高級英語第一冊-Unit10-The-trial課件

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13TheTrialthatRockedtheWorld18September2013By:MaQiao*of13TheTrialthatRocked1TheScopesTrialThefirstday…OnJuly10,peoplehadtakenonacircusatmosphere.Thefirstday…Whatcanyoutellfromtheatmosphere?TheScopesTrialThefirstday…2ConflictScienceReligionDarwinismBibleConflictScienceReligionDarwini3JudgesoftheMonkeyTrialTheScopesTrialThefirstday…Thefirstday…JudgesoftheMonkeyTrialThe4Thelocalministertoopenthesessionwithprayer.Thelocalministertoopenthe5Darrowgotuptomakehisopeningstatement.Darrowgotuptomakehisopen6Byran

Byranrosetoaddressthejury.TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.ByranByranrosetoaddressth7MaloneMalonepoppeduptoreply.Thereisneveraduelwiththetruth.MaloneMalonepoppeduptorep8TheseconddayByran

MaloneBurstintoapplauseandshoutof“Amen”BreakintoastormofapplauseTheseconddayByranMaloneBur9DARWINISRIGHT——INSIDEOutsidethecourtwhileadjourningOneshopannounced:Displayanape.DARWINISRIGHT——INSIDEOutsid10TheclimaxandverdictofthetrialTrumpcardTrumpcardByran

TrumpcardDarrowcalledByranasawitness.RIDICULOUS

Theclimaxandverdictofthe11Result：Thejurymen’sverdict:guiltThejudge’ssentence:$100andcosts

Result：12debatesDefenselawyerTheprosecutorspectatorsThefirstday(12-15)preliminarysparringoverlegalities;whatJohnScopesisherefor?Para.15Thesecondday(16-43)1.TheprosecutionbegancallingwitnessesagainstScopes.2.DarrowcalledBryanasawitnessforScopes.

VICTORYPara.20(L.105)Para.22(L.113)Para.25(L.131)Para.35(L.173)Para.39(L.182)Thethirdday(44-45)1.Thejurygavetheirverdict.2.Theverdictwasguilty.Para.45(L.199)VICTORYdebatesDefenselawyerThepros13StructureofthetextPartI(1-9)IntroductionPartII(10-44)TheTrialPartIII(45-48)ThePost-TrialHappeningsStructureofthetextPartI(1-14PartI(1-9)IntroductionPp(1-2)OpeningScenePp(3-9)FlashbackPartI(1-9)IntroductionPp(1-215PartII.Paras10-44:thetrial

Paras10-15:thefirstdayofthetrial

Paras16-25:theseconddayofthetrialParas26-28:outsidethecourtwhileadjourning

Paras29-44:theclimaxandverdictofthetrialPartII.Paras10-15:Paras16FigureofSpeech

Hyperbole

exaggeratedstatementthatismadeforspecialeffectandisnotmeanttobetakenliterally.

（用于達到某種特殊效果的夸大陳述，且不能按照字面意義解釋。）

Thetrailthatrockedthe

world（Title）

夸張01FigureofSpeechHyperbole17移就

Transferred

epithetTransferredepithetisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromnounitshouldrightlymodifytoanothertowhichitdoesnotreallybelong.將本應該用來修飾某一類名詞的修飾語用來修飾另一類名詞

移就TransferredepithetTransfer18Transferred

epithet“Don’tworry,son,we’llshowthemafewtricks.”Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.(Para.2)02就在我們靜候著法庭開審的時候，達羅關(guān)切地摟住我的肩膀低聲安慰道：“別擔心，孩子，我們會給他們點厲害瞧瞧?！狈g移就Transferredepithet“Don’tworr19Classification

Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.reassuring屬于描寫人的表述詞語，移來描寫人體的一部分，說明某種行為動作，使之帶上人的情感。

Darrowwalkedslowlyroundthebakingcourt(Para.14)

達羅繞著那氣氛緊張、異常悶熱的法庭踱著步。

baking本來是指烤面包，所以作者在此移來說明另一具體事物court，描述法庭在審理這場震驚世界的審判時緊張而悶熱的氣氛。

adj.+sb.

——adj.+sth.adj.+something-adj.+anotherthing

adj.+sth.——adj.+sb.

He

is

not

an

easy

writer.

他是一個作品很難讀懂的作家。easy本來用于說明事物,即修飾作品而不是作家,作者在此移用來修飾人writer,aneasywriter等于awriterwhoseworksareeasytoread作品易懂的作家。ClassificationDarrowhadwhi20Oxymoron03Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoiningoftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruoustermsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaosandproudhumility.

兩個互相矛盾，互不調(diào)和的詞放在同一個短語中，產(chǎn)生特殊的深刻含義的一種修辭手段。DudleyFieldMaloncalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat”(Para.45)定義矛盾修飾體Oxymoron03Itisacompressedp21Oxymoron

adj.+n.proudhumility驕傲的謙卑

presentparticiple→adj.speakingsilence千言萬語的沉默

pastparticiple→adj.long-liveddeath永生的死亡

adj.+adj.bitter-sweetmemories苦甜參半的回憶poorrichguys貧窮的富人coldpleasantmanner冷淡熱情的態(tài)度badgoodnews壞的好消息

adv.+adj.awiselystupididea自作聰明的傻主意amercifullyfatalblow仁慈的致命打擊Falselytruewords.虛偽誠實的話

adj.+n.proudhumility驕傲的謙卑

presentparticiple→adj.speakingsilence千言萬語的沉默

pastparticiple→adj.long-liveddeath永生的死亡Oxymoronadj.+n.22Antithesis

TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.(Para.20)基督徒相信人來自天上，進化論者則認為人一定是來自地下。04對照AntithesisTheChristianbel23Pun

Oneshopannounced:DARWINISRIGHT—INSIDE.(Para.26)有家商店的招牌上寫道：達爾文：沒錯——就在里面。05

句中Darwin既為此店老板的名字，又是科學家達爾文的名字。right既有“一直、正好”，也有“正確的”含義，故此句的字面意思是:“達爾文服裝店”，但此句也可理解為“達爾文學說是正確的”。雙關(guān)語PunOneshopannounced:24ExampleJudge:Order!Order!Orderinthecourt!

Prisoner：I’lltakeahamsandwich（火腿三明治）onryewith

beer.

這是一則幽默笑話，作者利用order一詞的雙關(guān)，它既有秩序、肅靜之意，又可作“點菜”之解來制造幽默，法官在法庭上說order，是要犯人安靜，而犯人利用order也可作動詞“點菜”的意思，故意搗亂，令人捧腹大笑，幽默感油然而生。

富蘭克林（BenjaminFranklin）有這樣一句名言:

Wemustallhangtogether，orweshallhangseparately.

這里hang一詞具有“團結(jié)”和“吊死”的意思。富蘭克林用這樣精練的一句話告誡人們團結(jié)的重要性——如果不團結(jié)在一起，就可能會被一個個吊死。

ExampleJudge:Order!Or25Irony06Afterawhile,itisthesettingofmanagainstmanandcreedagainstcreeduntilwear