創(chuàng)造性解決問(wèn)題課件

創(chuàng)造性解決問(wèn)題ppt課件1“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”“想象力比知識(shí)更重要。”-AlbertEinstein“Imaginationismoreimportant2CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問(wèn)題CourseObjective:課程目標(biāo)：Todeveloptechniquesforresolvingworkbasedproblemsinacreativeandinnovativeway.以一種創(chuàng)造和革新的方式發(fā)展解決工作中問(wèn)題的技巧。CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決3Youwilllearn:Toidentifyclearlyobjectivestobeachieved.

清楚地了解要取得的目標(biāo)Thebarrierstoproblemsolving

解決問(wèn)題的障礙Howtodevelopaproblem-solvingmodel如何發(fā)展一種解決問(wèn)題的模式CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問(wèn)題Youwilllearn:CreativeProble4Youwilllearn:Toimproveproblemsolvingskillsbytheuseofthefishboneandwhy-whytechniques.

利用魚(yú)骨法和為什么-為什么法提高解決問(wèn)題的技巧Howtodevelopadecision-makingmodel如何發(fā)展一種決策模式Howtodevelopcreativeandinternalthinking

如何發(fā)展創(chuàng)造性和內(nèi)在思維CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問(wèn)題Youwilllearn:CreativeProble5HowtoPerceiveProblems?

如何看待問(wèn)題？Therearenoproblems. 沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。Everyproblemisanopportunityindisguise. 每一個(gè)問(wèn)題都是一個(gè)潛在的機(jī)會(huì)。HowtoPerceiveProblems?

如何看待6Whatisaproblem?

問(wèn)題是什么？ “Itisagapbetweenacurrentandadesiredstate”問(wèn)題就是目前的情況和你渴望得到的狀態(tài)之間的差距。Itisabarrier,obstacle,restrain,etc.thathinderssmoothprogress,reduceseffectivenessandrequiresanalysisbeforeactionistaken.問(wèn)題是一種障礙、阻攔、抑制，它阻礙著事情的順利發(fā)展，使我們?cè)谛袆?dòng)之前減少對(duì)有效性及需求的分析。Whatisaproblem?

問(wèn)題是什么？ “It7CreativeProblem-solvingModel創(chuàng)造性解決問(wèn)題模式－7步1.ProblemFinding(Problemdefinition)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題（問(wèn)題的定義）2.FactFinding(Problemdescription)找到事實(shí)根據(jù)（問(wèn)題的描述）3.Cause&EffectAnalysis(ProblemAnalysis)因果分析（問(wèn)題的分析）4.ProblemStatement問(wèn)題的表述5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction(Identifysolutions) 產(chǎn)生富有想象力的辦法(找到解決辦法)6.IdeaScreening(Verificationofsolution篩選各種想法（確認(rèn)解決辦法）7.ImplementationPlan實(shí)施計(jì)劃CreativeProblem-solvingModel8ProblemFinding發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題Symptoms癥狀Problems問(wèn)題TheRealProblesms真正的問(wèn)題ProblemFindingSymptoms癥狀Prob91.ProblemFinding發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題Bankdeclinedtheloanrequest銀行拒絕了你的貸款要求Bankthinksthatyouhavenodebtpayingability銀行認(rèn)為你沒(méi)有還債能力Banklearnsthatyourcompanymadealargeinvestmentinaprojectwihichhasnotbeencompleted銀行獲悉你的公司在一個(gè)尚未完成的項(xiàng)目上投入了大筆資金Oneofyourcompetitorsmadeuptherumourthatyourcompanysufferedagreatlossinthatproject你的一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手散布謠言說(shuō)你的公司在那個(gè)項(xiàng)目上損失巨大IdentifytheProblem

找出問(wèn)題1.ProblemFinding發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題Bankde103.Cause-and-EffectAnalysis

因果分析The“FishboneDiagram”“魚(yú)骨圖”The“Why-WhyDiagram”“為什么-為什么分析法圖”AnalyzetheProblem

分析問(wèn)題3.Cause-and-EffectAnalysis

11StepstoDevelopaFishboneDiagram發(fā)展魚(yú)骨分析法的步驟Identifytheeffect明確現(xiàn)象Identifythemajorcausecategories明確主要原因的種類Brainstormthepossiblecauesoftheproblem對(duì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題的可能原因進(jìn)行集思廣益Assesseachmajorcausecategory評(píng)定每個(gè)主要原因的種類Reachanagreementonthemostlikelycause(s) 在最可能的原因上取得一致意見(jiàn)StepstoDevelopaFishboneDi12FishboneDiagram

魚(yú)骨分析圖IncreasedProductCosts產(chǎn)品成本增加FishboneDiagram

魚(yú)骨分析圖Increase13Possible“Cause”Categories

可能的“原因”種類People,Places,Policies&Procedures(4Ps) 人、地點(diǎn)、政策及程序Suppliers,Skills,Systems&Surroundings(4Ss) 供應(yīng)商、技巧、系統(tǒng)及環(huán)境Methods,Materials,Machines(3Ms)方法、原料、設(shè)備和人#Youcanhaveanycategoriesthatsuityourneeds

你可能有適合你需要的別的分類Possible“Cause”Categories

可能14IncreasedProductCosts產(chǎn)品成本增加FishboneDiagram-CauseCategories魚(yú)骨法分析原因種類Place地點(diǎn)Procedure程序People人Policies政策IncreasedFishboneDiagram-Caus15BuildingAFishboneDiagram

勾畫(huà)一幅魚(yú)骨圖IncreasedProductcost產(chǎn)品成本增加Rawmaterialpriceincreased原材料價(jià)格上漲Landuserentincreased土地租金上漲Electricitycostincreased電的成本增加Transportationcostincreased運(yùn)輸成本增加Bankinterestrateincreased銀行利率上升Labourwagesincreased勞動(dòng)工資增長(zhǎng)BuildingAFishboneDiagram

勾畫(huà)16DrawingAWhy-WhyDiagram

畫(huà)一幅為什么-為什么分析圖WHY?WHY?WHY?DrawingAWhy-WhyDiagram

畫(huà)一幅為174.ProblemStatement

闡述問(wèn)題Statedinshortandprecisewords以簡(jiǎn)短和準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)言陳述Clearandunambiguous 清晰而不含糊Definedintermsthatwillassistinthemeasurementoftheoutcome按照有助于衡量結(jié)果的方式闡述問(wèn)題4.ProblemStatement

闡述問(wèn)題S185.ImaginativeIdeaProduction

展開(kāi)想象，產(chǎn)生主意Brainstorming集思廣益TriggerSessions舉一反三Scenariowritingorscenariodaydreaming場(chǎng)景寫(xiě)作或場(chǎng)景幻想Suggestionschemes 建議方案GenerateSolutions產(chǎn)生解決辦法5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction19Brainstorming

集思廣益

Brainstormingisatechniquetoencouragegroupcreativity:thisprocessallowsyoutousetherightbrainwhichisthecreativepartwhencomparedtothelogicalthinkingleftbrain. 集思廣益是一種鼓勵(lì)小組創(chuàng)造性的技巧：這一過(guò)程讓你運(yùn)用右腦的創(chuàng)造性功能，而不是左腦的邏輯思維。Brainstorming

集思廣益 Brainstormi20TheRulesofBrainstorming

集思廣義之規(guī)則GoforQuantity 追求數(shù)量PostponeJudgement 不急于判斷TheRulesofBrainstorming

集思廣21Twotypesofbrainstorming:

集思廣益的兩種類型：Freewheeling:

Shareideasallatonceandlistallideasastheyare“shoutedout”.隨心所欲式：大家座在一起立刻分享主意，并且列出大家“喊出”的所有主意。RoundRobin:

Everyonetakesaturnofferinganidea,anyonecanpassonanyturn,allcontinueuntiltherearenomoreideasandallideasarelistedastheyareoffered.循環(huán)式：每個(gè)人依次提供一個(gè)主意，任何人也可隨時(shí)插入主意，這樣，一直循環(huán)直到?jīng)]有主意再產(chǎn)生，同時(shí)這期間大家提供的所有主意應(yīng)該被列出來(lái)。Twotypesofbrainstorming:

集思22Theprocessofabrainstormingsession:

集思廣益方法：Don’teditwhatissaidandremembernottocriticiseideas不要改變或糾正別人所說(shuō)的，并記住不要批評(píng)任何創(chuàng)意。Goforquantityofideasatthispoint;narrowdownthelistlater在這一階段追求的是創(chuàng)意的數(shù)量，以后再縮減創(chuàng)意列單。encouragewildorexaggeratedideas(creativityisthekey)鼓勵(lì)瘋狂而夸張的創(chuàng)意(創(chuàng)造性是關(guān)鍵)Buildontheideasofothers(e.g.,onemembermightsaysomethingthat‘spark’anothermember’sideas)拋磚引玉(例如，可能某個(gè)人說(shuō)出的某個(gè)主意突然就點(diǎn)燃了另一個(gè)人創(chuàng)意的‘火花’。)Theprocessofabrainstorming23CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Whatblockscreativity? 是什么阻礙創(chuàng)造性？Whatencouragescreativity? 是什么激勵(lì)創(chuàng)造性？CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Whatbl24TheFourBarrierstoCreativity-BARS阻礙創(chuàng)造性的4個(gè)障礙B

BrainActivity 腦力活動(dòng)AssumptionsThatAren’tTrue不正確的假設(shè)Routines 常規(guī)Skepticism 懷疑論ARSTheFourBarrierstoCreativit25EnviromentalChange環(huán)境改變Competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)Lackofprecedence沒(méi)有先例RequiredbyLeaders被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要求Increaseorganisationaleffectiveness提高工作的有效性Emphasisonmanagerialcontrol強(qiáng)調(diào)管理控制Short-termthinking短期考慮Over-analysisofideas對(duì)想法的分析過(guò)多Pressuretodomorewithless工作太多，壓力大，沒(méi)有時(shí)間多考慮Creativity創(chuàng)造性Factorspushingforcreativity促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性的因素Factorspushingagainstcreativity阻礙創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)生的因素EnviromentalEmphasisonCreativ26CreativeThinkingTechnique

創(chuàng)造性思維的技巧

Brainstorming腦力風(fēng)暴ThinkingLanguages思想語(yǔ)言IrrelevantOrigins無(wú)關(guān)根源Relabeling重新命名Netwon’sThirdLaw牛頓第3定律Analogies比喻CreativeThinkingTechnique

創(chuàng)造27CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Brainstorming 集思廣益DeBono’sSixthinkinghats DeBono的六頂思考的帽子CreativeThinking

創(chuàng)造性思維Brainst28SixThinkingHats六頂思考的帽子

byEdwarddeBonoEmotions: 情感Speculation: 思索Creativity: 創(chuàng)造SixThinkingHats六頂思考的帽子

byE29The“Hat”youwearaffectshowyou你戴的“帽子”將影響你的think思考act行為feel感覺(jué)relatetoothers與別人的關(guān)系The“Hat”youwearaffectshow30Emotions-TheWhiteHat

情感－白帽子Objective/Noemotion 客觀的/無(wú)情感色彩Focusesonfacts&figures 注重事實(shí)和數(shù)字Judgementnotbasedonfeelings不是靠感覺(jué)來(lái)作判斷Emotions-TheWhiteHat

情感－白帽31Emotions-TheRedHat

情感－紅帽子Emotionoriented情感導(dǎo)向NoJustificationNeeded 無(wú)需正當(dāng)理由Intuitionor“Hunches”arelegitimised 直覺(jué)或“預(yù)感”都是合理的Emotions-TheRedHat

情感－紅帽子E32Speculation-TheBlackHat

思索－黑帽子Negativedisposition 消極的性格傾向Pessimisticinoutlook 對(duì)前途悲觀Findsproblems&faultsinallideas對(duì)任何主意都要找出問(wèn)題和錯(cuò)誤Cautious謹(jǐn)慎Speculation-TheBlackHat

思索33Speculation-TheYellowHat

思索－黃帽子Positivedisposition積極的性格傾向Optimisticorientation樂(lè)觀傾向Exploresthebenefits&opportunityinideas 探索創(chuàng)意中的利益和機(jī)會(huì)Feasible/whyitcouldwork 切實(shí)可行的/為什么它有用Speculation-TheYellowHat

思34Creativity-TheBlueHat

創(chuàng)造－藍(lán)帽子Organised&controlled 有組織的和可控制的Cool&clearthinking 冷靜及清晰的思考Questionsarefocused專注問(wèn)題Rulesarefollowed遵循規(guī)則Synthesis(builds&pullstogether)合力（齊心協(xié)力，共同建造）Creativity-TheBlueHat

創(chuàng)造－藍(lán)35Creativity-TheGreenHat

創(chuàng)造－綠帽子CreativeThinking 創(chuàng)造性思維Provocative煽動(dòng)性Generationofnewideas 新主意的產(chǎn)生Seeksalternatives 尋求可供選擇的辦法Creativity-TheGreenHat

創(chuàng)造－36SixThinkingHats六頂思考的帽子PureFacts純事實(shí)PureEmotions純情感Negative消極的Positive積極的Focus專注Creative創(chuàng)造Youshoulduseallofthehatswhenaddressinganyproblem當(dāng)你著手解決任何問(wèn)題時(shí)，都應(yīng)該運(yùn)用上面這些帽子進(jìn)行思考。SixThinkingHatsPureFactsPur376.IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法Force-fieldAnalysis 力量分析The“How-HowDiagram” 怎樣－怎樣分析VerifySolutions驗(yàn)證解決辦法6.IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法Fo38ForceFieldDiagramisananalysistoolthatisused力量分析是一種分析工具，可用于

Identifyobstaclestoreachingagoal找出達(dá)到目標(biāo)的障礙

Identifypossiblecauses&solutionstoaproblem找出問(wèn)題的可能的原因及解決辦法

Individualorteamisunabletoproceedanyfurther個(gè)人或團(tuán)隊(duì)無(wú)法進(jìn)一步前進(jìn)ForceFieldDiagramisananal39ForceFieldDiagram力量分析圖CurrentSituation:目前情況Goal目標(biāo):Situation情況Goal目標(biāo)Worse更糟(DrivingForces)動(dòng)力(RestrainingForces)阻力ForceFieldDiagramCurrentSit40ForceFieldDiagram力量分析圖CurrentSituation:Stockslevels25%toohigh目前情況：大大高于庫(kù)存標(biāo)準(zhǔn)25％Goal:Reducestocklevelsby25%目標(biāo)：減少庫(kù)存標(biāo)準(zhǔn)到25％Situation情況Goal目標(biāo)Worse更糟ForceFieldDiagramCurrentSit41Force-fieldAnalysis力量分析學(xué)生數(shù)量增加...動(dòng)力...好的教學(xué)設(shè)施靈活的學(xué)習(xí)方式課程的質(zhì)量競(jìng)爭(zhēng)增加行政人員缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)政府資助的取消阻力Force-fieldAnalysis學(xué)生數(shù)量增加...動(dòng)42IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法‘How-HowDiagram’ 怎樣-怎樣分析圖Assistsintheimplementationprocess有助于完成程序Followsthe‘Why-Why’thinkingprocess 遵循“為什么-為什么”思考程序IdeaScreening

篩選各種想法‘How-How43TheHow-HowDiagram

怎樣-怎樣分析圖給銀行提供日期舉行一個(gè)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)怎樣怎樣TheHow-HowDiagram

怎樣-怎樣分析圖給銀447.ImplementationPlan

實(shí)施計(jì)劃Preparation準(zhǔn)備Execution執(zhí)行Check檢查Implementthesolution實(shí)施解決辦法7.ImplementationPlan

實(shí)施計(jì)45ImplementationPlan實(shí)施計(jì)劃:Preparation準(zhǔn)備Identifyyourtargetaudience 明確你的目標(biāo)聽(tīng)眾Sellthebenefitsofyoursolution講出你的解決辦法的好處Explain&communicateeffectively解釋并有效溝通Involveallconcernedtoovercomeresistance 涉及所有有關(guān)的，克服阻力。ImplementationPlan實(shí)施計(jì)劃:Prep46ImplementationPlan實(shí)施計(jì)劃-Execution執(zhí)行Setgoals&deadlines 設(shè)立目標(biāo)及最終期限Establishwhowilldowhat,when&how確定誰(shuí)做什么，何時(shí)，怎樣做Motivatemembers 激勵(lì)成員Havecontingencyplans 有預(yù)防突發(fā)事件的計(jì)劃ImplementationPlan實(shí)施計(jì)劃-Exec47ImplementationPlan實(shí)施計(jì)劃-Verification驗(yàn)證Haveobjectivesbeenachieved?已經(jīng)達(dá)到目標(biāo)了嗎？Hastheproblembeensolvedtotally? 問(wèn)題完全解決了嗎？ImplementationPlan實(shí)施計(jì)劃-Ver48FishboneDiagram魚(yú)骨分析法Problem(s)問(wèn)題Brainstorming集思廣益Why-Why為什么-為什么Implementation實(shí)施ForceField/How-How力量分析法怎樣-怎樣分析SolutionScreening解決辦法篩選CreativeProblemSolving

創(chuàng)造性解決問(wèn)題FishboneProblem(s)Brainstormin49ExpandingtheBoundariesoftheTermMeasuringCup4.Anycontainerwithaknownvolumethatwouldholdliquid.3.Anycontainerwithvolumemarkingsthatwouldholdliquid.2.Anytypeofmeasuringcup-glass,plastic,ormetal.1.Clearglasspitcherwithredmarkings.ExpandingtheBoundariesofth50SupplementalBrainstormingProceduresKeeptheproblem