房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)與城市規(guī)劃相互作用機理研究 外文翻譯資料

論文題目：房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)與城市規(guī)劃相互作用機理研究外文翻譯資料譯文題目：OntheUrbanPlanningandCoordinatedDevelopmentofRealEstateDevelopmentOntheUrbanPlanningandCoordinatedDevelopmentofRealEstateDevelopmentAbstract:Urbanplanningisthroughtheplanningschemeofurbanlandusecontrol,urbanspatialdistribution,spatialDevelopmentoftherationalorganization,andcreateagoodurbanlivingandproductionenvironmenttomeetthesocio-Economicdevelopmentneedsofthetechnicalmeans.Therealestatedevelopmentistocombineavarietyofmaterials,providingpeoplewiththeactivitiesofavarietyofbuildings,isalanddevelopment,orconvertedintohousingprocess.

Keywords:urbanplanningrealestatedevelopment1.IntrinsicallyLinkedBetweenUrbanPlanningandRealEstateDevelopmentUrbanplanningisthroughtheplanningprogramofurbanlandusecontrol,urbanspatialdistribution,spatialdevelopmentoftherationalorganization,andcreateagoodurbanlivingandproductionenvironmenttomeetthesocio-economicdevelopmentneedsofthetechnicalmeans.Therealestatedevelopmentistocombineavarietyofmaterials,providingpeoplewiththeactivitiesofavarietyofbuildings,isalanddevelopment,orconvertedintohousingprocess.Tosomeextent,thesetwoareatdifferentstagesofurbanconstruction,withthecommongoalistourbanservices,andcreateagoodlivingandproductionenvironmenttomeetpeople'sneeds.Urbanplanningisanurbanrealestatedevelopmentofthe'leader',whichguideandconstrainurbanrealestatedevelopmentandurbanplanningurbandevelopmentblueprintdrawntorelyonrealestatedevelopmenttoachieve,andforthedevelopmentprocessintheemergenceofnewconditionsmakeadjustmentsandaddedthattherelationshipbetweenthetwoareinseparable.RealestateIndustryisakindofurbanform.Theriseofrealestatedevelopmentareinseparablefromtheurbanarea,whichispopulatedurbanareasinthecrowd,withtheindustrializationandthedevelopmentofcitiesonbehalfofthedevelopmentandtheformationofanindependentindustry.Therealestateactivityinsocio-economicpractice,theimportantrolemainlyintheurbanformisalsoreflectedinthepast.Visible,realestatedevelopmentandurbandevelopmentarecloselylinked.However,China'srealestateintheactualoperation,duetolatestart,aweakfoundation,sowiththedevelopmentofthecitythereisinconsistency.Thefirstisalonglag,followedbyshort-termoverheating,evenafteradjustmentshavebeentoday,therearestillsomelackofcoordinationproblems.Amongthem,urbanplanningandrealestateincompatibilityproblemisthemoreprominentaspect.Themeasurestakeninordertopromotetheformationoftherealestateindustryinthedevelopmentofstrongregionalandurbanplanninganddevelopmentofpositiveinteraction,sothattherealestateindustryinthisbasic,leadingindustrytobetterplayaroleinurbandevelopment.Thisarticleattemptsonthisissuefromseveralaspectsofanalysis.2.CharacteristicofUrbanPlanningandRealEstateDevelopmentUrbanplanningisakindofgovernmentintervention,planningtheprogrammorepreparedbythegovernmentsectororganizations,withstrongplanningandpolicy,toconsidertheoverallinterestsandlong-terminterests;andrealestatedevelopmentofmulti-enterpriseorindividualeconomicbehaviorinordertoseekmaximumprofitsforthepurposebythelawofmarketeconomyconstraints.Thisdeterminestheurbanplanningandrealestatedevelopment,thedifferentfeatures.（1）Urbanplanningandrealestatedevelopmenttheoverallbestindividualtoconsidertheentirecitythebestcityplanningevenlargerregionalcontext,rationalorganizationoflandinordertoachieveeconomic,socialandecologicalbenefitsofaunified,withtheoverallsituationofcharacteristics.Itseekstheoptimalmodelofurbandevelopmentasawhole,foraparticularlocation,aparticulardevelopmentoftheindustryisoftennotthebest,andmayevenbeextremelydetrimental.Realestatedevelopmentistheindividualeconomicbehavior.Developersfromtheirowninterests,alwayschoosethebestlocationconditions,usingthehighest-yielddevelopmentapproachandaskforahigherfloorarearatio.Ifthelackofplanningandmanagement,itsdevelopmentactivitiesarelikelytocausetrafficcongestion,environmentalpollution,lackofpublicfacilitiesandsoon.

（2）Long-terminterestsofurbanplanningandrealestatedevelopmentofshort-termbehavioroftheoverallplanningofurbanlifeingeneralfor20years,thatistheultimateformofexpressionofurbanplanningfor20yearsafterthephysicalformofcities,urbananimportantbasisforlong-termdevelopmentinterests.Whileurbanlandinvestorsanddevelopersofthemostimportantishowtoinvestintheshortestpossibletime.Getthemostprofit,short-termgoalofbecominganimportantbasisformeasuringtheviabilityoftheproject.Urbandevelopmenttocoordinatelong-terminterestsandshort-terminterests,sothatthegrandblueprintforurbanplanninganotheronethroughashort-termrealestatedevelopmentactivitiestoachievethecitytobesteadyandcoordinateddevelopment.Ifyouover-emphasizelong-terminterestswouldbelostopportunitiesforeconomicdevelopment;excessiveemphasisonshort-termbenefits,itmayincreasetheburdenandharmthefutureofthecity'surbanpublicinterest.

（3）TherelativestabilityofurbanplanningandrealestatedevelopmentofthesuddenthepreparationofurbanplanninginChinatakealongtime.Completewithalegaleffect,theimplementationofanumberofyearsafterrevision,itscontentsandformsofexpressionwiththerelativestabilityofsex.Theavailabilityofacompetitivemechanismunderthemarketsystem.Realestatedevelopmentmustseizetheopportunityandfocusondevelopmentofpost-earnings,tendtooccurbeyondtheplanningofemergencymanagementpersonnelexpectedbehavior.UrbanRealEstateDevelopmentsuddenabigimpactontheexistingurbanplanning.Haveasignificantimpactonurbandevelopment,developmentprojectsandevenledtothedecision-makingandplanningobjectivescontraryto,sothatthewholeplanningconceptwasbroken,completelydisruptedthepatternofurbandevelopment,theoriginalplanmeaningless.3.TheRelationshipbetweenCityPlanningandRealEstateDevelopmentFirst,urbanplanningrealestatedevelopmentasanessentialregulatoryrole.China's'UrbanPlanningLaw'providesthat'landuse,urbanplanningareaandallconstructionmustcomplywithurbanplanning,subjecttoplanningandmanagement.Specifically,itisthenatureofurbanconstructionland,location,size,constructionprojectsappearance,height,buildingdensity,plotratioandsomustaccepttheplanningandmanagement.Astherealestatedevelopmentinpursuitofmaximumprofitsforthepurposebythemarketimpactofeconomiclaws,ifthereisnoplantointervenepronetoover-exploitation,andneglectthepublicinterestanddevelopingatsuchissuesasthemeansofitscontrolthroughtheplanningisverynecessary.Second，theurbanplanningtoguideandpromoterealestatedevelopment.Basedondetailedinvestigationandscientificargumentationonthebasisofurbanplanning,providesdeveloperswithawealthofInformationanddevelopmentofthebasisforselectionoflotsinrealestatedevelopment,programdevelopmentselection,priceassessmentsandsoonfromtheurbanplanningguidance.Rationalurbanplanningcanalsoenhancetheconfidenceofinvestorsandpromotingthedevelopmentofrealestatedevelopmentandtheformationofagroupofdeveloping'hotspots'.

Onceagain,UrbanPlanningandDesignisalsoarealestateasanecessarystepinchipdevelopmentandthenecessarymeans.Developmentofpiecesofrealestatemustgothroughinordertocarryoutoverallplanninganddesignconstruction,planninganddesigncansaveareasonableinvestment,reducecosts,atahigherlevelwithintheframeworkofplanningpermission,accesstomanymoreandwideruseoftheproperty,sothatdeveloperstoachievemaximumcost-effectiveness,butalsoconducivetobetterandmoreeconomicaltomeetthepeople'slivingandproductionneeds.Inshort,realestatedevelopment,wemustaccepttheunifiedmanagementofurbanplanning,butalsofromtheurbanplanningguidanceandpromotion.Realestatedevelopmentandtheplanninganddesignisalsoanecessarymeanstoseekareasonablecost.Theserequireoperatorstoenhancetherealestatedevelopment,urbanplanningawarenessandunderstandingofpropertydevelopmentwheretheurbanplanningsituation,acquireacertainamountofplanningknowledgeandtechnology,sothatundertheguidanceofurbanplanningmoreeffectivelyengageindevelopmentwork.Repostedelsewhereinthepaperforfreedownload

4.UncoordinatedDevelopmentinthePerformanceofRealEstateDevelopmentandUrbanPlanningInpresent,somecitiesstillexistinrealestatedevelopmentdeviatedfromtheurbanplanningphenomenon.（1）over-exploitation.Inthepursuitofrevenue,drivenbybusinessobjectives,oftenwithinthelotwillcausesometoseetheprogressofthedevelopmentoflivingAreadevelopmentorreconstructionprocess,thedevelopmentdepartmenttoraisearoomrate,apressureforresidentialspaceandthenpressure,asfaraspossibleincreasedbuildingdensity,asimplearrangementofthedeterminant-intensive,oftenresultingindullappearanceofresidentialareasandsunlight,declineinthequalitylivingenvironmentandsoon.（2）thedevelopmentofarbitrariness.Intheurbandevelopmentactivities,thedifferentusesoflandfordevelopmentwhentheleveloftheirearningsarealsodifferent,leadingtothedevelopmentsectordevelopmentactinacertaindegreeofarbitrariness.（3）forthedevelopmentofcold-shoulderedbythepublic.Publicfacilities,urbandevelopmentfoundationandanessentialprerequisiteforsocialinterests.Butmunicipalfacilities,landscaping,roadsandotherpublicfacilitiesasthemainpublicdevelopment,becausethereisnodirecteconomicbenefits,andthereforedidnottaketheinitiativetoinvestinthedevelopmentsector.5.TheMeasuresTakenbyTheCoordinatedDevelopmentofUrbanTownPlanningandRealEstateDevelopmentThemostdirectandmostconcreteandmostinfluentialisthefundamentalbasisforthedevelopmentofrealestate.Therealestatedevelopment,urbanplanningisthefootholdandtobeimplementedontheground.Therefore,onlyplanningtodevelopinlinewiththemarketeconomyinordertoeffectivelycontrolurbanplanningrealestatedevelopment.Also,becauserealestatedevelopmentwithashort-termbehaviorandsudden-onsetcharacteristics,butalsototheexistingurbanplanningsystemhasbroughtagreatimpactonurbanplanninginthenewsituationdemandstestimonywasnecessaryadjustments.（1）cityplanningshouldstrengthenthemanagementofrealestatedevelopment,firstofall,wemustenhancetheawarenessofplanningahead.TownPlanningaheadnotonlymaketherealestatedevelopmentsectorhascertainperiodoftimeandideas,materialpreparedinaccordancewiththeplanningfordevelopmentandconstruction,butalsocanaffectthedirectionofInvestmentinrealestatedevelopment,strategy,promotingthehealthydevelopmentofrealestateindustry.Second,wemustenhancepeople'sawarenessofthelegalsystem.Citiesshouldbebasedontheactualsituationaround,toamarketeconomyasitspremise,'UrbanPlanningLaw'asthebasistoformulate'UrbanPlanningLaw'implementationdetailsofthetechnicalspecificationssuchasurbanplanningandmanagementoflocallawsandregulations,thelegaleffectoftheurbanplanningoftheHousingthewholeprocessofrealestatedevelopmentplayedanimportantroleinthemacro-constraints.Third,wemustenhancetheplanningdepartmentsenseoffunction.Practicehasprovedthatinmanycities,therightplanningandmanagementunderthenewsituationmustbehighlyconcentrated,shouldnotbedelegated.Planningdepartmentshouldalsostrengthenthedevelopmentzoneplanningandmanagement.（2）planningmustfullyconsidertheinterestsofdeveloperstoenhanceplanningflexibilityandadaptability.

Inamarketeconomy,urbanplanninginurbandevelopmentprocesshasalwaysbeenthedevelopmentdoesnothavetherighttodecide,butonlyhasvetopower,soUrbanplanningshouldstrengthenResearchontherealestateeconomy,sothatplanningasthe'leader',drivingtherealestatedevelopmentandurbanconstructionanddevelopment,inordertomaketheplanningvisionimplemented.Inaddition,China'scurrenturbanplanningsystemisstilltheideal-typeapproachtoplanningtheultimatedominance,itisdifficulttofacetherealityofconflict.Inthefutureurbanplanningshouldenhancetheflexibilityandadaptabilityforurbanconstructionandrealestatedevelopmentintheemergenceofnewsituationsandproblems,wemustconstantlymakeadjustmentstotheplanningandsupplementstotheprogressiverealizationof'rollingplan'.（3）andrealestatedevelopmentandmanagementoftheplanningphasetoadapttothenewmethodofcontrollingthedetailedplanningofourdivisionsinrecentyearsinWesterncountriesonthebasisofmanagementExperiencetomeetthepaiduseofurbanlandandrealestatedevelopmentandmanagementanddevelopedanewplanninglevel,inShanghai,Wenzhou,Guangzhouandothercitieshavesuccessfulexperience.Itgenerallyprovides8-9itemsofcontrolindicators(landboundaries,buildingcharacter,plotratio,buildingheight,entrancesandexits,etc.)tocontrolthenatureofthedelimitationoflandplotstodevelopstrengthandarchitecturalform.Inordertoattractinvestment,allowinginvestorsgreaterfreedomasregardsthelocationandinaccordancewithplanningrequirements,detailedrulescontrollingthecontroltargetshouldbeacertaindegreeofflexibilityandcanevenusebonusfloorarearatiobymeansof.6.ConclusionsUrbanplanningandrealestatedevelopmentcanbeinterpretedasdifferentstagesofurbanconstruction,planningandimplementationoftherelationshipbetweenthetwoservicestogethertobuildcities,fromthispointofview,theirgoalisthesame.Lookatalowerlevel,developmentinvestorsandmanagerstopursuethegoalplanningisinconsistent,leadingtourbanplanningandrealestatedevelopmentbetweentheconflict.Realestatedevelopmentshouldbesubordinatedtourbanplanning,whilethedevelopmentprocessencounterednewproblems,newsituationsandtimelyfeedbacktothecityplanningdepartment;urbanplanningisnecessarytostrengthenthemanagementofrealestatedevelopmenttoadapttothedevelopmentofrealestatedevelopment,soeasytoimplementplan.Inshort,urbanplanningandrealestatedevelopmenttomutualunderstanding,coordinationandinteractioninordertoachieveavirtuouscycleofurbandevelopment.ThisarticlefromSpringer論城市規(guī)劃與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展摘要：

城市規(guī)劃是通過規(guī)劃方案對城市土地利用進行控制，對城市空間布局、空間發(fā)展的合理組織，創(chuàng)造良好的城市生活和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，滿足社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展需要的技術(shù)手段。而房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)是把多種原材料組合在一起，為人們提供各種用途建筑物的活動，是一個把土地開發(fā)，或轉(zhuǎn)變成房屋的過程。關(guān)鍵字：城市規(guī)劃

房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)1.城市規(guī)劃與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)內(nèi)在聯(lián)系城市規(guī)劃是通過規(guī)劃方案對城市土地利用進行控制，對城市空間布局、空間發(fā)展的合理組織，創(chuàng)造良好的城市生活和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，滿足社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展需要的技術(shù)手段。而房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)是把多種原材料組合在一起，為人們提供各種用途建筑物的活動，是一個把土地開發(fā)，或轉(zhuǎn)變成房屋的過程。從某種程度上說，這兩者是城市建設(shè)的不同階段，其共同目的是為城市服務(wù)、創(chuàng)造良好的生活和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，以滿足人們需要。城市規(guī)劃是一個城市房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的“龍頭”，它指導(dǎo)和制約著城市房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)，而城市規(guī)劃所繪制的城市發(fā)展藍圖要依靠房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)來實現(xiàn)，并針對開發(fā)過程中出現(xiàn)的新情況而作出調(diào)整和補充，兩者關(guān)系密不可分。房地產(chǎn)業(yè)是一種城市形態(tài)的產(chǎn)業(yè)。房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起、發(fā)展都離不開城市地域，它是在人群聚居的城市地區(qū)中，隨著工業(yè)化、城市代的發(fā)展而發(fā)展，并形成的獨立產(chǎn)業(yè)。而房地產(chǎn)業(yè)在社會經(jīng)濟實踐活動中的重要作用也主要是在城市形態(tài)中體現(xiàn)也來的?？梢?，房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展與城市的發(fā)展有著密切聯(lián)系。但我國的房地產(chǎn)業(yè)在實際運作中，由于起步晚、基礎(chǔ)差，因此與城市的發(fā)展存在著不協(xié)調(diào)之處。首先是長期的滯后，隨后出現(xiàn)了短期的過熱，即使在經(jīng)過調(diào)整后的今天，仍存在一些不協(xié)調(diào)的問題。其中，城市規(guī)劃與房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的不協(xié)調(diào)性問題是比較突出的一個方面。該如何采取措施，才能促使形成房地產(chǎn)業(yè)這一地域性很強的產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展與城市規(guī)劃發(fā)展的良性互動，使房地產(chǎn)業(yè)這一基礎(chǔ)性、先導(dǎo)性產(chǎn)業(yè)更好地在城市發(fā)展中發(fā)揮作用。本文試圖就這一問題，從幾個方面進行分析研究。2.城市規(guī)劃與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的特點城市規(guī)劃是一種政府干預(yù)行為，規(guī)劃方案多由政府部門組織編制，具有很強的計劃性和政策性，考慮整體利益和長遠利益；而房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)多是企業(yè)或個人的經(jīng)濟行為，以謀求最大利潤為目的，受市場經(jīng)濟規(guī)律的制約。這決定了城市規(guī)劃與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的不同特點。城市規(guī)劃是一種政府干預(yù)行為，規(guī)劃方案多由政府部門組織編制，具有很強的計劃性和政策性，考慮整體利益和長遠利益；而房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)多是企業(yè)或個人的經(jīng)濟行為，以謀求最大利潤為目的，受市場經(jīng)濟規(guī)律的制約。這決定了城市規(guī)劃與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的不同特點。(1)城市規(guī)劃的整體最優(yōu)和房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的個體最優(yōu)城市規(guī)劃考慮整個城市甚至更大區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)用地的合理組織，以求達到經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益和生態(tài)效益的統(tǒng)一，具有全局性的特點。它尋求城市發(fā)展的整體最優(yōu)模式，對某一特定地段，某一特定行業(yè)的發(fā)展往往不是最優(yōu)，甚至可能是極為不利。房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)是個體經(jīng)濟行為.開發(fā)商從自身利益出發(fā)，總是選擇區(qū)位條件最好的地段，采用收益最大的開發(fā)方式，要求更高的容積率。如果缺乏規(guī)劃管理，其開發(fā)活動很可能造成交通擁塞、環(huán)境污染、缺少公共設(shè)施等問題。(2)城市規(guī)劃的長遠利益和房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的短期行為城市總體規(guī)劃的年限一般為20年，即城市規(guī)劃最終形式表達為20年以后的城市物質(zhì)形態(tài)，城市長期發(fā)展利益為其重要依據(jù)。而對城市土地投資者和開發(fā)商最為重要的是如何使投入資金在最短時間內(nèi).獲得最大利潤，短期行為目標成為衡量項目可行性的重要依據(jù)。城市開發(fā)建設(shè)要協(xié)調(diào)長遠利益與短期利益的關(guān)系，使城市規(guī)劃的宏偉藍圖通過一個又一個的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的短期活動來實現(xiàn)，城市得到穩(wěn)步、協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展。如果過份強調(diào)長遠利益，會失去經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的機會；過分強調(diào)短期效益，則可能加重未來城市的負擔(dān)和損害城市公眾利益。(3)城市規(guī)劃的相對穩(wěn)定性和房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的突發(fā)性城市規(guī)劃編制工作需較長時間.完成后具有法律效應(yīng)，實施若干年后，才加以修訂，它的內(nèi)容和表達形式具有相對穩(wěn)定性。在具備競爭機制的市場體制下.房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)要抓住時機和注重開發(fā)后的收益，往往會出現(xiàn)出乎規(guī)劃管理人員預(yù)想的突發(fā)行為。城市房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的突發(fā)性對現(xiàn)有城市規(guī)劃沖擊很大。對城市發(fā)展具有重大影響的開發(fā)項目甚至導(dǎo)致政府決策與規(guī)劃目標相悖，使整個規(guī)劃構(gòu)思被打破，城市發(fā)展格局完全打亂，原有規(guī)劃失去意義。3.城市規(guī)劃與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的關(guān)系首先城市規(guī)劃對房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)起到必要的管制作用。我國《城市規(guī)劃法》規(guī)定“城市規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)的土地使用和各項建設(shè)必須符合城市規(guī)劃，服從規(guī)劃管理?！本唧w來說，就是城市建設(shè)用地的性質(zhì)、位置、面積、建設(shè)工程的外觀、高度、建筑密度、容積率等都必須接受規(guī)劃管理。由于房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)以追求最大利潤為目的，受市場經(jīng)濟規(guī)律影響，若沒有規(guī)劃干預(yù)容易產(chǎn)生過度開發(fā)，隨意開發(fā)和忽視公眾利益等問題，通過規(guī)劃手段對其進行管制是十分必要的。其次，城市規(guī)劃指導(dǎo)和促進房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)。建立在詳細調(diào)查和科學(xué)論證基礎(chǔ)上的城市規(guī)劃，為開發(fā)商提供了大量信息和開發(fā)依據(jù)，房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的地段選擇，開發(fā)方案選取，價格評估等都能從城市規(guī)劃中獲得指導(dǎo)。合理的城市規(guī)劃也能增強投資者的信心，促進房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的發(fā)展和形成一批開發(fā)“熱點”。再次，城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計也是房地產(chǎn)成片開發(fā)的必經(jīng)階段和必要手段。房地產(chǎn)