgh/f/,比如：enough,coughv一般發(fā)音為：/v/。比如：vase,visit,very,seven,eleven,twelve,clever,wave,love,give,five.th/0/,比如：thank,three,mouth,birthday,third,math,tooth,teeth/d/比如：they,this,that,then,there,those,father,mother,brother[n]發(fā)音字母a:what,watch,wash發(fā)音字母o:hot,dog,stop,frog,not,orange,doll,fox,long,on,sock,story,off字母組合or:tomorrow[n:]字母組合al:all,small,tall,ball字母組合or:horse,short,morning,for,forty,SportsDay字母組合oor:door,floor字母組合aw:draw,seesaw字母組合our:four,your字母組合au:August,Australian字母組合ore:before字母組合oar:board[u]發(fā)音字母o:wolf,woman發(fā)音字母u:put,full,beautiful字母組合oo:book,good,foot,look,wool,cook[u:]發(fā)音字母u:blue,ruler發(fā)音字母o:who,whose,shoe字母組合oo:noodles,rooster,zoo,too,school字母組合ou:you掌握[s][z][ts][dz][A][a:]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法s一般發(fā)音為：/s/。比如：say,sing,sister,stop,seesaw,sweetetc.或/z/。比如：visit,nose,present,use,music,pleasec有兩種發(fā)音：/k/。比如：cake,card,clever,cap.或/s/。比如：face,nice,dance,pencil,rice,city,policeman.z一般發(fā)音為：/z/。比如：zebra,zoo,size,zerots[ts]cats,boats,rabbits,carrots,hats,shirts,skirts,kites,robots,SportsDayds[dz]cards,birds,beds,hands,heads,friends,goods,woods[A]發(fā)音字母o:brother,color,come,love,monkey,mother,some,son發(fā)音字母u:duck,must,number,umbrella,but,jump,run,uncle,us,buslunch實(shí)用文檔字母組合ou:touch,young,enough[a:]發(fā)音字母a:afternoon,banana,dance,father,grandma,grandpa,class,grass,basket字母組合ar:card,star,arm,art,farm,large,park,garden,car,Marchare一.掌握[tr][dr][e]民]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法．tr[tr]train,tree,try,trick,true,tripdr[dr]draw,dress,drink,dream,driver,hundred[e]e:egg,red,ten,hen,pen,pencil,let,pet,yes,hello,seven,yellow,bend,clever,leg,melon,next,present,eleven,twelve,friend,when,bella:many字母組合ea:head,ready,sweater[氏]a在閉音節(jié)中：bag,apple,hat,black,cat,carrot,rabbit,clap,can,hand,and,am,have,ant,family,happy,glad,stamp,animal,hamburger,grandpa,grandma掌握[門(mén)[3][t門(mén)[d3][ei][ai]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法sh/f/,比如：she,fish,ship,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,short,English,sheep,shoe.s/f/,sures[3]:usallych/tf/,比如：peach,touch,teacher,chair,lunch,,China,childrentch/tf/,比如：catch,match,watch,kitchen.dge/d3/,比如：bridge,knowledge.ge/d3/,比如：orange,large,fridge,age,page.j/d3/,比如：jeep,jacket,jump,just,subject,juice[ei]發(fā)音字母a:cake,vase,pencil-case,grape,make,name,wave,lake,take,faceplane,baby字母組合ay:lay,play,may,say,day,X-ray,away字母組合ey:they字母組合ai:wait,rain,train,E-mail,afraid字母組合ei:eight字母組合ea:great,break[ai]發(fā)音字母i:fine,five,hi,kite,lion,icecream,idea,nice,nine,white,bikelike,ride,size,slide發(fā)音字母y:bye,my,buy,eye,fly,try,shy字母組合igh:light,right,night,high掌握[h][r] [l] [DI][iD]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法h一般發(fā)音為：/h/。比如：happy,have,hello,horse,hamburger.wh/h/:whowhosewhole（特殊h不發(fā)音：hour,honest）r一般發(fā)音為：/r/。比如：rabbit,red,ruler,run,present,rain.wr-/r/:write,wrongl一般發(fā)音為：/l/。比如：lion,play,milk,smile,tail,leg.[DI]字母組合oy:boy,toy,oyster字母組合oi:oil,voice[iD]字母組合ea:idea,realy字母組合ear:year,ear,hear,near,clear,tear字母組合ere:here.掌握[m][n]g][ou][au]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法二.m一般發(fā)音為：/m/o比如：make,mom,music,math,monkey,mouthn一般發(fā)音為：/n/。比如：nine,nice,banana,need,enough.kn/n/,比如：knee,know,knife,knock.n在輔音[k][g]之前發(fā)[切：ng/n/,比如：sing,swing,morning,English,young,bring,kangaroo,long,penguin,ringnk/nk/,比如：uncle,thank,pink,monkey,ring,bank,ink,think[du]發(fā)音字母o:home,go,no,phone,nose,open,old,those字母組合ow:window,yellow,snow,know,follow,tomorrow字母組合oa:boat,coat,soap,goat,road,load[au]字母組合ow:now,cow,down,how,flower字母組合ou:house,mouse,mouth,about,cloudy一?掌握[j] [w]血][uo]的發(fā)音及寫(xiě)法二.y/j/o比如：yellow,year,yes,yoke,NewYork,you,yam,yesterday.—般在詞首w一般發(fā)音為：/w/。比如：watch,word,work,wear,we,wool,wife.wh/w/:white,when,where,what,why,which,whale[so]字母組合ere:there,where字母組合ear:wear,pear,bear,tear字母組合air：air，fair,hair,chair,stair字母組合are:care,dare,hare,farewell[uo]字母組合ure:sure字母組合oor:poor字母組合our:tour另：清輔音濁化英語(yǔ)濁化只出現(xiàn)在下列情況下：當(dāng)/p/、/t/、/k/、/tr/前面的音標(biāo)是/s/,且所在音節(jié)是重讀音節(jié)則清輔音濁化成/b/、Id、/g/、/dr/。濁化的一個(gè)根本特點(diǎn)是，發(fā)音發(fā)生改變，而音標(biāo)的書(shū)寫(xiě)方式?jīng)]有改變，所以在拼讀的時(shí)候尤其要注意。比如school我們雖然讀作/sgu:l/,但音標(biāo)依然要寫(xiě)成/sku:l/。女口：star,stop,skirt,SportDay,stamp,story,school,sky,spend,spring,student,study,speak,stick,stamp,strong,stay,streametc.名詞復(fù)數(shù)：1、構(gòu)成方法及讀音規(guī)則1） 一般情況力口-s：map-mapsboy-boysgirl-girlspen-pensbag-bagscar-cars清輔音后讀/s/,濁輔音和元音后讀/z/,在/s/,/z/,/J/,/t//,/d3/等音后讀/iz/女口：faces,oranges,vases,horse,fridge,nurse,office同2）2） 以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾力口一es,讀/iz/bus-buseswatch-watchesbox-boxesdress-dressesaddress-addressesfox-foxes3） 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加es,讀/z/babybabieshobby-hobbiescity-citiescountry-countries但以y結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如:twoMarystheHenrysmonkeymonkeysholidayholidays4） 以o結(jié)尾的名