高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題：(浙江)定語從句課件

重溫高考內(nèi)容索引專題精析考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)定語從句重溫高考內(nèi)容索引專題精析考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)定語從句重溫高考重溫高考2單句語法填空I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析

先行詞為指物的mountaintopsanddarkwaters，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，因此答案為that/which?？枷?關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句答案解析that/which單句語法填空考向1關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句答案解析th考向2

“介詞＋whom/which”或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句12單句語法填空1.Whenharvestcamearound，hewasalreadysellingherbs，vegetablesandcottoninthemarket

peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.(2015·廣東)解析

根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷，在這里應(yīng)填關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞themarket，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。答案解析where考向2“介詞＋whom/which”或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性2.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto

hewastryingtotalk，butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme，lookingannoyed.(2011·廣東)解析

此處是一個(gè)定語從句，缺少關(guān)系代詞，因?yàn)橄刃性~為otherpeople，指的是人，而且與介詞to連用，所以填whom。答案解析whom122.Behindhimwereotherpeople考向3關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句單句語法填空1.Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，

isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017·全國Ⅰ)解析

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語，且指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，故填關(guān)系代詞which。答案解析which123456考向3關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句單句語法填空2.ButSarah，

hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國Ⅲ)解析

引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語，且指人，故用who。答案解析who1234562.ButSarah，hastaken3.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden，

itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.(2017·浙江)解析

考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所在的句子是非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞thegarden，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。答案解析where1234563.Pahlssonandherhusbandnow4.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid--1980s，

IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全國Ⅰ)解析

先行詞是表示時(shí)間的themid--1980s，且從句中缺少狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞when。答案解析when1234564.Butmyconnectionwithpanda5.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，

livedfromroughly551to479B.C.，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全國Ⅲ)解析

所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞指人，且在從句中作主語，故填who。答案解析who1234565.Somepeoplethinkthattheg6.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim，theyhadtolookatMary，

madeherfeellikeastar.(2012·廣東)解析

由逗號(hào)可知此處是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個(gè)句子所表述的內(nèi)容，故用which引導(dǎo)。答案解析which1234566.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturn專題精析專題精析◆定語從句的句法功能及相關(guān)定義1.功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。2.位置：定語從句常置于被修飾詞之后；as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands，please.Asisknowntousall，theearthisspinningaroundthesun.◆定語從句的句法功能及相關(guān)定義3.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some--，any--，every--，no--與--body，-thing的合成詞或all，none，any，some，that，those等代詞。數(shù)詞和人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。4.關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why等。3.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞?！舳ㄕZ從句的核心考點(diǎn)1.確定關(guān)系詞的步驟：(1)先找先行詞，看先行詞指的是什么。(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。注意：先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。(1)先行詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(2)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。TherearemanyplaceswecanvisitinChina.(visit后面不能再加manyplaces/them)◆定語從句的核心考點(diǎn)2.在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞用that而不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。(2)先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，few等修飾時(shí)。(3)先行詞為all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代詞時(shí)。2.在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞用that(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.(5)先行詞在主句中作表語時(shí)。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.(6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。3.用which而不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從句中。(2)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。(4)關(guān)系詞后有插入語時(shí)。3.用which而不用that的情況：4.關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，根據(jù)不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。(1)當(dāng)主句是therebe句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。(2)先行詞是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。5.whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。DoyouknowMrSmithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom，whosewindowfacestheriver.4.關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，根據(jù)不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)6.關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。(1)先行詞被such和thesame修飾，或句型asmany(much)中，從句都用as引導(dǎo)。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.注意：①such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。如：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame...as...和thesame...that...都可引導(dǎo)定語從句，前者表示“與……同樣的(但不是同一個(gè))”；后者表示“同一個(gè)，就是那個(gè)”如：ThisisthesamepenasIlostlastweek.這同我上周丟失的那支鋼筆一樣。(但不是同一支)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostlastweek.這就是我上周丟的那支鋼筆。6.關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。(2)先行詞為句子，定語從句用as或which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：①意義上：as含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上：as從句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句只能放在主句之后。Hedidn’tpasstheexam，aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow，whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown，theearthisround.(2)先行詞為句子，定語從句用as或which引導(dǎo)。7.關(guān)系副詞when，where，whywhen指時(shí)間＝in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地點(diǎn)＝in/at/fromwhichwhy指原因＝forwhich注意：that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞之后，取代when，where，why和“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾的先行詞常為theway，thetime，theday，theplace等，在口語中that常被省略。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.Theday(that/when/onwhich)shearrivedwasThursday.7.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why8.必須注意的問題：(1)關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的數(shù)。(2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分；②強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it無意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞；③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定語從句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)8.必須注意的問題：(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。①定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語，有時(shí)可省略。②同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被叫作連接詞，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定語從句)Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位語從句)(4)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中省略的情況。①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)；②關(guān)系詞作表語。(5)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。(6)幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one為先行詞)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students為先行詞)②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow，fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain，inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.(6)幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.AccordingtoDr.LanceWorkman，thesepeoplemaydevelopatemporarymoralcodeintheirminds

justifiestheiractions：therearerichpeoplewhohavethingsIdon’thavesoit’srightthatItakeit.2.Thisistheveryfactory

theyvisitedlastsummerholiday.3.Whenfacinghardships，onlythose

areconfidentwillachievesuccess.4.Thatevening，

Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater，Iendedupworkingverylate.which/thatthatwhowhichⅠ.單句語法填空which/thatthatwhowhich5.IwishtothankProfessorSmith，without

helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.6.Aftertheflooding，peopleweresufferinginthatarea，

urgentlyneededcleanwater，medicineandsheltertosurvive.7.Weliveinanage

moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.8.Thenextday，mybrotherandIwenttothebeach

wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.whosewhowhenwhere5.IwishtothankProfessorSm9.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks，nearlyhalfof

werepublishedinthe1990s.10.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth

wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.whichwhich/that9.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooⅡ.語法填空(定語從句專練)Yangshuo，ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenIarrivedinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhoursbefore，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,1.

Ibreatheditschokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,2.

isadreamplacefortourists3.________seekthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4._________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.Instead，I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.Forthose5.

flytoGuilin，it’sonlyanhourawaybycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.wherewhichwho/thatthat/whichwhoⅡ.語法填空(定語從句專練)wherewhichwho/thYangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers6.

wasconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinations7.

arefamousintheworld.Andthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleandtheirfamilies8.

areinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,9.

isatravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10.

liveinShanghaiandHongKong.that/whichthat/whichthat/whowhichwho/thatYangshuoisreallybeautiful.A(一)定語從句意識(shí)缺失1.關(guān)系代詞被普通代詞取代(誤)Ihavemanycollectionsofstamps，someofthemaremyfavorite.(正)Ihavemanycollectionsofstamps，someofwhicharemyfavorite.2.關(guān)系代詞遺漏(誤)Thelastoneleavestheclassroompleaseclosethewindows.