雅思小作文圖表寫作技巧課件

小作文各圖寫作技巧1A小作文各圖寫作技巧1A派圖介紹單派雙派多派2A派圖介紹單派2A派圖的寫作技巧圖中找類別按類分段3A派圖的寫作技巧圖中找類別3A派圖的重難點(diǎn)◎如何準(zhǔn)確把握?qǐng)D中的信息◎如何正確轉(zhuǎn)述圖中的信息◎如何靈活運(yùn)用詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句型，避免用詞單一、句式表達(dá)雷同◎如何精煉語(yǔ)言，避免贅述、啰嗦，避免給評(píng)卷人套模板的印象4A派圖的重難點(diǎn)◎如何準(zhǔn)確把握?qǐng)D中的信息4A2.13派圖詞匯基礎(chǔ)之占據(jù)RepresentOccupyStandforAccountfor5A2.13派圖詞匯基礎(chǔ)之占據(jù)Represent5A2.16派圖的常用句型◎“占”：accountfor,hold,makeup,takeup,constitute,comprise,represent...◎百分比：percentage，proportion,share...◎“約”：themajorityof,mostof,aconsiderablenumberof,aminorityof,justover…,slightlymorethan…/lessthan…,nearlyhalf…◎確切數(shù)字(1)分?jǐn)?shù)與百分比的轉(zhuǎn)化：onethird,twofifths(2)常見(jiàn)表達(dá)：aquarter,ahalf...6A2.16派圖的常用句型◎“占”：accountfor,Eg1:整體+局部ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationgiveninthepiechartsbelow.7AEg1:整體+局部Thefollowingtwopi8A8AP1ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.ThetwographsdescribethedataoftheenergyuseandtheresidentialenergyuseindetailintheUnitedStates.9AP1ThefollowingtwopiechartsP2Itcanbeseenfromthefirstpiechartthattheenergyisusedforfourpurposes.Specifically,industryaccountsforthelargestproportion(41%)oftheusedenergywhiledemandoftransportationmakesup26%ofthetotalneedofenergy.Residentialandcommercialrepresent19%and14%respectively.10AP2ItcanbeseenfromthefirsP3Accordingtothesecondpiechart,itclearlyshowsthatheatingandairconditioningaccountforthelargestproportion(62%)intheresidentialenergyusewhilethesmallappliancesmakesuptheleastproportion(10%).Theheatingwaterandmiscellaneous(includingcooking)constitutes15%and13%respectively.11AP3AccordingtothesecondpieP4Fromthechart,wemayhaveabasicunderstandingofthesituationofenergyuseintheUnitedStates.12AP4Fromthechart,wemayhave線圖審圖技巧趨勢(shì)描述速度描述極點(diǎn)交點(diǎn)起點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)的描述線圖的寫作技巧趨勢(shì)描述多樣化線圖解析13A線圖審圖技巧趨勢(shì)描述線圖的寫作技巧趨勢(shì)描述多樣化線圖解析1線圖的重難點(diǎn)交點(diǎn)難掌控圖內(nèi)對(duì)比看不出14A線圖的重難點(diǎn)14A線圖的常用句型先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平穩(wěn)對(duì)峰值和低谷的描述趨勢(shì)相同描述對(duì)未來(lái)的表述對(duì)波動(dòng)的描述

15A線圖的常用句型先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平穩(wěn)1.Accordingtothedata,theyearsfrom…to…saw/witnessarise/climb/dropinthenumber/rate/percentage/proportionof對(duì)象from數(shù)據(jù)to數(shù)據(jù)，whichwasfollowedbyarapiddecrease/reduce/increaseoverthe...years16A先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平穩(wěn)1.Accor2.Thenumber/rate…dropped/wentupagain

from…inXXXyearto…inXXXyearandthenwentup/climbedgraduallyuntilXXXyear,whentherewasalevelingoff/levelingoutat數(shù)據(jù)for一段時(shí)間17A2.Thenumber/rate…dropped/wen1.AlsoitcanbenoticedthatinXXXyear,thenumber/percentage…reachedthebottom.However/onthecontrary,XXXyear

sawthepeakduringthisperiod.2.……時(shí)間點(diǎn)，whenthenumber/percentage

reached(amountedto)toapeakof…/ahighpointat…3.……時(shí)間點(diǎn),whenthenumber/percentage

bottomedout(at…)對(duì)峰值和低谷的描述

18A1.AlsoitcanbenoticedthatTheproportion/numberof對(duì)象inthexxandxxaresimilarandfollowthesametrend.InXXthefigureswerexx%andxx%respectively,risingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX,afterdippingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX.Thereafter...趨勢(shì)相同描述19ATheproportion/numberof對(duì)象in對(duì)未來(lái)的表述…isprojectedto……asto…isexpectedto……asfor…isforecastedto………isestimatedto…20A對(duì)未來(lái)的表述…isprojectedto……asto對(duì)波動(dòng)的描述ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationof………fluctuateddramaticallybetweenxx%andxx%during…period.21A對(duì)波動(dòng)的描述ascanbeseenfromthe柱圖審圖技巧◎關(guān)鍵是“比較”&“對(duì)比”——找出similarity&difference既要橫向總結(jié)所有柱狀圖的共性特征，又要分別描寫各個(gè)柱形的個(gè)性特征22A柱圖審圖技巧◎關(guān)鍵是“比較”&“對(duì)比”22A柱圖的寫作技巧◎單柱如果是以時(shí)間為橫軸的話，就寫一下趨勢(shì)如果是以組為橫軸，則直接寫。

◎多柱如果數(shù)據(jù)比較多，就取幾個(gè)最大或者最小的就行，也就是說(shuō)在比較的過(guò)程中想要拿到想要的結(jié)果就要找對(duì)比鮮明的那一對(duì)。把對(duì)比最鮮明的幾個(gè)柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一帶而過(guò)。23A柱圖的寫作技巧◎單柱23A柱形圖的常用句型Thebarchartillustratesthat...Accordingtothebarchart,...Fromthebarchart,wecanseeclearlythat...Itisclear/apparentfromthechartthat...Thebarchartdepicts描述(that)....thebarchartleadsustotheconclusion結(jié)論that...24A柱形圖的常用句型ThebarchartillustraThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.25AThegraphbelowshowsthediffP1ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and2000.題目Thebargraphshowsthechangingpatterns

incommutingbytrain,car,tubeorbusforcommutersinoneEuropeancityintheyears1960,1980and2000.26AP1ThegraphbelowshowsthediP2Thenumberofpeopleusingtrainsatfirstrose

fromjustunder20%in1960

toabout26%in1980,butthenfellbacktoabout23%in

2000.27AP2ThenumberofpeopleusingtP3Useofthetubewasrelativelystable,

falling

fromaround27%ofcommutersin1960

to22%in1980,butclimbingbackto

reach25%by2000.28AP3UseofthetubewasrelativeP4Ontheotherhand,theuseofcarsincreasedsteadily

fromjustover5%in1960to23%in1980,reachingalmost40%by2000,whereasthepopularityofbuseshasdeclinedsince1960,fallingfromjustunder35%in1960

to27%

in1980andonly15%in2000.29AP4Ontheotherhand,theuseoP5Thegraphindicatesthegrowinguseofcarsforcommutingtoworkbetween1960-2000,andthecontinueddeclineinthepopularityofbusesfrombeingthemostpopularmodeoftransportin1960totheleastpopularin2000.30AP5Thegraphindicatesthegrow表格圖審圖技巧1.有時(shí)間因素表格：按照時(shí)間順序，轉(zhuǎn)化為更為明了的線圖2.有地域因素表格：注意橫向比較，并根據(jù)數(shù)值大小對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類，再抽取較大或較小的典型值進(jìn)行說(shuō)明3.包含其他因素的表格：分別觀察各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在圖表中呈現(xiàn)的特征，然后分別說(shuō)明31A表格圖審圖技巧1.有時(shí)間因素表格：31A表格圖的寫作技巧1.快速瀏覽題目中的文字信息，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注研究對(duì)象、數(shù)據(jù)類型和時(shí)間，明確在主體段的寫作中要注意數(shù)據(jù)類型的變化和時(shí)態(tài)一致問(wèn)題2.看題目中的表格圖形，看圖形時(shí)也要先看文字說(shuō)明，包括標(biāo)題、標(biāo)注和單位，弄懂?dāng)?shù)據(jù)所代表的信息，而非數(shù)據(jù)本身篩選信息，圈定關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)整理寫作順序32A表格圖的寫作技巧1.快速瀏覽題目中的文字信息，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注研表格圖的重難點(diǎn)1.數(shù)據(jù)繁多而且凌亂，找不出很明顯的特征2.如何用適當(dāng)?shù)捻樞?、結(jié)構(gòu)和銜接方式把表格中體現(xiàn)的特征條理清晰地傳達(dá)出來(lái)3.寫的時(shí)候如何不遺漏信息33A表格圖的重難點(diǎn)1.數(shù)據(jù)繁多而且凌亂，找不出很明顯的特征3334A34AP1Thetabledemonstratesthedataregardingthesubwaysysteminsixcities,includingdateopened,kilometersofrouteandpassengersperyear(inmillions)35AP1ThetabledemonstratesthedP2Intermsofdateopened,Londonhasthemosttime-honored(1863)subwaysystemamongthesixcitieswhilesubwaysysteminLosAngelesisthenewestoneopenedin2001.（最老，最新）SystemsinParisandTokyoareopenedin1900and1927,respectively.時(shí)間順序Afterthat,systemsinWashingtonDCandKyotoareopenedin1976and1981differently.36AP2Intermsofdateopened,LonAsforthesizeoftherailwaysystem,Londonstillranksthefirst,meaningithasthelongestsubwaysystem(384kilometers)amongthesixcities,whichisroughlytwiceaslargeasthesysteminParis.（最長(zhǎng)）Bycontrast,subwaysysteminKyotoisshorter(11kilometers)thantheotherseventhoughitopenedinrelativelyrecentyear.（最短）ThekilometersofrouteinTokyo,WashingtonDCandLosAngelesare155,126and28differently.37AAsforthesizeoftherailwayThethirdpartispassengersperyearinmillions.Moreexactly,thetopthreeareTokyo(1927),Paris(1191)andLondon(775).UndergroundrailwaysysteminWashingtonDC’shas144millionspassengersperyear.SystemsinLosAngeles’sandKyoto’scarryfewerpassengersperyear(50and45,respectively).38AThethirdpartispassengerspThus,itcanbeclearlyseenfromthetablethatthesubwaysystemsinTokyoandParisservesformorepassengers

whereasthesystemsinLosAngelesandKyotocarryfewerpassengersmainlybecauseoftheshortroute.39AThus,itcanbeclearlyseenf對(duì)于不同時(shí)間同一事物的比較先相減/相加，后分組哪些是增加，哪些是減少幅度大的與幅度小的分組40A對(duì)于不同時(shí)間同一事物的比較先相減/相加，后分組40AThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutchangesinmodesoftravelinEnglandbetween1985and2000.劍6P5241AThetablebelowgivesinformat增加的Car,Longdistancebus,Train,Taxi幅度大的Car+1607減少的Walking,Bicycle,Localbus幅度大的Localbus-15542A增加的Car,Longdistancebus,TP1ThetabledemonstrateshowdifferentmodesoftravelchangedinEnglandin15yearsspanningfrom1985to2000.Ingeneral,themodesareclassifiedintotwokinds

intermsofaveragemilestravelledperpersonperyear:oneenjoyedrisingpopularitywhiletheotherdecreasing.43AP1ThetabledemonstrateshowdP2Thetravelmodeswhichgainedpopularityintheperiodincludedcars,longdistancebuses,trains,taxisandothers.Carsremainedtopamongthemodesinthe15years,withitsaveragemilesincreasingconsiderably

from3,199in1985

to4,806in2000.Longdistancebusesandtaxisseemedtobewarmlywelcomedbytravelers,soaveragemilestravelledinthetwomodesalmosttripled44AP2ThetravelmodeswhichgaineP3Travelsbywalking,bicyclesandlocalbuseslosttravelers’favorintheoneandahalfdecade.Averagetravellingdistancebylocalbusessufferedthebiggestdecrease,dropping

from429to274,whilethenumberofmilesbywalkingandbikesfellmildly

from255to237

andfrom51to41

respectively.45AP3Travelsbywalking,bicyclesP4Overall,thenumberofmilestravelledbytheaverageperpersonrose

from4,740milesin1985to6,475milesin2000,withtheincreaseofcarsaccountingforalmostallofthatincrease.46AP4Overall,thenumberofmiles流程圖審圖技巧流程圖的本質(zhì)其實(shí)就是要求考生將圖中出現(xiàn)的文字信息用連貫的語(yǔ)言串起來(lái)，不需要過(guò)多地發(fā)揮。

47A流程圖審圖技巧流程圖的本質(zhì)其實(shí)就是要求考生將圖中出現(xiàn)的文字信流程圖的寫作技巧1.時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)單一，主要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2.經(jīng)常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，顯得比較客觀和正式3.找出流程圖的始末點(diǎn)，并劃分中間的步驟或階段4.掌握表示“順序”的連接詞(SequencingWords)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明過(guò)程的各個(gè)步驟和先后順序5.對(duì)于題目里出現(xiàn)的專業(yè)詞匯或生詞，不認(rèn)識(shí)也沒(méi)關(guān)系，只需照抄即可48A流程圖的寫作技巧1.時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)單一，主要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)48A流程圖的重難點(diǎn)1.語(yǔ)言組織2.邏輯順序3.是否如實(shí)反應(yīng)圖中的信息49A流程圖的重難點(diǎn)1.語(yǔ)言組織49A流程圖的常用單詞過(guò)程：process、procedure階段/步驟：stage、step連接詞：1.第一步：atfirst、tobeginwith、inthefirststage2.下一步：then、next、thesecondstage3.最后：finally、lastly、thefinalstage4.平行步驟：meanwhile、atthesametime50A流程圖的常用單詞過(guò)程：process、procedure50流程圖的常用句型◎Thefollowingdiagraphshowsthestructureof……◎Thepictureillustrates……◎Itmainlyconsistsof……

◎Itworksasfollows:◎Itusuallyinvolvesfollowingsteps:◎Thewholeprocedurecanbedividedinto…stages.51A流程圖的常用句型◎ThefollowingdiagraFirstStagesTheprocessstartsfrom…Theprocessbeginswith….Intermsof….,thefirststageisthat….Atthebeginningofthecycle,

Thebeginningofthewholecycleismarkedby52AFirstStagesTheprocessstartsStagesAtthispoint;then;inthenextstep;afterthat;afterwardsThesecondstageis……Thenextstepintheprocessis……53AStagesAtthispoint;then;inEndStagesInthefinalstageThefinalprocedure/stepofthisprocessis…Thismarkstheendoftheprocessandthebeginningofanewone…isthelaststepintheprocedure.54AEndStagesInthefinalstage54LastingtimeThestagelastsfor30minutesuntil…Afteraperiodof30minutes,…Ittakes10daysforXto…AfteraperiodofBefore…,ittakes30minutesto…30minuteshavetobespentonthisprocessbefore…55ALastingtimeThestagelastsfo劍6P7556A劍6P7556A57A57AP1Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.58AP1ThefirstdiagramshowsthatP2Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage59AP2ThecocoonsaretherawmateP3Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.60AP3Overall,thediagramsshowtThemapindicatetherecyclingprocessofglassbottles61AThemapindicatetherecyclingP1Thisdiagramillustratestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.Thewholeprocessisacyclewhichcanbedividedintothreemainstages.62AP1ThisdiagramillustratestheP2Inthefirststage,usedbottlesarecollectedatarecyclingpointandtransportedbyatruck.Thesecondstagestartsinacleaningplant,wheretheserecycledbottlesaresortedbycolorintogreen,brownandclearonesandwashedbyhigh-pressurisedwater.Whenthecleaningisdone,thebottlesareconveyedtoaglassfactorywheretheyarecutintoglasspieceswhicharethenpouredintoafurnace.3063AP2Inthefirststage,usedbotP3Afterbeingheatedinthefurnace,thebrokenglassesaremeltedintoliquid,whichflowsintoaglassmold.Inthefinalstage,new,emptybottlesarefilledwithliquid,thenpackedanddespatchedtothesupermarketandpickedbyconsumers.Atthispoint,acyclehasbeencompletedandanewcyclewillbegin.64AP3Afterbeingheatedinthefu地圖審圖技巧注意結(jié)合地圖中體現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)信息，進(jìn)行相互比較與對(duì)比，并體現(xiàn)對(duì)比結(jié)果。65A地圖審圖技巧注意結(jié)合地圖中體現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)信息，進(jìn)行相互比較與對(duì)比地圖的寫作技巧注意“變化”（1）圖形原有事物的改變（2）圖形新添事物66A地圖的寫作技巧注意“變化”66A地圖的重難點(diǎn)1.時(shí)態(tài)：通常為一般過(guò)去時(shí)2.細(xì)節(jié)變化：地圖每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)變化都要提到，不能忽略3.語(yǔ)態(tài)：通常為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)4.書(shū)寫順序：時(shí)間順序&空間順序67A地圖的重難點(diǎn)1.時(shí)態(tài)：通常為一般過(guò)去時(shí)67A地圖的常用單詞方位：intheeast/west/south/northof…;intheeastern/western/southernnorthernpartof…

建設(shè)：build,construct（一般建筑物），erect豎立（高大的建筑物），establish/setup（無(wú)建筑的物體或抽象的機(jī)構(gòu)），pave（道路的修建）68A地圖的常用單詞方位：intheeast/west/s地圖的常用句型◎Itisobvious/notable/noticeablethat...◎Itiseasytolocate/tofindthat…◎Itcanbeseenfromthegraphthat…◎Aislocated/situated/sitedin/on/totheeastofB.◎Aisincenter/middle/centralareaofB◎Aisnear/nextto/closeto/adjacenttoB.◎AisontheoppositesideofB.69A地圖的常用句型◎Itisobvious/notableLocationAlies……ShanghailiesintheeastofChinaJapanliestotheeastofChinaMongolialiesonthenorthsideofChinaAislocated……Aisnextto/near/closetoBAisattheeast/west/north/southofBAisrightacrossfromBTheroadrunsfrom…to…70ALocationAlies……70ADrawbyyourselfTheplaygroundisroughlyinthemiddleoftheresidentialzone.ThebankisintheNorthwestcorneroftheresidentialzone.Housesareatthebottomoftheresidentialzone.Themotorcyclistisoutsidetheresidentialzone.Thebarber’sisoppositetothebankThesupermarketishalfwaybetweenthebankandthebarber’s.Thesupermarketisdirectlyoppositetothestop.Alocalbusistotherightofthestation71ADrawbyyourselfTheplaygroun劍5P75ThemapbelowisofthetownofGarlsdon.Anewsupermarket(S)isplannedforthetown.Themapshowstwopossiblesitesforsupermarket.選址型72A劍5P75ThemapbelowisofthetnorthwestcountrysideFewercustomerLowrentTrain,buscentredowntownCBD,residential,industryshoppersrenttrafficSatellitecities73AnorthwestcountrysideFewercustP1ThemapshowstwoproposedlocationsforanewsupermarketforthetownofGarlsdon74AP1ThemapshowstwoproposedlP2Thefirstpotentiallocation(S1)isoutsidethetownitself,andislocateddjustoffthemainroadtothetownofHindon,lying12kmstothenorth-west.Thissiteisinthecountrysideandsoitwouldbeabletoaccommodatealotofcarparking,whichmakesitaccessibletoshoppersfrombothHindonandGarlsdonwhocouldtravelbycar.75AP2ThefirstpotentiallocatioP2AsitisalsoclosetotherailwaylinelinkingthetwotownstoCransdon(25kmtothesouth-east),apotentiallylargenumberofshopperswouldalsobeabletotravelbytrain.Generallyspeaking,therentisrelativelylowerincountryside,soitwillsavesomeexpending.76AP2AsitisalsoclosetotherP3Incontrast,thesuggestedlocation,S2,isrightinthetowncentre,whichwouldbegoodforlocalresidents.Theoricallythestorecouldbeaccessedbyroadorrailfromthesurroundingtowns,butasthecentralareaisano-trafficzone,carswouldbeunabletoparkandaccesswouldbedifficult.77AP3Incontrast,thesuggestedP4Overall,neithersiteisappropriateforallthetowns,buttheout-of-townsite(S1)wouldprobablyoffermoreadvantagesandmorereasonable.78AP4Overall,neithersiteisappChorleywoodisavillagenearLondonwhosepopulationhasincreasedsteadilysincethemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Themapbelowshowsthedevelopmentofthe