加拿大政治篇課件

TheGovernmentandPoliticsofCanadaTheGovernmentandPoliticsof1ThreePartsCanadianPoliticalSystemPoliticalPartiesCanadianPrimeMinistersThreePartsCanadianPolitical2Introduction：Canadaisaconstitutionalmonarchywithafederalsystemofparliamentarygovernmentandstrongdemocratictraditions.ItspoliticalsystemunderwhichmodernCanadaoperatesisknownastheWestminstersystem.(威斯敏斯特系統(tǒng)）SinceCanada’spoliticalstructureismodeledafterthoseofBritainandtheUnitedStates,itcanbedescribedasbothafederationliketheUSandaconstitutionalmonarchylikeBritain.Introduction：Canadaisaconst3文本文本TheCanadiangovernmentconsistsofthreepartsTheLegislature

TheExecutive

TheJudiciary文本文本TheCanadiangovernmentco4TheLegislature

TheParliamentofCanada:theHouseofCommonsandtheSenate.●TheHouseofCommons：Eachmemberchosenbyamajorityofeligiblevotersineachofthecountry'sfederalelectoraldistricts,orridings,viaapluralityvotingsystem.Torunforoneofthe308seatsintheHouseofCommons,anindividualmustbeatleast18yearsold,andonaverage,membersoftheHouseofCommonsareelectedforamaximumoffive-yearterm.●TheSenate：Itisagroupof105individualsappointedbythegovernorgeneralontheadviceoftheprimeminister;allthosesummonedtotheSenatebytheviceroymustbeaminimumof30yearsold,andownpropertywithanetworthofatleast$4,000,inadditiontoowninglandworthnolessthan$4,000withintheprovinceheorsheistorepresent.ItsmainfunctionistoacceptorrejectthesuggestionoftheHouseofCommons..TheLegislatureTheParliament5TheExecutive

TheGovernorGeneral(總督）holdsthehighestpositionandistheoreticallythesourceofexecutivepower.Inpractice,however,theGovernorGeneralisonlythesymbolicexecutivewhocanactonlyontheadviceoftheCanadianPrimeMinisterandtheCabinet.●ThePrimeMinisterisoftentheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament,andselectstheministerswhomakeuptheCabinet,theyexerciseexecutivepowerasthe“Government”,andareresponsibleonlytotheHouseofCommons.總督總理+內(nèi)閣加拿大是英聯(lián)邦國家之一，英國女王是名義上的國家領(lǐng)袖，加拿大總督是名義領(lǐng)袖的代表，他由英國女王任命?，F(xiàn)在，加拿大總督全是加拿大人。加拿大總督的職責包括：召集或解散議會，主持總理、最高大法官、內(nèi)閣和樞密院的就職儀式，統(tǒng)帥三軍。實際上加拿大總督的權(quán)力受到憲法很大的限制，根據(jù)加拿大憲法，加拿大總督召集或解散議會必須在總理的提議下進行，其職責的履行必須遵循各有關(guān)部長的建議。TheExecutiveTheGovernorGen6加拿大第28任總督DavidLoydJohnston，是滑鐵盧大學(UniversityofWaterloo)校長、加拿大著名法律專家和知名律師。加拿大第28任總督DavidLoydJohnston，是7阿德里安娜·克拉克森(伍冰枝）阿德里安娜·克拉克森(伍冰枝）8MichaelleJeanMichaelleJean9TheJudiciary

ThecourtsinCanadaareorganizedinfour-levelstructure.Level1:TheSupremeCourt.●ItservesasthefinalcourtofappealsinCanada.●Ithearsbothcivilandcriminalappealsfromdecisionofthecourtsofappealsinalltheprovincesandterritories.●ItplaysaspecialroleasadvisertothefederalgovernmentonquestionsconcerningtheConstitutionandcontroversialcomplicatedareasofprivateandpubliclaw.Level2:TheFederalCourtofAppealandthevariousprovincialcourtsofappeals.聯(lián)邦上訴法院和各級上訴法院Level3:TheFederalCourt,TheTaxCourtofCanada,Theprovincialandtheterritorialsuperiorcourtsofgeneraljurisdiction.Level4:Provincialcourts.TheJudiciaryThecourtsinCa10PoliticalPartiesTheLiberalPartyTheConservati-vePartyTheNewDemocraticPartyTheBlocQuebecoisPoliticalPartiesTheLiberalP111990年成立。該集團代表魁北克人的利益，主張魁北克獨立。領(lǐng)袖：吉利斯·杜塞普（GillesDuceppe）現(xiàn)執(zhí)政黨。加右翼政黨。由加拿大改良保守聯(lián)盟黨和進步保守黨于2003年12月合并而成，代表銀行保險業(yè)、鐵路運輸業(yè)、能源工業(yè)壟斷資本和大農(nóng)場主利益。領(lǐng)袖：史蒂芬·哈珀（StephenHarper）。加拿大左翼政黨。1961年由“平民合作聯(lián)盟”與“加拿大勞工大會”聯(lián)合而成。該黨屬于社會民主黨性質(zhì)，代表中下勞動階層利益，主張企業(yè)公營，標榜社會主義。領(lǐng)袖：杰克·萊頓（JackLayton）1873年成立。代表工業(yè)壟斷資本集團利益并兼顧中、小企業(yè)利益。領(lǐng)袖：米哈伊爾·伊格納季耶夫（MichaelIgnatieff）。2011年5月2日舉行的國會下議院選舉中，該黨首次淪為第三大黨。自由黨保守黨新民主黨魁人政團1990年成立。該集團代表魁北克人的利益，主張魁北克獨立。領(lǐng)12CanadianPrimeMinistersPierreElliottTrudeauwasthe15thPrimeMinisterofCanada.Trudeaubeganhispoliticalcareercampaigningforsocialistideals,butheeventuallyjoinedtheLiberalPartyofCanadawhenheenteredfederalpoliticsinthe1960s.HewasappointedasLesterPearson'sParliamentarySecretary,andlaterbecamehisMinisterofJustice.FromhisbaseinMontreal,TrudeautookcontroloftheLiberalPartyandbecameacharismaticleader,inspiring"Trudeaumania".Fromthelate1960suntilthemid-1980s,hedominatedtheCanadianpoliticalsceneandarousedpassionatereactions."Reasonbeforepassion"washispersonalmotto.Heretiredfrompoliticsin1984,andJohnTurnersucceededhimasPrimeMinister.CanadianPrimeMinistersPierre13PierreElliottTrudeau皮埃爾·埃利奧特·特魯多

PierreElliottTrudeau皮埃爾·埃利奧特14StephenJosephHarper

StephenJosephHarper,PC,MP(bornApril30,1959)isthe22ndandcurrentPrimeMinisterofCanada,andleaderoftheConservativeParty.HarperbecamePrimeMinisterafterhispartywonaminoritygovernmentinthe2006federalelection.HeisthefirstPrimeMinisterfromthenewlyreconstitutedConservativeParty,followingamergeroftheProgressiveConservativeandCanadianAllianceparties.HarperhasbeentheMemberofParliament(MP)fortheridingofCalgarySouthwestinAlbertasince2002.Earlier,from1993to1997,hewastheMPforCalgaryWest.HewasoneofthefoundingmembersoftheReformParty,butendedhisfirststintasanMPtojoin,andshortlythereafterhead,theNationalCitizensCoalition.In2002,hesucceededStockwellDayasleaderoftheCanadianAlliance(thesuccessortotheReformParty)andreturnedtoParliamentasLeaderoftheOpposition.In2003,hereachedanagreementwithProgressiveConservativeleaderPeterMacKayforthemergeroftheirtwopartiestoformtheConservativeP