英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件

TheSubjunctiveMood虛擬語(yǔ)氣Revision:TheSubjunctiveMood虛擬語(yǔ)氣Revisi1形式情況

條件從句

主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be用were)

would(should,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞would(should,could,might)+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would(should,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形形式情況條件從句主句與過(guò)去事2（1）在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)?lái)的主觀愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。1）表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）。2）表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”或“would,could,might+havedone”

。（2）在主語(yǔ)＋wouldrather＋that賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法（1）在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)相3（3）在表示提議、要求、命令、決定等動(dòng)詞如suggest,decide,require,request,demand,propose,insist,order等）后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。Should常被省略。一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）,兩個(gè)命令（order,command）,三個(gè)建議（suggest,advise,propose）,四個(gè)要求（ask,demandrequest,require）（3）在表示提議、要求、命令、決定等動(dòng)詞如suggest,4Heisnotapilot,buthewisheshe______(be).IwishI___________(meet)himyesterday.Iwishit__________(be)finetomorrow.Heorderedthework_________________(start)atonce.5.I’dratheryou_________(stay)athomealldaytoday.werehadmetwouldbe(should)bestartedstayedRevision:Heisnotapilot,buthewish5

例1、IfIwereyou,I

tothecinemawithher.(96)

A.wentB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wouldgo【分析】通過(guò)if從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“Iwere”可判斷出，該句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。主句用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。故選答案D。D、試題詳解例1、IfIwerey6例2

Thedoctorproposedthatmybrother

hisrighthand.(97)avoidtouseB.shouldavoidtouseC.avoidusingD.avoidedusing【分析】該題有兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)，一是propose后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞形式，二是avoid一詞后要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故選C。例2Thedoctorproposedthatm7例3

HadyounothelpedmewithmyEnglish,I

topassthefinalexamination.A.mightfailB.mighthavefailedC.shallfailD.wouldfail【分析】當(dāng)if從句中有were,should和had等詞時(shí)，可以省略if，同時(shí)把were,should,had放到主語(yǔ)前面形式倒裝。從句中的had…nothelped表明該句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此要選B。例3Hadyounothelpedmewith8虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法①I(mǎi)tisdesired（suggestedrequested,ordered,demanded…)+that…;②Itisstrange(necessary,possible,important,surprising,natural…)+that…;③Itisapity(nowonder…)+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should常被省略。例:Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法①I(mǎi)tisdesired（9他那樣說(shuō)話(huà)，令人吃驚。Itisstrangethathe(should)sayso.真遺憾，你失去了這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。Ithasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextmonth.已經(jīng)決定了把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲至下個(gè)月。Itisapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.他那樣說(shuō)話(huà)，令人吃驚。Itisstrangethat10高中學(xué)生掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)很有必要。Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudentshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.高中學(xué)生掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)很有必要。Itisnecessary11虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的用法

在suggestion,proposal,order,idea,news,request,advice,demand,plan

等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should常省略。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的用法在suggestion12

例Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagain.我的想法是在接受前仔細(xì)想想。Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagainisacceptedbythem.

我的再做一次試驗(yàn)的建議被他們所采納。例Mysuggestionis13由asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí)和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）或“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。(和虛擬條件謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式一樣)asif,asthough在狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句的用法由asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方14Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)Hebehavesasifheownedthe15

eg:HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.eg:Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.Itseemsasifit______alreadysummer.看起來(lái)好象到夏天了。were他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。eg:HetreatsmeasifIwere16HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.他說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)好像他是個(gè)英國(guó)人似的。Theytalkedaboutthecityasiftheyhadbeentherebefore.他們談?wù)撃亲鞘泻孟袼麄円郧罢嫒ミ^(guò)那兒似的。注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。HespeaksEnglishasifhewer17虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些句型中的應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些句型中的應(yīng)用18在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式常用過(guò)去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形（should不能省略），表示“現(xiàn)在該……”1、在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中我們?cè)撟吡?。Itistimeweleft/shouldleave.在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中19【分析】Itis(high)timethat…這一句型用虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，表示“提醒”或“催促”等意。故選D。例

Itistimewe

.(98)

A.startB.tostartC.startingD.started【分析】Itis(high)timethat…這一202、在Ifonly…的句型中ifonly…表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是“要是······就好了”，相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)＋wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。IfonlyitwereSundaytoday.要是我沒(méi)有丟掉我的車(chē)就好了。IfonlyI____________mycar.hadn’tlost2、在Ifonly…的句型中ifonly…表示一213.用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞由with,without,butfor等。Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.=ifyouhadamilliondollars＝ifwehadn’tgotyourhelpButforrain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain3.用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的介詞由with,w224.用在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor條件句中。Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.4.用在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifit235.含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他手段代替條件句。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副詞）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（連詞）=IfIhadnotbeenillthatday…Ifhehadnottelephonedtoinform…5.含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是24Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.=Ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.=Ifamanstoppeddrinkingwater,hewouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.定語(yǔ)從句:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):Everythingtakenintoconsider25E.ExercisesE.Exercises261.Itisstrangethathe_____________(make)suchamistake.That’sunexpected.2.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent________(bring)enoughfoodonthetrip.3.Mydemandisthatyou_____________(get)upatsix.4.Evenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.5.Withoutair,there__________(be)nolivingthings.shouldmakebring(should)get

werewouldbe1.Itisstrangethathe_____271.Ourteacherinsistedthatwe____inclass.A.notalkB.don’ttalkC.couldnottalkD.shouldnottalk2.Itissuggestedthattheexperiment_____madeinanotherway.A.beB.mustbeC.maybeD.wouldbe1.Ourteacherinsistedthatw283.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you_____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetBdrove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4.Ido____Icouldgiveyouahand.A.hopeB.wishC.expectD.think3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.I295.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe____ashorttripabroad.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.take